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| 1 | Current status of low dose multi-detector CT in the urinary tract显示文摘Over the past several years,advances in the technical domain of computed tomography(CT) have influenced the trend of imaging modalities used in the clinical evaluation of the urinary system.Renal collecting systems can be illustrated more precisely with the advent of multi-detector row CT through thinner slices,high speed acquisitions,and enhanced longitudinal spatial resolution resulting in improved reformatted coronal images.On the other hand,a significant increase in exposure to ionizing radiation,especially in the radiosensitive organs,such as the gonads,is a concern with the increased utilization of urinary tract CT.In this article,we discuss the strategies and techniques availablefor reducing radiation dose for a variety of urinary tractCT protocols with metabolic clinical examples.We also reviewed CT for hematuria evaluation and related scan parameter optimization such as,reducing the number of acquisition phases,CT angiography of renal donors and lowering tube potential,when possible. | Mi Kim Sung Sarabjeet Singh Mannudeep K Kalra | 2011 | World Journal of Radiology2011，3，11： | 4 |
| 2 | 有为腹的 CT 的非线性的适应过滤器的申请的放射剂量减小显示文摘 AIM:To evaluate the effect of non-linear adaptive filters (NLAF) on abdominal computed tomography (CT) images acquired at different radiation dose levels.METHODS:Nineteen patients (mean age 61.6 ± 7.9 years,M:F=8:11) gave informed consent for an Institutional Review Board approved prospective study involving acquisition of 4 additional image series (200,150,100,50 mAs and 120 kVp) on a 64 slice multidetector row CT scanner over an identical 10 cm length in the abdomen.The CT images acquired at 150,100 and 50 mAs were processed with the NLAF.Two radiologists reviewed unprocessed and processed images for image quality in a blinded randomized manner.CT dose index volume,dose length product,patient weight,transverse diameters,objective noise and CT numbers wererecorded.Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance and Wilcoxon signed rank test.RESULTS:Of the 31 lesions detected in abdominal CT images,28 lesions were less than 1 cm in size.Subjective image noise was graded as unacceptable in unprocessed images at 50 and 100 mAs,and in NLAF processed images at 50 mAs only.In NLAF processed images,objective image noise was decreased by 21% (14.4 ± 4/18.2 ± 4.9) at 150 mAs,28.3% (15.7 ± 5.6/21.9 ± 4) at 100 mAs and by 39.4% (18.8 ± 9/30.4 ± 9.2) at 50 mAs compared to unprocessed images acquired at respective radiation dose levels.At 100 mAs the visibility of smaller structures improved from suboptimal in unprocessed images to excellent in NLAF processed images,whereas diagnostic confidence was respectively improved from probably confident to fully confident.CONCLUSION:NLAF lowers image noise,improves the visibility of small structures and maintains lesion conspicuity at down to 100 mAs for abdominal CT. | Sarabjeet Singh Mannudeep K Kalra Mi Kim Sung Anni Back Michael A Blake | 2012 | World Journal of Radiology2012，4，1： | 3 |
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| 4 | Extracellular Matrix Proteins as Early Markers in Diabetic Nephyropathy显示文摘 | Jackle MI Szukics B Neabauer K | 1995 | Eur J Clin Chem Clin Biochem1995，33，： | 1 |
| 5 | An empirical examination of the costs and benefits of executive stock options : evidence from Japan 显示文摘 | KATO H K LEMMON M MI L | 2005 | Journal of Financial Economics2005，，78： | 1 |
| 6 | LINGO-1 antagonist promotes spinal cord remyelination and axonal integrity in MOG- induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis 显示文摘 | Mi S Hu B Hahm K | 2007 | Nat Med2007，13，10： | 1 |
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| 8 | Celecoxib inhibits prostate cancer growth: evidence of a cyclooxygenase-2-independent mechanism显示文摘 | Patel MI Subbaramaiah K Du B | 2005 | Clin Cancer Res2005，11，5： | 1 |
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| 10 | Acinetobacter baumannii increases tolerance to antibiotics in response to monovalent eat- ions显示文摘 | Hood MI Jacobs AC Sayood K | 2010 | American Society for Microbiology2010，54，3： | 1 |
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| 12 | Rescue of retinal degeneration by intravitreally injected adult bone marrow- derived lineage-negative hematopoietic stem cells显示文摘 | Otani A DorreU MI Kinder K | 2004 | Clin Invest2004，114，6： | 1 |
| 13 | Placental changes in pregnancy induced hypertension 显示文摘 | Nahar L Nahar K Hossain MI | 2013 | Mymensingh Med J2013，22，4： | 1 |
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| 15 | The economic impact of pandemic influenza in the United States: priorities for intervention显示文摘 | Meltzer MI Cox NJ Fukuda K | 1999 | Emerg Infect Dis1999，5，5： | 1 |
| 16 | Synthesis and assembly of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit in transgenie lettuce(Lactuca sativa)显示文摘 | Tae G K Mi Y K | 2007 | Protein Expression Purif2007，51，： | 1 |
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| 18 | Rapid reversal of parenteral-Nutrition-associated cirrhosis following isolated intestinal transplantation显示文摘 | FIEL MI WU HS LYER K | 2009 | J Gastrointest Surg2009，13，9： | 1 |
| 19 | The preparation of the anatase and rutile forms of Ag-TiO2 and hydrogen production from methanol/water decomposition 显示文摘 | P Mi Seo K Misook | 2008 | Materials Letters2008，62，2： | 1 |
| 20 | Correlation between peri-infarct DC shifts and ischaemic neuronal damage in rat显示文摘 | MIES G IIJIMA T HOSSMANN K A | 1993 | Neuroreport1993，4，6： | 1 |
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