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| 1 | Hepatic echinococcosis:Clinical and therapeutic aspects显示文摘Echinococcosis or hydatid disease(HD)is a zoonosis caused by the larval stages of taeniid cestodes belonging to the genus Echinococcus.Hepatic echinococcosis is a life-threatening disease,mainly differentiated into alveolar and cystic forms,associated with Echinoccus multilocularis(E.multilocularis)and Echinococcus granulosus(E.granulosus)infection,respectively.Cystic echinococcosis(CE)has a worldwide distribution,while hepatic alveolar echinococcosis(AE)is endemic in the Northern hemisphere,including North America and several Asian and European countries,like France,Germany and Austria.E.granulosus young cysts are spherical,unilocular vesicles,consisting of an internal germinal layer and an outer acellular layer.Cyst expan-sion is associated with a host immune reaction and the subsequent development of a fibrous layer,called the pericyst;old cysts typically present internal septations and daughter cysts.E.multilocularis has a tumorlike,infiltrative behavior,which is responsible for tissue destruction and finally for liver failure.The liver is the main site of HD involvement,for both alveolar and cystic hydatidosis.HD is usually asymptomatic for a long period of time,because cyst growth is commonly slow;the most frequent symptoms are fatigue and abdominal pain.Patients may also present jaundice,hepatomegaly or anaphylaxis,due to cyst leakage or rupture.HD diagnosis is usually accomplished with the combined use of ultrasonography and immunodiagnosis;furthermore,the improvement of surgical techniques,the introduction of minimally invasive treatments[such as puncture,aspiration,injection,re-aspiration(PAIR)]and more effective drugs(such as benzoimidazoles)have deeply changed life expectancy and quality of life of patients with HD.The aim of this article is to provide an up-todate review of biological,diagnostic,clinical and therapeutic aspects of hepatic echinococcosis. | Giuseppe Nunnari Marilia R Pinzone Salvatore Gruttadauria Benedetto M Celesia Giordano Madeddu Giulia Malaguarnera Piero Pavone Alessandro Cappellani Bruno Cacopardo | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，13： | 72 |
| 2 | Gut microbiota in alcoholic liver disease: Pathogenetic role and therapeutic perspectives显示文摘Alcoholic liver disease(ALD) is the commonest cause of cirrhosis in many Western countries and it has a high rate of morbidity and mortality. The pathogenesis is characterized by complex interactions between metabolic intermediates of alcohol. Bacterial intestinal flora is itself responsible for production of endogenous ethanol through the fermentation of carbohydrates. The intestinal metabolism of alcohol produces a high concentration of toxic acetaldehyde that modifies gut permeability and microbiota equilibrium. Furthermore it causes direct hepatocyte damage. In patients who consume alcohol over a long period, there is a modification of gut microbiota and, in particular, an increment of Gram negative bacteria. This causes endotoxemia and hyperactivation of the immune system. Endotoxin is a constituent of Gram negative bacteria cell walls. Two types of receptors, cluster of differentiation 14 and Toll-like receptors-4, present on Kupffer cells, recognize endotoxins. Several studies have demonstrated the importance of gut-liver axis and new treatments have been studied in recent years to reduce progression of ALD modifying gut microbiota. It has focused attention on antibiotics, prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics. | Giulia Malaguarnera Maria Giordano Giuseppe Nunnari Gaetano Bertino Michele Malaguarnera | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，44： | 30 |
| 3 | Diagnostic and therapeutic management of hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is an increasing health problem, representing the second cause of cancerrelated mortality worldwide. The major risk factorfor HCC is cirrhosis. In developing countries, viral hepatitis represent the major risk factor, whereas in developed countries, the epidemic of obesity, diabetes and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis contribute to the observed increase in HCC incidence. Cirrhotic patients are recommended to undergo HCC surveillance by abdominal ultrasounds at 6-mo intervals. The current diagnostic algorithms for HCC rely on typical radiological hallmarks in dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging, while the use of α-fetoprotein as an independent tool for HCC surveillance is not recommended by current guidelines due to its low sensitivity and specificity. Early diagnosis is crucial for curative treatments. Surgical resection, radiofrequency ablation and liver transplantation are considered the cornerstones of curative therapy, while for patients with more advanced HCC recommended options include sorafenib and trans-arterial chemoembolization. A multidisciplinary team, consisting of hepatologists, surgeons, radiologists, oncologists and pathologists, is fundamental for a correct management. In this paper, we review the diagnostic and therapeutic management of HCC, with a focus on the most recent evidences and recommendations from guidelines. | Francesco Bellissimo Marilia Rita Pinzone Bruno Cacopardo Giuseppe Nunnari | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，42： | 18 |
| 4 | The Relationship between Intrahepatic Distribution of Hepatitis B Virus Core Antigen and Serum ALT, HBV DNA Levels and HBeAg Status显示文摘Objective The clinical significance of differential distribution of hepatitis B virus(HBV)nucleocapsid antigen in hepatocytes remains unknown.The goal of this study is to determine the relationship between distinct HBV core antigen distribution pattern and alanine transaminase(ALT),liver histological inflammatory activity grades,serum HBeAg status and HBV DNA level.Methods Total of 958 cases with chronic hepatitis B were recruited into this study.Liver function tests,serum HBV DNA level,serological HBV markers and liver immunohistochemistry were examined according to the conventional instructions.Chi Square tests were performed to analyze the differences among these groups.Results It was found that 552(58%)cases were tested positive for HBV core antigen by immunohistochemical staining.Cytoplasmic hepatitis B core antigen(HBcAg)expression correlated with ALT level and serum HBV DNA and liver inflammatory activity scores,however,nuclear HBcAg expression in hepatocytes was associated with normal ALT level,lower liver inflammatory activity score and higher serum HBV DNA level and rate of HBeAg positivity.Both nuclear and cytoplasmic HBcAg expression in hepatocytes associated with a middle ALT level and liver inflammatory activity score,higher rate of serum detectable HBeAg and a higher HBV DNA level.However,undetectable core antigen was related to a lower ALT level and histological inflammatory activity grade,lower positive HBeAg rate and HBV DNA level.Conclusions Undetectable liver HBcAg is associated with HBV clearance,ALT normalization and hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg)seroconversion,and cytoplasmic HBcAg expression associated with higher hepatic inflammatory activity.However,nuclear HBcAg expression correlates with immune tolerance characterized with normal ALT and lower liver inflammatory activity,higher HBV replication level and higher rate of HBeAg positivity. | Qing He Qi-yuan Tang Xiao-hua Le De-liang Lv Xiang-mei Zhang Fei-jian Ao Yi-min Tang Shan Huang John Nunnari Gui-lin Yang | 2012 | 国际感染病学(电子版)2012，1，2： | 4 |
| 5 | Toxic hepatitis in occupational exposure to solvents显示文摘The liver is the main organ responsible for the metabolism of drugs and toxic chemicals, and so is the primary target organ for many organic solvents. Work activities with hepatotoxins exposures are numerous and, moreover, organic solvents are used in various industrial processes. Organic solvents used in different industrial processes may be associated with hepatotoxicity. Several factors contribute to liver toxicity; among these are: species differences, nutritional condition, genetic factors, interaction with medications in use, alcohol abuse and interaction, and age. This review addresses the mechanisms of hepatotoxicity. The main pathogenic mechanisms responsible for functional and organic damage caused by solvents are: inflammation, dysfunction of cytochrome P450, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. The health impact of exposure to solvents in the workplace remains an interesting and worrying question for professional health work. | Giulia Malaguarnera Emanuela Cataudella Maria Giordano Giuseppe Nunnari Giuseppe Chisari Mariano Malaguarnera | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，22： | 2 |
| 6 | Mitochondria: In Sickness and in Health显示文摘 | Jodi Nunnari Anu Suomalainen | 2012 | Cell2012，，6： | 2 |
| 7 | Inversion of SAR data in active volcanic areas by optimization techniques显示文摘 | Nunnari G Puglisi G Guglielmino F | 2005 | Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics2005，12，： | 1 |
| 8 | Modelling SO2 concentration at a point with statistical approaches显示文摘 | NUNNARI G DORLING S SCHLINK U | 2004 | Environmental Modelling & Software2004，，19： | 1 |
| 9 | The molecular mechanism and cellular functions of mitochondrial division显示文摘 | Laura L. Lackner Jodi M. Nunnari | 2008 | BBA - Molecular Basis of Disease2008，，12： | 1 |
| 10 | Eosinophilic gastroenteritis in a young man显示文摘 | Famularo G Prantera C Nunnari J | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 11 | Modeling SO2 concentration at a point with statistical approaches 显示文摘 | Nunnari G Doting S Schink U | 2004 | Environmental Modeling Software2004，，19： | 1 |
| 12 | Development of sarcoidosis during treatment for chronic hepatitis C with pegylated interferon alfa-2a and ribavirin:case report and literature review显示文摘 | Cacopardo B Pinzone MR Nunnari G | 2013 | Infez Med2013，21，1： | 1 |
| 13 | Small molecule inhibitors of mitochon-drial division: Tools that translate basic biological research into medicine显示文摘 | LACKNER LL NUNNARI J | 2010 | Chem Biol2010，17，6： | 1 |
| 14 | Association between raised IL-8 Serum levels and resistance to combined peg-interferon plus ribavirin therapy in HCV + active chronic hepatitis显示文摘 | Cacopardo B Nigro L Nunnari G | 2008 | Infez Med2008，16，2： | 1 |
| 15 | Soft compu-ting for greenhouse climate control显示文摘 | Caponetto R Fortuna L Nunnari G | | 0，，06： | 1 |
| 16 | Hepatocellular carcinoma in HIV positive patients显示文摘 | Nunnari G Berretta M Pinzone MR | 2012 | Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci2012，16，9： | 1 |
| 17 | Diffusion tensor ima- ging and neuropsychologic assessment in aphasic stroke显示文摘 | Nunnari D Bonanno L Bramanti P | 2014 | J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis2014，23，10： | 1 |
| 18 | Eosinophilic gastroenteritis in a young man显示文摘 | Famularo G Prantera C Nunnari J | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 19 | Mitochondrial form and function显示文摘 | Friedman JR Nunnari J | 2014 | Nature2014，505，7483： | 1 |
| 20 | Modelling air pollution time series by using wavelet functions and genetic algorithms显示文摘 | NUNNARI G | 2003 | Soft Computing2003，8，6： | 1 |
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