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6篇 您的检索式：作者名="Martin Heil"

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		题名	作者	年代	出处	被引量
	1	The Defensive Role of Volatile Emission and Extrafloral Nectar Secretion for Lima Bean in Nature显示文摘	Christian Kost Martin Heil	2008	Journal of Chemical Ecology2008，，1：	1
	2	Long-distance signalling in plant defence显示文摘	Martin Heil Jurriaan Ton	2008	Trends in Plant Science2008，，6：	1
	3	Endophytes versus biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens—are fungal lifestyles evolutionarily stable traits?显示文摘Endophytes infect living plant tissues without causing symptoms of disease.Indeed,many of them contribute to the resistance phenotype of their host.However,fungal endophytes are generally closely related to plant pathogens,fungi that either develop within living host tissue(biotrophic fungi)or that kill the host cells and then live in the dead tissue(necrotrophic fungi).We adopted a phylogenetic approach to investigate whether these strategies represent evolutionarily stable lifestyles and to elucidate their general phylogenetic relationships.We analysed 163 fungal strains for which we found information on the sequence of the 5.8S rRNA gene and the flanking internal transcribed spacer regions,the identity of the host plant and the concrete phenotypic outcome of the infection.A Maximum-Likelihood analysis combined with ancestral character mapping by maximum parsimony revealed that some fungal lineages had switched multiple times between a necrotrophic and an endophytic lifestyle.Ancestral character mapping indicated a minimum of four changes from an endophytic to a necrotrophic lifestyle,four changes in the opposite direction and eight changes among these lifestyles for which the direction could not be determined unambiguously.By contrast,biotrophs formed five clusters that did not contain necrotrophs or endophytes.Once biotrophy evolves there is apparently no regression to one of the other two lifestyles.We conclude that biotrophy usually represents a derived and evolutionarily stable trait,whereas fungi easily can switch between an endophytic and necrotrophic lifestyle at the evolutionary and even the ecological timescale.Future experimental studies should focus on the environmental or genetic changes that cause the rapid switches between these two phenotypically different lifestyles.	Luis Delaye Graciela García-Guzmán Martin Heil	2013	Fungal Diversity2013，，3：	1
	4	Explaining evolution of plant communication by airborne signals显示文摘	Martin Heil Richard Karban	2009	Trends in Ecology & Evolution2009，，3：	1
	5	Induced systemic resistance (ISR) against pathogens in the context of induced plant defences 显示文摘	Martin Heil Richard M Bostock	2002	Annals of Botany2002，89，：	1
	6	Fitness costs of induced resistance:emerging experimental support for a slippery concept 显示文摘	Martin Heil Ian T Baldwin	2002	Trends in Plant Science2002，7，2：	1

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