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| 1 | Drug-related problems among type II diabetes mellitus patients with hypertension: a cross-sectional study显示文摘Patients with type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and hypertension(HTN)are at increased threat for long experiencing various problems related to medicine as they frequently received different medications for managing their condition.Recently,there were no studies done locally on drug-related problems(DRPs)among T2DM patients with HTN.Thus,this study aims to assess the DRPs among T2DM patients with HTN admitted at Kibuye Referral Hospital(KRH).DRPs were drug safety problems,drug effectiveness problems and other drug problems.Methods:A retrospective cross-sectional study involved patients'files with T2DM and HTN,who were admitted at KRH from January 2013 to December 2017.The identification and classification of DRPs were based on pharmaceutical care network Europe(PCNE)classification system version 8.02.A simple random sampling technique was used to choose study participants from the target population.Data that met inclusion and exclusion criteria were analyzed using STATA version 13.The Fisher exact test(bivariate analysis)and logistic regression(multivariate)were used to test association and p-value≤0.05 was considered as statistically significant.An adjusted odd ratio(AOR)with a confidence interval(CI)of 95% was determined using binary logistic regression.Results:Findings revealed that the prevalence of DRPs was 81.29%(313/385)and most of them each patient had at least two DRPs(69.05%).The patients aged above 55 years old were more likely to develop DRPs than those with age below 35 years(AOR=1.2;P=0.02;95%CI:0.2-2.3).Nevertheless,there was no significant association between DRPs and middle age(between 35 and 54 age of old).The patients who consumed more than or equal to 5 drugs were 2.4 times more likely to develop DRPs than those who took the number of medicines less than 5(AOR=15.4;P<0.001;95%CI:8.8-26.8).Also,traditional medicines use(AOR=1.9;P=0.016;95%CI:1.1-3.5)and having drug-related complication(AOR=2.4;P<0.001;95%CI:1.9-3)had shown significant associations.The total causes of DRPs identified were 1626 and most causes of DRPs were arisen from drug use(45.01%)and prescribing(37.83%).The drug/dose selections were the most frequent causes of DRPs(36.97%).Conclusion:Since the prevalence of DRPs were relatively high,various factors influencing DRPs were established and most causes of DRPs were arising from drug use&drug prescribing among T2DM patients with HTN.Early detection needed to enhance patient’s life quality.Conducting studies in other hospitals needed to establish the national planning of DRPs to eradicate DRPs among patients T2DM with HTN. | Joseph Nzayisenga Nicholas Njau Ngomi John Nyiligira | 2020 | Life Research2020，3，1： | 2 |
| 2 | Electrochemical reduction of nickel ions from dilute solutions 显示文摘 | NJAU K N JANSSEN L J | 1995 | Journal of Applied Electrochemistry1995，25，10： | 1 |
| 3 | Generalised derivation of the Angstrom and Angstr6m-Prescott equations显示文摘 | Njau E C | 1996 | Renewable Energy1996，7，1： | 1 |
| 4 | Dissolution of perfluorinated ion containing polymers 显示文摘 | Njau K N Woude M V Visser G J | 2000 | Chem Eng J2000，79，： | 1 |
| 5 | Electrochemical Reduction of Chromate Ions from Dilute Artificial Solutions in a GBC-reactor显示文摘 | K N Njau J M Hosseini Janssen L J J | 1999 | J Appl Electrochem1999，29，4： | 1 |
| 6 | The CD28/B7 pathway:a novel regulator of plasma cell function显示文摘 | Njau MN Jacob J | 2013 | Adv Exp Med Biol2013，785，： | 1 |
| 7 | The effect of opioid dependence on conventional and novel biochemical parameters of bone metabolism显示文摘 | Balodimos S Nikolaou K Njau S | 2015 | Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse2015，41，6： | 1 |
| 8 | Implementation of an insecticide-treated net subsidy scheme under a publicprivate partnership for malaria control in Tanzania-challenges in implementation 显示文摘 | Njau R J de Savigny D Gilson L | 2009 | Malar J2009，8，： | 1 |
| 9 | Patients' level of satisfaction on quality of health care at Mwananyamala hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania 显示文摘 | Khamis K Njau B | 2014 | BMC Health Serv Res2014，14，： | 1 |
| 10 | The CD28/B7 pathway: a novel regulator of plasma cell function显示文摘 | Njau MN Jacob J | 2013 | Adv Exp Med Biol2013，785，： | 1 |
| 11 | Electrochemical removal of nickel ions from industrial wastewater显示文摘 | K.N Njau M.vd Woude G.J Visser L.J.J Janssen | 2000 | Chemical Engineering Journal2000，，3： | 1 |
| 12 | Determination of opiates in postmortem bone and bone marrow 显示文摘 | Raikos N Tsoukali H Njau SN | 2001 | Forensic Sci Int2001，123，23： | 1 |
| 13 | CTLA4 expression is an indicator and regulator of steady-state CIM FoxP3 + T (;ell home- ostasis显示文摘 | Tang AL Teijaro JR Njau MN | 2008 | Journal of immunology (Baltimore Md: 1950)2008，181，3： | 1 |
| 14 | CTLA4 expression is an indicator and regulator of steady-state CD4+Fox P3+T cell homeostasis显示文摘 | Tang AL Teijaro JR Njau MN | 2008 | J Immunol2008，181，3： | 1 |
| 15 | Reduction of ferric ions in dilution in a semi-technical scale GBC reactor显示文摘 | Njau K N Vander W J Janssen L J J | 1998 | J Appl Electrochem1998，28，： | 1 |
| 16 | Assessment of water pollution in the catchment area of Lake Victoria, Tanzania显示文摘 | Scheren P A G M Bosboom J C Njau K | 1995 | Journal of Eastern African Research and Development1995，25，： | 1 |
| 17 | Adult sudden death caused by aspiration of chewing gum显示文摘 | Njau S | 2004 | Forensic Sic Int2004，139，23： | 1 |
| 18 | The costs of intro- ducing artemisinin-based combination therapy: evidence from district- wide implementation in rural Tanzania 显示文摘 | Njau JD Goodman CA Kachur SP | 2008 | Malar J2008，7，1： | 1 |
| 19 | Electrochemical removal of nickel ions from industrial wastewater显示文摘 | Njau K N Woude M vd Visser G J | 2000 | Chemical Engineering J2000，79，： | 1 |
| 20 | Assessment of wa2ter pollution in t he catchment area of Lake Victoria , Tanzania显示文摘 | Scheren P A G M Bosboom J C Njau K | 1995 | Journal of Eastern African Research and Development1995，25，： | 1 |
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