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| 1 | Posterior interosseous nerve localization within the proximal forearm-a patient normalized parameter显示文摘AIM To provide a 'patient-normalized' parameter in the proximal forearm. METHODS Sixty-three cadaveric upper extremities from thirty-five cadavers were studied. A muscle splitting approach was utilized to locate the posterior interosseous nerve(PIN) at the point where it emerges from beneath the supinator. The supinator was carefully incised to expose the midpoint length of the nerve as it passes into the forearm while preserving the associated fascial connections, thereby preserving the relationship of the nerve with the muscle. We measured the transepicondylar distance(TED), PIN distance in the forearm's neutral rotation position, pronation position, supination position, and the nerve width. Two individuals performed measurements using a digital caliper with inter-observer and intraobserver blinding. The results were analyzed with the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test for paired samples. RESULTS In pronation, the PIN was within two confidence intervals of 1.0 TED in 95% of cases(range 0.7-1.3 TED); in neutral, within two confidence intervals of 0.84 TED in 95% of cases(range 0.5-1.1 TED); in supination,within two confidence intervals of 0.72 TED in 95% of cases(range 0.5-0.9 TED). The mean PIN distance from the lateral epicondyle was 100% of TED in a pronated forearm, 84% in neutral, and 72% in supination. Predictive accuracy was highest in supination; in all cases the majority of specimens(90.47%-95.23%) are within 2 cm of the forearm position-specific percentage of TED. When comparing right to left sides for TEDs with the signed Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test for paired samples as well as a significance test(with normal distribution), the P-value was 0.0357(significance-0.05) indicating a significant difference between the two sides.CONCLUSION This 'patient normalized' parameter localizes the PIN crossing a line drawn between the lateral epicondyle and the radial styloid. Accurate PIN localization will aid in diagnosis, injections, and surgical approaches. | Srinath Kamineni Crystal R Norgren Evan M Davidson Ellora P Kamineni Andrew S Deane | 2017 | World Journal of Orthopedics2017，8，4： | 2 |
| 2 | Nuclear trans- fer technology in mammalian cloning 显示文摘 | WOLF D P MITALIPOV S NORGREN R B | 2001 | Arch Med Res2001，32，： | 1 |
| 3 | Inter -society consensus for the management of peripheral arterial disease (TASCII) 显示文摘 | NORGREN L HIATT W R DORMANDY J A | 2007 | Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg2007，33，1： | 1 |
| 4 | Inter-socie- ty consensus for the management of peripheral arterial dis- ease (TASC II) 显示文摘 | Norgren L Hiatt W R Dormandy J A | 2007 | Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg2007，33，1： | 1 |
| 5 | Responses from parabrachial gustatory neuronsin behaving rats显示文摘 | Norgren R | 1990 | J Nearophysiol1990，63，4： | 1 |
| 6 | Taste pathways to hypothalamus and amygdala 显示文摘 | Norgren R | 1976 | J Comp Neurol1976，166，： | 1 |
| 7 | Gustatory afferents to ventral forebrain 显示文摘 | Norgren R | 1974 | Brain Res1974，81，： | 1 |
| 8 | Inter-socie- ty consensus for the management of peripheral arterial dis- ease (TASC II ) 显示文摘 | Norgren L Hiatt W R Dormandy J A | 2007 | J Vasc Surg2007，，： | 1 |
| 9 | Inter-Society Consensusfor the Management of Peripheral Arterial Disease(TASC II)显示文摘 | Norgren L Hiatt W R Dormandy JA | 2007 | Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg2007，45，： | 1 |
| 10 | Inter-Society Consensus for the management of peripheral arterial disease ( TASC ) 显示文摘 | Norgren L Hiatt W R Dormandy J A | 2007 | Int Angiol2007，45，： | 1 |
| 11 | TTF-1,a homeodomain gene required for diencephalic morphogenesis,is postnatally expressed in the neuroendoerine brain in a developmentally regulated and eell-speeife fashion显示文摘 | Lee B J Cho G J Norgren R | 2001 | Moleeular and Cellar Nenroseienee2001，17，1： | 1 |
| 12 | Inter-society consensus for the management of peripheral arterial disease (TASC Ⅱ) 显示文摘 | Norgren L Hiatt W R Dormandy J A | 2007 | J Vasc Surg2007，45，： | 1 |
| 13 | Inter-society con- sensus for the management of peripheral arterial disease ( TASC II )显示文摘 | Norgren L Hiatt W R Dormandy J A | 2007 | J Vasc Surg2007，45，： | 1 |
| 14 | Inter- Society Consensus for the Management of Peripheral Arterial Disease (TASC l] ) 显示文摘 | NORGREN L HIATT W R DORMANDY J A | 2007 | Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg2007，33，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Pontine gustatory activity is altered by electrical stimulation in the central nucleus of the amygdala显示文摘 | Lundy RF Jr Norgren R | 2001 | J Neurophysiol2001，85，2： | 1 |
| 16 | Type 1 diabetic serum inter- feres with pancreatic beta-cell Ca2 +-handling 显示文摘 | Dekki N Nilsson R Norgren S | 2007 | Biosei Rep2007，27，6： | 1 |
| 17 | Gustatory responses of neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract of behaving rats显示文摘 | Nakamura K Norgren R | 1991 | J Neurophysiol1991，66，4： | 1 |
| 18 | Inter- society consensus for the management of peripheral arterial disease ( TASC II) 显示文摘 | NORGREN L D HIATF W R DORMANDY J A | 2007 | J Vasc Surg2007，45，： | 1 |
| 19 | Oral sucrose stimulation increases accumbens dopamine in the rat显示文摘 | HAJNAL A SMITH GP NORGREN R | 2004 | Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol2004，286，1： | 1 |
| 20 | Accumbens dopamine mechanisms in sucrose intake显示文摘 | Hajnal A Norgren R | 2001 | Brain Res2001，904，： | 1 |
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