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| 1 | Transplantation of stem cell-derived astrocytes for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and spinal cord injury显示文摘Neglected for years, astrocytes are now recognized to fulfill and support many, if not all, homeostatic functionsof the healthy central nervous system(CNS). During neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS) and spinal cord injury(SCI), astrocytes in the vicinity of degenerating areas undergo both morphological and functional changes that might compromise their intrinsic properties. Evidence from human and animal studies show that deficient astrocyte functions or loss-of-astrocytes largely contribute to increased susceptibility to cell death for neurons, oligodendrocytes and axons during ALS and SCI disease progression. Despite exciting advances in experimental CNS repair, most of current approaches that are translated into clinical trials focus on the replacement or support of spinal neurons through stem cell transplantation, while none focus on the specific replacement of astroglial populations. Knowing the important functions carried out by astrocytes in the CNS, astrocyte replacement-based therapies might be a promising approach to alleviate overall astrocyte dysfunction, deliver neurotrophic support to degenerating spinal tissue and stimulate endogenous CNS repair abilities. Enclosed in this review, we gathered experimental evidence that argue in favor of astrocyte transplantation during ALS and SCI. Based on their intrinsic properties and according to the cell type transplanted, astrocyte precursors or stem cell-derived astrocytes promote axonal growth, support mechanisms and cells involved in myelination, are able to modulate the host immune response, deliver neurotrophic factors and provide protective molecules against oxidative or excitotoxic insults, amongst many possible benefits. Embryonic or adult stem cells can even be genetically engineered in order to deliver missing gene products and therefore maximize the chance of neuroprotection and functional recovery. However, before broad clinical translation, further preclinical data on safety, reliability and therapeutic efficiency should be collected. Although several technical challenges need to be overcome, we discuss the major hurdles that have already been met or solved by targeting the astrocyte populationin experimental ALS and SCI models and we discuss avenues for future directions based on latest molecular findings regarding astrocyte biology. | Charles Nicaise Dinko Mitrecic Aditi Falnikar Angelo C Lepore | 2015 | World Journal of Stem Cells2015，7，2： | 13 |
| 2 | Distribution, differentiat- ion, and survival of intravenously administered neural stem ce- lls in a rat model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis显示文摘 | Mitrecic D Nicaise C Gajovic S | 2010 | Cell Transp- lant2010，19，5： | 1 |
| 3 | Morphological features of tail bud development in truncate mouse mutants显示文摘 | Kostovic-Knezevic L Gajovic S | 2004 | Cells tissues organs2004，178，1： | 1 |
| 4 | An improved method for determination of gene copy numbers in transgenic mice by serial dilution curves obtained by real-time quantitative PCR assay显示文摘 | Mitrecic D Huzak M Curlin M | | Journal of Biochemical and Biophysical Methods0，，： | 1 |
| 5 | An improved method for determination of gene copy numbers in transgenic mice by serial dilution curves obtained by real-time quantitative PCR assay显示文摘 | MITRECIC D HUZAK M CURLIN M | 2005 | Journal of Biochemical and Biophysical Methods2005，64，： | 1 |
| 6 | Impaired blood-brain and blood-spinal cord barriers in mutant SOD1- linked AI_S rat显示文摘 | NICAISE C MITRECIC D DEMETTER P | 2009 | Brain Research2009，1301，： | 1 |
| 7 | Impaired blood-brain and blood-spinal cord barriers in mutant SODl-linked ALS rat显示文摘 | Nicaise C Mitrecic D Demetter P | 2009 | Brain Res2009，1301，： | 1 |
| 8 | Toward the treatments with neural stem cells: experiences from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 显示文摘 | Mitrecic D Gajovic S Pochet R | 2009 | Anat Rec (Hoboken)2009，292，： | 1 |
| 9 | Brain and spinal cord affected by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis induce differential growth factors expression in rat mesenchymal and neural stem cells显示文摘 | Nicaise C Mitrecic D Pochet R | | 0，，02： | 1 |
| 10 | Distribution, differentiation, and survival of intravenously administered neural stem cells in a rat model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 显示文摘 | Mitrecic'D Nicaise C Gajovi c' S | 2010 | Cell Transplant2010，19，： | 1 |
| 11 | Impaired blood-brain and blood-spinal cord barriers in mutant SOD 1-linkedALS rat 显示文摘 | Nicaise C Mitrecic D Demetter P | 2009 | Brain Res2009，1301，： | 1 |
| 12 | Brain and spinal cord affected by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis inducedifferential growth factors ex- pression in rat mesenchymal and neural stem cells 显示文摘 | Nicaise C Mitrecic D Pochet R | 2011 | Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol2011，37，2： | 1 |
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