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| 1 | Physical and chemical processes promoting dominance of the toxic cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii显示文摘The freshwater cyanobacterium, Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Wo?oszyńska) Seenayya and Subba Raju is a common species in lakes and reservoirs globally. In some areas of the world it can produce cyto- and hepatotoxins (cylindrospermopsins, saxitoxins), making blooms of this species a serious health concern for humans. In the last 10-15 years, there has been a considerable body of research conducted on the ecology, physiology and toxin production of this species and this paper reviews these studies with a focus on the cylindrospermopsin (CYN)-producing strains. C. raciborskii has low light requirements, close to neutral buoyancy, and a wide temperature tolerance, giving it the capacity to grow in many lentic waterbodies. It also has a flexible strategy with respect to nitrogen (N) utilisation; being able to switch between utilising fixed and atmospheric N as sources of N fluctuate. Additionally this species has a high phosphate (DIP) affinity and storage capacity. Like many cyanobacteria, it also has the capacity to use dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP). Changes in nutrient concentrations, light levels and temperature have also been found to affect production of the toxin CYN by this species. However, optimal toxin production does not necessarily occur when growth rates are optimal. Additionally, different strains of C. raciborskii vary in their cell quota of CYN, making it difficult to predict toxin concentrations, based on C. raciborskii cell densities. In summary, the ecological flexibility of this organism means that controlling blooms of C. raciborskii is a difficult undertaking. However, improved understanding of factors promoting the species and toxin production by genetically capable strains will lead to improved predictive models of blooms. | Michele A. BURFORD Timothy W. DAVIS | 2011 | Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology2011，29，4： | 4 |
| 2 | An Optical Coherence Tomography-Guided, Variable Dosing Regimen with Intravitreal Ranibizumab (Lucentis) for Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration显示文摘 | Anne E. Fung Geeta A. Lalwani Philip J. Rosenfeld Sander R. Dubovy Stephan Michels William J. Feuer Carmen A. Puliafito Janet L. Davis Harry W. Flynn Maria Esquiabro | 2007 | American Journal of Ophthalmology2007，，4： | 3 |
| 3 | Intestinal schistosomiasis in Uganda at high altitude(>1400 m):malacological and epidemiological surveys on Mount Elgon and in Fort Portal crater lakes reveal extra preventive chemotherapy needs显示文摘Background:Intestinal schistosomiasis is of public health importance in Uganda but communities living above 1400 m are not targeted for control as natural transmission is thought unlikely.To assess altitudinal boundaries and at-risk populations,conjoint malacological and epidemiological surveys were undertaken on Mount Elgon(1139 m-3937 m),in Fort Portal crater lakes and in the Rwenzori Mountains(1123 m-4050 m).Methods:Seventy freshwater habitats[Mount Elgon(37),Fort Portal crater lakes(23),Rwenzori Mountains(8)and Lake Albert(2)]were inspected for Biomphalaria species.Water temperature,pH and conductivity were recorded.A parasitological examination of 756 schoolchildren[Mount Elgon(300),Fort Portal crater lakes(456)]by faecal microscopy of duplicate Kato-Katz smears from two consecutive stool samples was bolstered by antigen(urine-CCA dipstick)and antibody(SEA-ELISA)diagnostic assays.Results:Biomphalaria spp.was found up to 1951 m on Mount Elgon and 1567 m in the Fort Portal crater lakes.Although no snail from Mount Elgon shed cercariae,molecular analysis judged 7.1%of snails sampled at altitudes above 1400 m as having DNA of Schistosoma mansoni;in Fort Portal crater lakes three snails shed schistosome cercariae.Prevalence of intestinal schistosomiasis as measured in schoolchildren by Kato-Katz(Mount Elgon=5.3%v.Fort Portal crater lakes=10.7%),CCA urine-dipsticks(18.3%v.34.4%)and SEA-ELISA(42.3%v.63.7%)showed negative associations with increasing altitude with some evidence of infection up to 2000 m.Conclusions:Contrary to expectations,these surveys clearly show that natural transmission of intestinal schistosomiasis occurs above 1400 m,possibly extending up to 2000 m.Using spatial epidemiological predictions,this now places some extra six million people at-risk,denoting an expansion of preventive chemotherapy needs in Uganda. | Michelle CStanton Moses Adriko Moses Arinaitwe Alison Howell Juliet Davies Gillian Allison EJames LaCourse Edridah Muheki Narcis BKabatereine J.Russell Stothard | 2017 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2017，6，1： | 3 |
| 4 | Cell:癌基因“遗传平衡”或会影响患者对癌症疗法的反应显示文摘进行癌症疗法的选择越来越需要确定肿瘤细胞中是否含有一些特殊突变的癌基因会驱动癌细胞异常生长。并且确定是否癌细胞会对特殊药物耐受或敏感.近日来自加州大学旧金山分校的研究人员就通过研究发现。以常见的癌基因KRAs突变为例。患者对疗法的反应往往会随着肿瘤的不断进化而发生改变。相关研究刊登于国际杂志Cell上。 | Michael R. Burgess Eugene Hwang Rana Mroue Craig M. Bielski Anica M. Wandler Benjamin J. Huang Ari J. Firestone Amy Young Jennifer A. Lacap Lisa Crocker Saurabh Asthana Elizabeth M. Davis Jin Xu Keiko Akagi Michelle M. Le Beau Qing Li Benjamin Haley David Stokoe Deepak Sampath Barry S. Taylor Marie Evangelista Kevin Shannon | 2017 | 现代生物医学进展2017，17，18： | 2 |
| 5 | Do medical students studying in the United Kingdom have an adequate factual knowledge of basic life support?显示文摘BACKGROUND: Healthcare professionals have a duty to maintain basic life support(BLS) skills. This study aims to evaluate medical students' factual knowledge of BLS and the training they receive.METHODS: A cross-sectional, closed-response questionnaire was distributed to the fi rst-and fourth-year students studying at institutions in the United Kingdom. The paper questionnaire sought to quantify respondent's previous BLS training, factual knowledge of the BLS algorithm using five multiple choice questions(MCQs), and valuate their desire for further BLS training. Students received 1 point for each correctly identifi ed answer to the 5 MCQ's.RESULTS: A total of 3,732 complete responses were received from 21 medical schools. Eighty percent(n=2,999) of students completed a BLS course as part of their undergraduate medical studies. There was a signifi cant difference(P<0.001) in the percentage of the fourth-year students selecting the correct answer in all the MCQ's compared to the fi rst-year students except in identifyingthe correct depth of compressions required during CPR(P=0.095). Overall 10.3%(95% CI 9.9% to 10.7%) of respondents correctly identified the answer to 5 MCQ's on BLS: 9% of the first-year students(n=194) and 12% of the fourth-year students(n=190). On an institutional level the proportion of students answering all MCQ's correctly ranged from 2% to 54% at different universities. Eighty-one percent of students(n=3,031) wished for more BLS training in their curriculum.CONCLUSION: Factual knowledge of BLS is poor among medical students in the UK. There is a disparity in standards of knowledge across institutions and respondents indicating that they would like more training. | Robert D.Willmore Damjan Veljanoski Feray Ozdes Bethan Stephens James Mooney Seamus G.Crumley Arpan Doshi Philippa Davies Shreya Badhrinarayanan Emily Day Kristian Tattam April Wilson Nathan Crang Lorna Green Craig A.Mounsey Howell Fu Joseph Williams Michelle S.D'souza Dhanya Sebastian Liam A.Mcgiveron Matthew G.Percy James Cohen Imogen J.John Alice Lethbridge Imogen Watkins Omar Amin Mubasher A.Qamar John Gerrard Hanrahan Emily Cramond-Wong | 2019 | World Journal of Emergency Medicine2019，10，2： | 2 |
| 6 | Use of plasmid DNA for direct gene transfer and immunization显示文摘 | Davis H L Michel M L Whalen R G | 1995 | NY Acad Sci1995，772，： | 1 |
| 7 | Place-based stressors associated with industry and air pollution显示文摘 | Michelle C. Kondo Carol Ann Gross-Davis Katlyn May Lauren O. Davis Tyiesha Johnson Mable Mallard Alice Gabbadon Claudia Sherrod Charles C. Branas | 2014 | Health and Place2014，，： | 1 |
| 8 | A Variable-dosing Regimen with Intravitreal Ranibizumab for Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration: Year 2 of the PrONTO Study显示文摘 | Geeta A. Lalwani Philip J. Rosenfeld Anne E. Fung Sander R. Dubovy Stephen Michels William Feuer Janet L. Davis Harry W. Flynn Maria Esquiabro | 2009 | American Journal of Ophthalmology2009，，1： | 1 |
| 9 | DNA-mediated immunization to the hepatitis B surface antigen in mice:Aspects of the humoral response mimic hepatitis B Viral infection in humans显示文摘 | Michel ML Davis HL Schleef M | 1995 | Proc Natl Acad Sci USA1995，92，： | 1 |
| 10 | Pulmonary outcome at 1 year corrected age in premature infants treated at birth with recombinant human CuZn superoxide dismutase显示文摘 | Davis JM Parad RB Michele T | 2003 | Pediatrics2003，111，3： | 1 |
| 11 | 2012 HRS/EHRA/ECAS Expert Consensus Statement on Catheter and Surgical Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation: Recommendations for Patient Selection, Procedural Techniques, Patient Management and Follow-up, Definitions, Endpoints, and Research Trial Design显示文摘 | Hugh Calkins Karl Heinz Kuck Riccardo Cappato Josep Brugada A. John Camm Shih-Ann Chen Harry J.G. Crijns Ralph J. Damiano D. Wyn Davies John DiMarco James Edgerton Kenneth Ellenbogen Michael D. Ezekowitz David E. Haines Michel Haissaguerre Gerhard Hindric | 2012 | Heart Rhythm2012，，： | 1 |
| 12 | Pulmonary outcome at 1 year corrected age in premature infants treated at birth with recombinant human CuZn superoxide dismutase显示文摘 | Parad RB Michele T Allred E Price A Rosenfeld W | 2003 | Pediatrics2003，111，3： | 1 |
| 13 | DNA based immunization induces continuous secretion of hepatitis B surface antigen and high level of circulating antibody 显示文摘 | Davis HL Michel ML Whalen RG | 1993 | Hum Mol Genet1993，2，11： | 1 |
| 14 | DNA-based immunization induces continuous secretion of hepatitis B surface antigen and high levels of circulating antibody显示文摘 | Davis HL Michel ML Whalen RG | 1993 | Hum Mol Genet1993，2，： | 1 |
| 15 | Dystroglycan Matrix receptor function in cardiac myocytes is important for limiting activity-induced myocardial damage显示文摘 | Michele DE Kabaeva Z Davis SL | 2009 | Circ Res2009，105，10： | 1 |
| 16 | Direct gene transferin skeletal muscle:plasmid DNA-based Immunization against the hepatitis B Virus surface antigen显示文摘 | Davis H L Michel M L Mancini M | 1994 | Vaccine1994，12，： | 1 |
| 17 | Direct gene transfer in skeletal muscle: plasmid DNA-based immunization against the hepatitis B virus surface antigen 显示文摘 | DAVIS H L MICHEL M L HASHIDA M | 1994 | Vaccine1994，12，16： | 1 |
| 18 | Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Evidence-Based Guidelines for Management of Infants with Cystic Fibrosis显示文摘 | Drucy Borowitz Karen A. Robinson Margaret Rosenfeld Stephanie D. Davis Kathryn A. Sabadosa Stephanie L. Spear Suzanne H. Michel Richard B. Parad Terry B. White Philip M. Farrell Bruce C. Marshall Frank J. Accurso | 2009 | The Journal of Pediatrics2009，，： | 1 |
| 19 | PARK6 is a common cause of familial parkinsonism显示文摘 | E.M. Valente F. Brancati V. Caputo E.A. Graham M.B. Davis A. Ferraris M.M.B. Breteler T. Gasser V. Bonifati A.R. Bentivoglio G. De Michele A. Dürr P. Cortelli A. Filla G. Meco B.A. Oostra A. Brice A. Albanese B. Dallapiccola N.W. Wood | 2002 | Neurological Sciences2002，，2： | 1 |
| 20 | Hepatitis C Virus Infection of Neuroepithelioma Cell Lines显示文摘 | Nicola F. Fletcher Jian Ping Yang Michelle J. Farquhar Ke Hu Christopher Davis Qiuchen He Kimberly Dowd Stuart C. Ray Sophie E. Krieger Johan Neyts Thomas F. Baumert Peter Balfe Jane A. McKeating Flossie Wong–Staal | 2010 | Gastroenterology2010，，4： | 1 |
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