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| 1 | Hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance:An evidence-based approach显示文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) makes up 75%-85% of all primary liver cancers and is the fourth most common cause of cancer related death worldwide. Chronic liver disease is the most significant risk factor for HCC with 80%-90% of new cases occurring in the background of cirrhosis. Studies have shown that early diagnosis of HCC through surveillance programs improve prognosis and availability of curative therapies. All patients with cirrhosis and high-risk hepatitis B patients are at risk for HCC and should undergo surveillance. The recommended surveillance modality is abdominal ultrasound(US) given that it is cost effective and noninvasive with good sensitivity. However, US is limited in obese patients and those with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD). With the current obesity epidemic and rise in the prevalence of NAFLD, abdominal computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging may be indicated as the primary screening modality in these patients. The addition of alpha-fetoprotein to a surveillance regimen is thought to improve the sensitivity of HCC detection.Further investigation of serum biomarkers is needed. Semiannual screening is the suggested surveillance interval. Surveillance for HCC is underutilized and low adherence disproportionately affects certain demographics such as nonCaucasian race and low socioeconomic status. | Patrick S Harris Ross M Hansen Meagan E Gray Omar I Massoud Brendan M McGuire Mohamed G Shoreibah | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，13： | 31 |
| 2 | Rubber band ligation for 750 cases of symptomatic hemorrhoids out of 2200 cases显示文摘AIM: To study the results for the treatment of symptomatic hemorrhoids using rubber band ligation (RBL) method. METHODS: A retrospective study for 750 patients who came to the colorectal unit from June, 1998 to September, 2006, data was retrieved from archived fi les. RBL was performed using the Mc Gown applicator on an outpatient basis. The patients were asked to return to out-patient clinic for follow up at 2 wk, 1 mo, 6 mo and through telephone call every 6 mo for 2 years). RESULTS: After RBL, 696 patients (92.8%) were cured with no difference in outcome for second or third degree hemorrhoids (P = 0.31). Symptomatic recurrence was detected in 11.04% after 2 years. A total of 52 patients (6.93%) had 77 complications from RBL which required no hospitalization. Complications were pain, rectal bleeding and vaso-vagal symptoms(4.13%, 4.13% and 1.33% of patients, respectively). At 1 mo there were a significant improvement in mean SF-36 scores over baseline in five items, while after 2 years there were improvement in all items over baseline, but not significant. No significant manometeric changes after band ligation. CONCLUSION: RBL is a simple, safe and effective method for treating symptomatic second and third degree hemorrhoids as an out patient procedure with signifi cant improvement in quality of life. RBL doesn't alter ano-rectal functions. | Ayman M El Nakeeb Amir A Fikry Waleed H Omar Elyamani M Fouda Tito A El Metwally Hosam E Ghazy Sabry A Badr Mohmed Y Abu Elkhar Salih M Elawady Hisham H Abd Elmoniam Waiel W Khafagy Mosaad M Morshed Ramadan E El Lithy Mohamed E Farid | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，42： | 24 |
| 3 | 用于GPS接收机的自适应算法抗干扰性能比较显示文摘为了比较功率反演、多信号归类和最小范数自适应算法的抗干扰性能,研究了各算法的基本原理,并在均匀线阵中采用各算法进行仿真,比较各算法在有用信号和干扰来向上得到的天线增益.仿真中有用信号为-160dBW的GPS卫星信号,两个同频干扰来自不同方向,并在仿真中改变干扰功率.仿真结果表明这三种算法都可以用于GPS接收机抗干扰.其中,功率反演算法抑制弱干扰的性能较差;多信号归类算法抑制弱干扰的性能较好,但会引入错误零陷;最小范数算法既可以抑制弱干扰,也不会引入错误零陷. | Mohamed E A 王永芳 谈展中 | 2006 | 北京航空航天大学学报2006，32，5： | 21 |
| 4 | Kinetic adsorption of application of carbon nanotubes for Pb(Ⅱ) removal from aqueous solution显示文摘The capability of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to adsorb lead (Pb) in aqueous solution was investigated. Batch mode adsorption experiment was conducted to determine the effects of pH, agitation speed, CNTs dosage and contact time. The removal of Pb(Ⅱ) reached maximum value 85% or 83% at pH 5 or 40 mg/L of CNTs, respectively. Higher correlation coeffcients from Langmuir isotherm model indicates the strong adsorptions of Pb(Ⅱ) on the surface of CNTs (adsorption capacity Xm = 102.04 mg/g). The results indicates that the highest percentage removal of Pb (96.03%) can be achieved at pH 5, 40 mg/L of CNTs, contact time 80 min, and agitation speed 50 r/min. | Nassereldeen A Kabbashi Muataz A Atieh Abdullah Al-Mamun Mohamed E S Mirghami MD Z Alam Noorahayu Yahya | 2009 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2009，21，4： | 15 |
| 5 | Delayed gastric emptying following pancreaticoduodenectomy:Incidence,risk factors,and healthcare utilization显示文摘AIM To characterize incidence and risk factors for delayed gastric emptying(DGE) following pancreaticoduodenectomy and examine its implications on healthcare utilization. METHODS A prospectively-maintained database was reviewed. DGE was classified using International Study Group of Pancreatic Surgery criteria. Patients who developed DGE and those who did not were compared. RESULTS Two hundred and seventy-six patients underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD)(> 80% pyloruspreserving, antecolic-reconstruction). DGE developed in 49 patients(17.8%): 5.1% grade B, 3.6% grade C. Demographic, clinical, and operative variables were similar between patients with DGE and those without. DGE patients were more likely to present multiplecomplications(32.6% vs 4.4%, ≥ 3 complications, P < 0.001), including postoperative pancreatic fistula(POPF)(42.9% vs 18.9%, P = 0.001) and intra-abdominal abscess(IAA)(16.3% vs 4.0%, P = 0.012). Patients with DGE had longer hospital stay(median, 12 d vs 7 d, P < 0.001) and were more likely to require transitional care upon discharge(24.5% vs 6.6%, P < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, predictors for DGE included POPF [OR = 3.39(1.35-8.52), P = 0.009] and IAA [OR = 1.51(1.03-2.22), P = 0.035].CONCLUSION Although DGE occurred in < 20% of patients after PD, it was associated with increased healthcare utilization. Patients with POPF and IAA were at risk for DGE. Anticipating DGE can help individualize care and allocate resources to high-risk patients. | Somala Mohammed George Van Buren II Amy Mc Elhany Eric J Silberfein William E Fisher | 2017 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2017，9，3： | 13 |
| 6 | Hepatocellular carcinoma: Review of disease and tumor biomarkers显示文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is a common malignancy and now the second commonest global cause of cancer death. HCC tumorigenesis is relatively silent and patients experience late symptomatic presentation. As the option for curative treatments is limited to early stage cancers, diagnosis in non-symptomatic individuals is crucial. International guidelines advise regular surveillance of high-risk populations but the current tools lack sufficient sensitivity for early stage tumors on the background of a cirrhotic nodular liver. A number of novel biomarkers have now been suggested in the literature, which may reinforce the current surveillance methods. In addition, recent metabonomic and proteomic discoveries have established specific metabolite expressions in HCC, according to Warburg's phenomenon of altered energy metabolism. With clinical validation, a simple and non-invasive test from the serum or urine may be performed to diagnose HCC, particularly benefiting low resource regions where the burden of HCC is highest. | Jin Un Kim Mohamed I F Shariff Mary M E Crossey Maria Gomez-Romero Elaine Holmes I Jane Cox Haddy K S Fye Ramou Njie Simon D Taylor-Robinson | 2016 | World Journal of Hepatology2016，8，10： | 13 |
| 7 | Real time endoscopic ultrasound elastography and strain ratio in the diagnosis of solid pancreatic lesions显示文摘AIM To evaluate the accuracy of the elastography score combined to the strain ratio in the diagnosis of solid pancreatic lesions(SPL). METHODS A total of 172 patients with SPL identified by endoscopic ultrasound were enrolled in the study to evaluate the efficacy of elastography and strain ratio in differentiating malignant from benign lesions. The semi quantitative score of elastography was represented by the strain ratio method. Two areas were selected, area(A) representing the region of interest and area(B) representing the normal area. Area(B) was then divided by area(A). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value(PPV), negative predictive value(NPV), and accuracy were calculated by comparing diagnoses made by elastography, strain ratio and final diagnoses.RESULTS SPL were shown to be benign in 49 patients and malignant in 123 patients. Elastography alone had a sensitivity of 99%, a specificity of 63%, and an accuracy of 88%, a PPV of 87% and an NPV of 96%. The best cut-off level of strain ratio to obtain the maximal area under the curve was 7.8 with a sensitivity of 92%, specificity of 77%, PPV of 91%, NPV of 80% and an accuracy of 88%. Another estimated cut off strain ratio level of 3.8 had a higher sensitivity of 99% and NPV of 96%, but with less specificity, PPV and accuracy 53%, 84% and 86%, respectively. Adding both elastography to strain ratio resulted in a sensitivity of 98%, specificity of 77%, PPV of 91%, NPV of 95% and accuracy of 92% for the diagnosis of SPL. CONCLUSION Combining elastography to strain ratio increases the accuracy of the differentiation of benign from malignant SPL. | Hussein Okasha Shaimaa Elkholy Ramy El-Sayed Mohamed-Naguib Wifi Mohamed El-Nady Walid El-Nabawi Waleed A El-Dayem Mohamed I Radwan Ali Farag Yahya El-sherif Emad Al-Gemeie Ahmed Salman Mohamed El-Sherbiny Ahmed El-Mazny Reem E Mahdy | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，32： | 11 |
| 8 | Clinical correlates of common corneal neovascular diseases: a literature review显示文摘A large subset of corneal pathologies involves the formation of new vessels(neovascularization), leading to compromised visual acuity. This article aims to review the clinical causes and presentations of corneal neovascularization(CNV) by examining the mechanisms behind common CNV-related corneal pathologies, with a particular focus on herpes simplex stromal keratitis,contact lenses-induced keratitis and CNV secondary to keratoplasty. Moreover, we reviewed CNV in the context of different types of corneal transplantation and keratoprosthesis, and summarized the most relevant treatment available so far. | Nizar Saleh Abdelfattah Mohamed Amgad Amira A Zayed Hamdy Salem Ahmed E Elkhanany Heba Hussein Nawal Abd El-Baky | 2015 | International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition)2015，8，1： | 10 |
| 9 | Medical management of patients after bariatric surgery: Principles and guidelines显示文摘Obesity is a major and growing health care concern. Large epidemiologic studies that evaluated the relationship between obesity and mortality, observed that a higher body-mass index(BMI) is associated with increased rate of death from several causes, among them cardiovascular disease; which is particularly true for those with morbid obesity. Being overweight was also associated with decreased survival in several studies. Unfortunately, obese subjects are often exposed to public disapproval because of their fatness which significantly affects their psychosocial behavior. All obese patients(BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) should receive counseling on diet, lifestyle, exercise and goals for weight management. Individuals with BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2 and those with BMI > 35 kg/m2 with obesity-related comorbidities; who failed diet, exercise, and drug therapy, should be considered for bariatric surgery. In current review article, we will shed light on important medical principles that each surgeon/gastroenterologist needs to know about bariatric surgical procedure, with special concern to the early post operative period. Additionally, we will explain the common complications that usually follow bariatric surgery and elucidate medical guidelines in their management. For the first 24 h after the bariatric surgery, the postoperative priorities include pain management, leakage, nausea and vomiting, intravenous fluid management, pulmonary hygiene, and ambulation. Patients maintain a low calorie liquid diet for the first few postoperative days that is gradually changed to soft solid food diet within two or three weeks following the bariatric surgery. Later, patients should be monitored for postoperative complications. Hypertension, diabetes, dumping syndrome, gastrointestinal and psychosomatic disorders are among the most important medical conditions discussed in this review. | Abd Elrazek Mohammad Ali Abd Elrazek Abduh Elsayed Mohamed Elbanna Shymaa E Bilasy | 2014 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2014，6，11： | 9 |
| 10 | Pancreatic cancer: Advances in treatment显示文摘Pancreatic cancer is a leading cause of cancer mortality and the incidence of this disease is expected to continue increasing.While patients with pancreatic cancer have traditionally faced a dismal prognosis,over the past several years various advances in diagnosis and treatment have begun to positively impact this disease.Identification of effective combinations of existing chemotherapeutic agents,such as the FOLFIRINOX and the gemcitabine+nab-paclitaxel regimen,has improved survival for selected patients although concerns regarding their toxicity profiles remain.A better understanding of pancreatic carcinogenesis has identified several pre-malignant precursor lesions,such as pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias,intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms,and cystic neoplasms.Imaging technology has also evolved dramatically so as to allow early detection of these lesions and thereby facilitate earlier management.Surgery remains a cornerstone of treatment for patients with resectable pancreatic tumors,and advances in surgical technique have allowed patients to undergo resection with decreasing perioperative morbidity and mortality.Surgery has also become feasible in selected patients with borderline resectable tumors as a result of neoadjuvant therapy.Furthermore,pancreatectomy involving vascular reconstruction and pancreatectomy with minimally invasive techniques have demonstrated safety without significantly compromising oncologic outcomes.Lastly,a deeper understanding of molecular aberrations contributing to the development of pancreatic cancer shows promise for future development of more targeted and safe therapeutic agents. | Somala Mohammed George Van Buren Ⅱ William E Fisher | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，28： | 8 |
| 11 | Development of an Arabic version of the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire as a tool to study eye diseases patients in Egypt显示文摘AIM:To develop and test an Arabic version of the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire-25(NEI-VFQ-25).METHODS:NEI-VFQ-25 was translated into Arabic according to WHO translation guidelines. We enrolled adult consenting patients with bilateral chronic eye diseases who presented to 14 hospitals across Egypt from October to December 2012, and documented their clinical findings. Psychometric properties were then tested using STATA.RESULTS:We recruited 379 patients, whose mean age was(54.5±15)y. Of 46.2% were males, 227 had cataract,31 had glaucoma, 23 had retinal detachment, 37 had diabetic retinopathy, and 61 had miscellaneous visual defects. Non-response rate and the floor and ceiling numbers of the Arabic version(ARB-VFQ-25) were calculated. Internal consistency was high in all subscales(except general health), with Cronbach-α ranging from0.702-0.911. Test-retest reliability was high(intraclass correlation coefficient 0.79).CONCLUSION:RB-VFQ-25 isareliableandvalidtool for assessing visual functions of Arabic speaking patients. However, some questions had high non-response rates and should be substituted by available alternatives. Our results support the importance of including self-reported visual functions as part of routine ophthalmologic examination. | Nizar Saleh Abdelfattah Mohamed Amgad Ahmed A Salama Marina E Israel Ghada A Elhawary Ahmed E Radwan Mohamed M Elgayar Tamer M EL Nakhal Islam T Elkhateb Heba A Hashem Doha K Embaby Amira A Elabd Reem K Elwy Magdi S Yacoub Hamdy Salem Mohamed Abdel-Baqy Ahmad Kassem | 2014 | International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition)2014，7，5： | 8 |
| 12 | Model combining pre-transplant tumor biomarkers and tumor size shows more utility in predicting hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence and survival than the BALAD models显示文摘AIM To assess the performance of BALAD, BALAD-2 and their component biomarkers in predicting outcome of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) patients after liver transplant.METHODS BALAD score and BALAD-2 class are derived from bilirubin, albumin, alpha-fetoprotein(AFP), Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive AFP(AFP-L3), and des-gammacarboxyprothrombin(DCP). Pre-transplant AFP, AFP-L3 and DCP were measured in 113 patients transplanted for HCC from 2000 to 2008. Hazard ratios(HR) for recurrence and death were calculated. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were conducted. C-statistics were used to compare biomarker-based to predictive models. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 12.2 years, 38 patients recurred and 87 died. The HRs for recurrence in patients with elevated AFP, AFP-L3, and DCP defined by BALAD cut-off values were 2.42(1.18-5.00), 1.86(0.98-3.52), and 2.83(1.42-5.61), respectively. For BALAD, the HRs for recurrence and death per unit increased score were 1.48(1.15-1.91) and 1.59(1.28-1.97). For BALAD-2, the HRs for recurrence and death per unit increased class were 1.45(1.06-1.98) and 1.38(1.09-1.76). For recurrence prediction, the combination of three biomarkers had the highest c-statistic of 0.66 vs. 0.64, 0.61, 0.53, and 0.53 for BALAD, BALAD-2, Milan, and UCSF, respectively. Similarly, for death prediction, the combination of three biomarkers had the highest c-statistic of 0.66 vs 0.65,0.61, 0.52, and 0.50 for BALAD, BALAD-2, Milan, and UCSF. A new model combining biomarkers with tumor size at the time of transplant(S-LAD) demonstrated the highest predictive capability with c-statistics of 0.71 and 0.69 for recurrence and death. CONCLUSION BALAD and BALAD-2 are valid in transplant HCC patients, but less predictive than the three biomarkers in combination or the three biomarkers in combination with maximal tumor diameter(S-LAD). | Nicha Wongjarupong Gabriela M Negron-Ocasio Roongruedee Chaiteerakij Benyam D Addissie Essa A Mohamed Kristin C Mara William S Harmsen J Paul Theobald Brian E Peters Joseph G Balsanek Melissa M Ward Nasra H Giama Sudhakar K Venkatesh Denise M Harnois Michael R Charlton Hiroyuki Yamada Alicia Algeciras-Schimnich Melissa R Snyder Terry M Therneau Lewis R Roberts | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，12： | 5 |
| 13 | Gingival-derived mesenchymal stem cells:An endless resource for regenerative dentistry显示文摘The gingiva, the masticatory portion of the oral mucosa, is excised and discarded frequently during routine dental treatments and following tooth extraction, dental crown lengthening, gingivectomy and periodontal surgeries. Subsequent to excision, healing eventually happens in a short time period after gingival surgery. Clinically, the gingival tissue can be collected very easily and, in the laboratory, it is also very easy to isolate gingival-derived mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) from this discarded gingival tissue. GMSCs, a stem cell population within the lamina propria of the gingival tissue, can be isolated from attached and free gingiva, inflamed gingival tissu-es, and from hyperplastic gingiva. Comparatively, they constitute more attractive alternatives to other dental-derived mesenchymal stem cells due to the availability and accessibility of gingival tissues. They have unique immunomodulatory functions and well-documented self-renewal and multipotent differentiation properties. They display positive signals for Stro-1, Oct-4 and SSEA-4 pluripotency-associated markers, with some co-expre-ssing Oct4/Stro-1 or Oct-4/SSEA-4. They should be considered as the best stem cell source for cell-based therapies and regenerative dentistry. The clinical use of GMSCs for regenerative dentistry represents an attrac-tive therapeutic modality. However, numerous biological and technical challenges need to be addressed prior to considering transplantation approaches of GMSCs as clinically realistic therapies for humans. | Mohammed E Grawish | 2018 | World Journal of Stem Cells2018，10，9： | 5 |
| 14 | Early therapeutic effect of platelet-rich fibrin combined with allogeneic bone marrow-derived stem cells on rats’ critical-sized mandibular defects显示文摘BACKGROUND Critically sized bone defects represent a significant challenge to orthopaedic surgeons worldwide.These defects generally result from severe trauma or resection of a whole large tumour.Autologous bone grafts are the current gold standard for the reconstruction of such defects.However,due to increased patient morbidity and the need for a second operative site,other lines of treatment should be introduced.To find alternative unconventional therapies to manage such defects,bone tissue engineering using a combination of suitable bioactive factors,cells,and biocompatible scaffolds offers a promising new approach for bone regeneration.AIM To evaluate the healing capacity of platelet-rich fibrin(PRF)membranes seeded with allogeneic mesenchymal bone marrow-derived stem cells(BMSCs)on critically sized mandibular defects in a rat model.METHODS Sixty-three Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to bilateral bone defects of critical size in the mandibles created by a 5-mm diameter trephine bur.Rats were allocated to three equal groups of 21 rats each.Group I bone defects were irrigated with normal saline and designed as negative controls.Defects of group II were grafted with PRF membranes and served as positive controls,while defects of group III were grafted with PRF membranes seeded with allogeneic BMSCs.Seven rats from each group were killed at 1,2 and 4 wk.The mandibles were dissected and prepared for routine haematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining,Masson's trichrome staining and CD68 immunohistochemical staining.RESULTS Four weeks postoperatively,the percentage area of newly formed bone was significantly higher in group III(0.88±0.02)than in groups I(0.02±0.00)and II(0.60±0.02).The amount of granulation tissue formation was lower in group III(0.12±0.02)than in groups I(0.20±0.02)and II(0.40±0.02).The number of inflammatory cells was lower in group III(0.29±0.03)than in groups I(4.82±0.08)and II(3.09±0.07).CONCLUSION Bone regenerative quality of critically sized mandibular bone defects in rats was better promoted by PRF membranes seeded with BMSCs than with PRF membranes alone. | Muhammad A Awadeen Fouad A Al-Belasy Laila E Ameen Mohamad E Helal Mohammed E Grawish | 2020 | World Journal of Stem Cells2020，12，1： | 4 |
| 15 | SMILE intraoperative complications: incidence and management显示文摘AIM: To report the intraoperative complications associated with small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE) and their management. METHODS: This was a retrospective consecutive interventional clinical study, carried out on patients with myopia and myopic astigmatism, who underwent SMILE procedure. Type of intraoperative complications and their management were recorded. RESULTS: Our study comprised 282 eyes of 141 patients who were enrolled for SMILE surgeries. The intraoperative complications included lost vacuum(18 eyes, 6.38%), treatment decentration(6 eyes, 2.12%), wound bleeding(21 eyes, 7.45%), incomplete bubble separation(black islands)(3 eyes, 1.06%), the epithelial defects(15 eyes, 5.32%). Incision tear(27 eyes, 9.57%), lenticule adherence to the cap(6 eyes, 2.12%), and cap perforation occurred in 2 eyes(0.7%). CONCLUSION: Although SMILE is a promising technique for the correction of myopia and myopic astigmatism with predictable, efficient, safe refractive and visual outcomes, complications can occur. However, most of them are related to inexperience and are included in the learning curve of the technique. More studies with a bigger number of eyes are required to efficiently evaluate the intraoperative complications and standardize their management strategies. | Abdelmonem M Hamed Mohamed Amin Heikal Tarek T.Soliman Ahmed Daifalla Khaled E Said-Ahmed | 2019 | International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition)2019，12，2： | 4 |
| 16 | Pseudomyxoma peritonei显示文摘Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is an uncommon 'bor-derline malignancy' generally arising from a perforated appendiceal epithelial tumour. Optimal treatment involves a combination of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). Controversy persists regarding the pathological classification and its prognostic value. Computed tomography scanning is the optimal preoperative staging technique. Tumour marker elevations correlate with worse prognosis and increased recurrence rates. Following CRS with HIPEC, 5-year survival ranges from 62.5% to 100% for low grade, and 0%-65% for high grade disease. Treat-ment related morbidity and mortality ranges from 12 to 67.6%, and 0 to 9%, respectively. Surgery and HIPEC are the optimal treatment for PMP which is at best a 'borderline' peritoneal malignancy. | Katharine E Bevan Faheez Mohamed Brendan J Moran | 2010 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2010，2，1： | 4 |
| 17 | Viral respiratory infections among Hajj pilgrims in 2013显示文摘Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus(MERS-Co V) has emerged in the Arabian Gulf region, with its epicentre in Saudi Arabia, the host of the ‘Hajj' which is the world's the largest mass gathering. Transmission of MERS-Co V at such an event could lead to its rapid worldwide dissemination. Therefore, we studied the frequency of viruses causing influenza-like illnesses(ILI) among participants in a randomised controlled trial at the Hajj 2013. We recruited 1038 pilgrims from Saudi Arabia, Australia and Qatar during the first day of Hajj and followed them closely for four days. A nasal swab was collected from each pilgrim who developed ILI. Respiratory viruses were detected using multiplex RT-PCR. ILI occurred in 112/1038(11%) pilgrims. Their mean age was 35 years, 49(44%) were male and 35(31%) had received the influenza vaccine pre-Hajj. Forty two(38%) pilgrims had laboratory-confirmed viral infections; 28(25%) rhinovirus, 5(4%) influenza A, 2(2%) adenovirus, 2(2%) human coronavirus OC43/229 E, 2(2%) parainfluenza virus 3, 1(1%) parainfluenza virus 1, and 2(2%) dual infections. No MERS-Co V was detected in any sample. Rhinovirus was the commonest cause of ILI among Hajj pilgrims in 2013. Infection control and appropriate vaccination are necessary to prevent transmission of respiratory viruses at Hajj and other mass gatherings. | Osamah Barasheed Harunor Rashid Mohammad Alfelali Mohamed Tashani Mohammad Azeem Hamid Bokhary Nadeen Kalantan Jamil Samkari Leon Heron Jen Kok Janette Taylor Haitham El Bashir Ziad A.Memish Elizabeth Haworth Edward C.Holmes Dominic E Dwyer Atif Asghar Robert Booy | 2014 | Virologica Sinica2014，29，6： | 3 |
| 18 | Interaction of insulin with prokinetic drugs in STZ-induced diabetic mice显示文摘AIM:To study the possible interactions of metoclopramide,domperidone and erythromycin in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice treated with insulin by various parameters.METHODS:Effects of the individual as well as combined drugs were studied in diabetic mice via estimation of the blood glucose and serum insulin levels,small intestinal transit(SIT),gastric emptying(GE),xylose absorption and glucose tolerance tests.Groups were given insulin 2 IU/kg s.c.,metoclopramide 20 mg/kg p.o.,domperidone 20 mg/kg p.o.and erythromycin 6 mg/kg p.o.individually and in combination.There were also normal and diabetic control groups.The first set of experiments was carried out to investigate the subchronic effect on blood glucose and serum insulin levels in diabetic mice of one week of daily dose administration of the tested drugs individually as well as the combination of insulin with each prokinetic drug.The other five sets of experiments were carried out to investigate the acute effect of a single dose of each drug individually and in combination on blood glucose and serum insulin levels,SIT,GE,oral xylose absorption and glucose tolerance tests.RESULTS:The study included the prokinetic drugs metoclopramide(20 mg/kg),domperidone(20 mg/kg) and erythromycin(6 mg/kg),as well as insulin(2 IU/kg),which was individually effective in decreasing SIT,enhancing GE and increasing xylose absorption significantly in diabetic mice.Erythromycin tended to decrease blood glucose level and increase serum insulin level after 1 wk of daily administration in diabetic mice.Erythromycin potentiated the effect of insulin on blood glucose level and serum insulin level whereas other prokinetic agents failed to do so after repeated dose administration in diabetic mice.Metoclopramide or erythromycin in combination with insulin significantly decreased SIT,in diabetic mice,to lower levels than with insulin alone.Administration of prokinetic drugs along with insulin antagonized the action of insulin on xylose absorption.These combinations also increased the rate of glucose absorption from the gut.CONCLUSION:The present study suggests that prokinetic drugs could potentially improve glycemic control in diabetic gastroparesis by allowing a more predictable absorption of nutrients,matched to the action of exogenous insulin.The use of prokinetics,such as erythromycin,may be interesting in the clinic in decreasing the need for insulin in diabetic patients.The dose of insulin may be safely decreased with erythromycin in chronic treatments. | Mohamed A Fouad Shalaby Hekma A Abd El Latif Mostafa E El Sayed | 2013 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics2013，4，2： | 3 |
| 19 | Percutaneous aspiration and drainage with adjuvant medical therapy for treatment of hepatic hydatid cysts显示文摘AIM:To determine the efficacy and success of percutaneous aspiration irrigation and reaspiration(PAIR) in the management of hepatic hydatidosis.METHODS:Twenty-six patients with 32 hepatic hydatid cysts had PAIR.Twenty-two patients received at least 2 wk of drug therapy before the procedure was carried out to reduce the risk of recurrence from spillage during the procedure.The procedure was performed under local anesthesia with a 19-gauge 20 cm long needle,the cyst was punctured,cystic content(approximately 30 mL) was aspirated by a 12-14 F pigtail catheter and aspirated fluids were sent for analysis.Once the cyst was almost empty,two-thirds of the net amount of material aspirated was replaced by hypertonic saline and left in the cavity for about 30 min,with the catheter left in place for reaspiration of most of the fluid.When the amount of fluid drained was less than 10 mL per 24 h,the drainage catheter was removed.RESULTS:All 32 cysts showed evidence of immediate collapse after completion of the procedure,and before discharge from hospital,ultrasound examination showed fluid reaccumulation in all cysts.Serial follow-up showed a progressive decrease in the size and change in the appearance of cysts.To confirm the sterility of these cystic cavities,seven cysts were reaspirated on average 3 mo after the procedure.Investigations revealed no viable scolices.CONCLUSION:PAIR using hypertonic saline is very effective and safe with proper precautions. | Mohammed I Yasawy Abdelrahman E Mohammed Sammak Bassam Mohammed A Karawi Sohail Shariq | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，5： | 3 |
| 20 | Toxicity assessment of polyethylene microplastics in combination with a mix of emerging pollutants on Physalaemus cuvieri tadpoles显示文摘Studies in recent years have shown that aquatic pollution by microplastics(MPs)can be considered to pose additional stress to amphibian populations.However,our knowledge of how MPs affect amphibians is very rudimentary,and even more limited is our understanding of their effects in combination with other emerging pollutants.Thus,we aimed to evaluate the possible toxicity of polyethylene MPs(PE-MPs)(alone or in combination with a mix of pollutants)on the health of Physalaemus cuvieri tadpoles.After 30 days of exposure,multiple biomarkers were measured,including morphological,biometric,and developmental indices,behavioral parameters,mutagenicity,cytotoxicity,antioxidant and cholinesterase responses,as well as the uptake and accumulation of PE-MPs in animals.Based on the results,there was no significant change in any of the parameters measured in tadpoles exposed to treatments,but induced stress was observed in tadpoles exposed to PE-MPs combined with themixture of pollutants,reflecting significant changes in physiological and biochemical responses.Through principal component analysis(PCA)and integrated biomarker response(IBR)assessment,effects induced by pollutants in each test group were distinguished,confirming that the exposure of P.cuvieri tadpoles to the PE-MPs in combination with a mix of emerging pollutants induces an enhanced stress response,although the uptake and accumulation of PE-MPs in these animalswas reduced.Thus,our study provides newinsight into the danger to amphibians of MPs coexisting with other pollutants in aquatic environments. | Amanda Pereira da Costa Araújo Thiarlen Marinho da Luz Mohamed Ahmed Ibrahim Ahmed Mir Mohammad Ali Md.Mostafizur Rahman Bojan Nataraj Daniela de Melo e Silva DamiàBarceló Guilherme Malafaia | 2023 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2023，，5： | 2 |
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