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| 1 | Burn injury prevention in low-and middleincome countries:scoping systematic review显示文摘Background:Burn injuries are a leading cause of morbidity and disability,with the burden of disease being disproportionately higher in low-and middle-income countries(LMIC).Burn prevention programmes have led to significant reductions in the incidence of burns in high-income countries.However,a previous systematic review published in 2015 highlighted that implementation and evaluation of similar programmes has been limited in LMIC.The objective of this scoping review and narrative synthesis was to summarise and understand the initiatives that have been carried out to reduce burn injuries in LMIC and their effectiveness.Methods:We aimed to identify publications that described studies of effectiveness of burn prevention interventions applied to any population within a LMIC and measured burn incidence or burns-related outcomes.Suitable publications were identified from three sources.Firstly,data was extracted from manuscripts identified in the systematic review published by Rybarczyk et al.We then performed a search for manuscripts on burn prevention interventions published between January 2015 and September 2020.Finally,we extracted data from two systematic reviews where burn evidence was not the primary outcome,which were identified by senior authors.A quality assessment and narrative synthesis of included manuscripts were performed.Results:In total,24 manuscripts were identified and categorized according to intervention type.The majority of manuscripts(n=16)described education-based interventions.Four manuscripts focused on environmental modification interventions and four adopted a mixedmethods approach.All of the education-based initiatives demonstrated improvements in knowledge relating to burn safety or first aid,however few measured the impact of their intervention on burn incidence.Four manuscripts described population-based educational interventions and noted reductions in burn incidence.Only one of the four manuscripts describing environmental modification interventions reported burns as a primary outcome measure,noting a reduction in burn incidence.All mixed-method interventions demonstrated some positive improvements in either burn incidence or burns-related safety practices.Conclusion:There is a lack of published literature describing large-scale burn prevention programmes in LMIC that can demonstrate sustained reductions in burn incidence.Populationlevel,collaborative projects are necessary to drive forward burn prevention through specific environmental or legislative changes and supplementary educational programmes. | Kate Price Kwang Chear Lee Katherine E.Woolley Henry Falk Michael Peck Richard Lilford Naiem Moiemen | 2021 | Burns & Trauma2021，9，1： | 4 |
| 2 | Heparin resistance in severe thermal injury:a prospective cohort study显示文摘Background:Low molecular-weight heparin(LMWH)is routinely administered to burn patients for thromboprophylaxis.Some studies have reported heparin resistance,yet the mechanism(s)and prevalence have not been systematically studied.We hypothesized that nucleosomes,composed of histone structures with associated DNA released from injured tissue and activated immune cells in the form of neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs or NETosis),neutralize LMWH resulting in suboptimal anticoagulation,assessed by reduction in anti-factor Xa activity.Methods:Blood was sampled from>15%total body surface area(TBSA)burn patients receiving LMWH on days 5,10 and 14.Peak anti-factor Xa(AFXa)activity,anti-thrombin(ATIII)activity,cellfree DNA(cfDNA)levels and nucleosome levels were measured.Mixed effects regression was adjusted for multiple confounders,including injury severity and ATIII activity,and was used to test the association between nucleosomes and AFXa.Results:A total of 30 patients with severe burns were included.Mean TBSA 43%(SD 17).Twentythree(77%)patients were affected by heparin resistance(defined by AFXa activity<0.2 IU/mL).Mean peak AFXa activity across samples was 0.18 IU/mL(SD 0.11).Mean ATIII was 81.9%activity(SD 20.4).Samples taken at higher LWMH doses were found to have significantly increased AFXa activity,though the effect was not observed at all doses,at 8000 IU no samples were heparin resistant.Nucleosome levels were negatively correlated with AFXa(r=−0.29,p=0.050)consistent with the hypothesis.The final model,with peak AFXa as the response variable,was adjusted for nucleosome levels(p=0.0453),ATIII activity(p=0.0053),LMWH dose pre-sample(p=0.0049),drug given(enoxaparin or tinzaparin)(p=0.03),and other confounders including severity of injury,age,gender,time point of sample.Conclusions:Heparin resistance is a prevalent issue in severe burns.Nucleosome levels were increased post-burn,and showed an inverse association with AFXa consistent with the hypothesis that they may interfere with the anticoagulant effect of heparin in vivo and contribute to heparin resistance.Accurate monitoring of AFXa activity with appropriate therapy escalation plans are recommended with dose adjustment following severe burn injury. | Liam D Cato Benjamin Bailiff Joshua Price Christos Ermogeneous Jon Hazeldine William Lester Gillian Lowe Christopher Wearn Jonathan RB Bishop Janet M Lord Naiem Moiemen Paul Harrison | 2021 | Burns & Trauma2021，9，1： | 3 |
| 3 | Reconstructive Surgery with a Dermal Regeneration Template: Clinical and Histologic Study显示文摘 | Naiem S. Moiemen Jonathan J. Staiano Nkemcho O. Ojeh Yi Thway James D. Frame | 2001 | Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery2001，，1： | 2 |
| 4 | A classification technique for recloser-fuse coordination in distribution systems with distributed generation power delivery显示文摘 | Naiem A F Hegazy Y Abdelaziz A Y | 2012 | IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery2012，27，1： | 1 |
| 5 | A classification technique for recloser-fuse coordination in distribution systems with distributed generation power delivery显示文摘 | Naiem A F Hegazy Y Abdelaziz A Y et al | 2012 | IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery2012，27，1： | 1 |
| 6 | Reconstructive Surgery with Integra Dermal Regeneration Template: Histologic Study, Clinical Evaluation, and Current Practice显示文摘 | Naiem S. Moiemen Evangelia Vlachou Jonathan J. Staiano Yi Thawy James D. Frame | 2006 | Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery . 2006 (7S S)2006，，： | 1 |
| 7 | Classification technique fiw recloser-lhse coordinalion in distribution systems with distributed generation显示文摘 | Naiem A F Hegazy Y Abdelaziz A Y Elsharkawy M A A | 2011 | IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery2011，27，1： | 1 |
| 8 | Acetylcholine recep- tor antibody titer and HLA B8 antigen in myasthenia gravis 显示文摘 | Keesey J Naiem F Lindstrom J | 1982 | Arch Neurol1982，39，： | 1 |
| 9 | A classification technique for recloser-fuse coordination in distribution systems with distributed generation power delivery显示文摘 | Naiem A F Hegazy Y Abdelaziz A Y | 2012 | IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery2012，27，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Percutaneous suture- mediated closure versus surgical arteriotomy in endovascular aortic aneurism repair显示文摘 | Etezadi V Katzen BT Naiem A | 2011 | J Vase Interv Radiol2011，22，2： | 1 |
| 11 | Analysis of the dimensions of the labial bone wall in the anterior maxilla:a cone-beam computed tomography study显示文摘 | El Nahass H N Naiem S | 2015 | Clin Oral Implants Res2015，26，4： | 1 |
| 12 | A classification technique for recloser-fuse coordination in distribution systems with distributed generation power delivery 显示文摘 | NAIEM A F HEGAZY Y ABDELAZIZ A Y | 2012 | IEEE Trans on Power Delivery2012，27，1： | 1 |
| 13 | Patient experience of scar assessment and the use of scar assessment tools during burns rehabilitation:a qualitative study显示文摘Background:Scar assessment plays a key role during burns aftercare,to monitor scar remodelling and patients’psychosocial well-being.To aid assessment,subjective scar assessment scales are available that use health-care professionals’and patients’opinions to score scar characteristics.The subjective scales are more widely used in clinical practice over objective scar measures.To date,there is no research that considers patients’views on scar assessment and the role of subjective and objective assessment tools.Therefore,the aim of this qualitative study was to explore patients’perspectives on scar assessment and the utility of scar assessment tools during burns rehabilitation.Methods:Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 adult burn patients who were being reviewed in clinic for scarring.Participants were recruited via their clinical care team and research nurses at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital,Birmingham,UK.Topics covered during interview included patient experience of scar assessment,the use of scar assessment tools and discussion surrounding important factors to be addressed when assessing scars.A thematic analysis using the Framework Method was conducted.Results:Participants identified key subthemes that contribute towards the overarching theme of patient-centred scar assessment.These are:patient-led care;continuity in care;learning how to self-manage scarring;and psychological assessment.Links were demonstrated between these subthemes and the remaining themes that describe scar assessment strategies,indicating their potential patient-centred contributions.The subjective opinions of clinicians were found to be valued above the use of subjective or objective scar assessment tools.Scar assessment scales were perceived to be a beneficial method for self-reflection in relation to psychosocial function-ing.However,minimal feedback and review of completed assessment scales led to uncertainty regarding their purpose.Patients perceived objective tools to be of primary use for health-care professionals,though the measures may aid patients’understanding of scar properties.Conclusions:Scar assessment tools should be used to support,rather than replace,health-care professionals’subjective judgements of scarring.Adapting the way in which clinicians introduce and use scar assessment tools,according to patient needs,can support a patient-centred approach to scar assessment. | Kate Price Naiem Moiemen Laura Nice Jonathan Mathers | 2021 | Burns & Trauma2021，9，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Ensuring that the outcome domains proposed for use in burns research are relevant to adult burn patients:a systematic review of qualitative research evidence显示文摘Background:There have been several attempts to define core outcome domains for use in research focused on adult burns.Some have been based in expert opinion,whilst others have used primary qualitative research to understand patients’perspectives on outcomes.To date there has not been a systematic review of qualitative research in burns to identify a comprehensive list of patientcentred outcome domains.We therefore conducted a systematic review of qualitative research studies in adult burns.Methods:We searched multiple databases for English-language,peer-reviewed,qualitative research papers.We used search strategies devised using the SPIDER tool for qualitative synthesis.Our review utilized an iterative three-step approach:(1)outcome-focused coding;(2)development of descriptive accounts of outcome-relevant issues;and(3)revisiting studies and the broader theoretical literature in order to frame the review findings.Results:Forty-one articles were included.We categorized papers according to their primary focus.The category with the most papers was adaptation to life following burn injury(n=13).We defined 19 outcome domains across the 41 articles:(1)sense of self;(2)emotional and psychological morbidity;(3)sensory;(4)scarring and scar characteristics;(5)impact on relationships;(6)mobility and range of joint motion;(7)work;(8)activities of daily living and self-care;(9)treatment burden;(10)engagement in activities;(11)wound healing and infection;(12)other physical manifestations;(13)financial impact;(14)impact on spouses and family members;(15)analgesia and side effects;(16)cognitive skills;(17)length of hospital stay;(18)access to healthcare;and(19)speech and communication.We suggest that sense of self is a core concern for patients that,to date,has not been clearly conceptualized in the burns outcome domain literature.Conclusions:This outcome domain framework identifies domains that are not covered in previous attempts to outline core outcome domains for adult burn research.It does so with reference to existing theoretical perspectives from the sociology and psychology of medicine.We propose that this framework can be used as a basis to ensure that outcome assessment is patient-centred.Sense of self requires further consideration as a core outcome domain. | Jonathan Mathers Naiem Moiemen Amy Bamford Fay Gardiner Joanne Tarver | 2020 | Burns & Trauma2020，8，1： | 0 |
| 15 | Nitrate contamination in groundwater of Kabul Province,Afghanistan:Reasons behind and conceptual management framework discourse显示文摘Groundwater contamination has been on the rise in Afghanistan.It has become a major concern among the policy makers.This paper aims to propose practical options for the management of nitrate contamination in one of Afghanistan’s groundwater polluted provinces,Kabul.The management framework utilized Mann-Kendall and Sen Slope tests to detect nitrate trend and geostatistical analysis option in Arc GIS 10.5 to assess the nitrate change.To explore the impact of various management options,a number of legislative documents were reviewed.The results indicate a decline in the nitrate storage of Kabul aquifers from 108 mg/L in 2005 to 0.044 mg/L in 2010.Considering the whole period of the study,the results show that the nitrate volumes remain lower than the nitrate concentration range proposed by World Health Organization(50 mg/L).Groundwater dynamics in Kabul aquifers were influenced by nitrate derived from precipitation and nitrate input from root zones in agricultural areas.Finally,different management options for groundwater pollution from nitrate and corresponding authorities,incorporated urban,rural and agriculture,were proposed.It is expected that this study will help policy makers to better manage the nitrate storage of Kabul aquifers by implementing the proposed management options. | JAWADI Hussain Ali IQBAL Mohammad Wasim NASERI Mohammad FARAHMAND Asadullah AZIZI Abdul Haseeb EQRAR Mohammad Naiem | 2022 | Journal of Mountain Science2022，19，5： | 0 |
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