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| 1 | Optimization of the treatment with immunosuppressants and biologics in inflammatory bowel disease显示文摘Many placebo controlled trials and meta-analyses evaluated the efficacy of different drugs for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),including immunosuppressants and biologics.Their use is indicated in moderate to severe disease in non responders to corticosteroids and in steroid-dependent patients,as induction and maintainance treatment.Infliximab,as well as cyclosporine,is considered a second line therapy in the case of severe ulcerative colitis,or non-responders to intravenous corticosteroids.An adequate dosage and duration of therapy with thiopurines should be reached before evaluating their efficacy.Methotrexate is a valid option in patients with Crohn’s disease but its use is confined to patients who are intolerant or non-responders to thiopurines.Evidence for the use of methotrexate in ulcerative colitis is insufficient.The use of thalidomide and mycophenolate mofetil is not recommended in patients with inflammatory bowel disease,these treatments could be considered in case of failure of all other therapeutic options.In patients with moderately active ulcerative colitis,refractory to thiopurines,the use of tacrolimus is considered an alternative to biologics.An increase of the dose or a decrease in the interval of administration of biologic treatment could be useful in the presence of an incomplete clinical response.In the case of primary failure of an anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha a switch to another one should be considered.Data on the efficacy of combination therapy are up to now insufficient to consider this strategy in all IBD patients.The final outcome of the treatment should be considered the clinical remission,with mucosa healing,and not the clinical response.The evaluation of serum concentration of thiopurine methyl transferase activity,thiopurine metabolites,biologic serum levels and antibiologic antibodies could be useful for the management of the treatment but it has not been routinely applied in clinical practice.The evidence of high risk development of lymphoma and cutaneous malignancies should be considered in patients treated with immunosuppressants and biologics for a long period. | Sara Renna Ambrogio Orlando | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，29： | 13 |
| 2 | Inflammatory and oxidative stress in rotavirus infection显示文摘Rotaviruses are the single leading cause of life-threatening diarrhea affecting children under 5 years of age. Rotavirus entry into the host cell seems to occur by sequential interactions between virion proteins and various cell surface molecules. The entry mechanisms seem to involve the contribution of cellular molecules having binding, chaperoning and oxido-reducing activities. It appears to be that the receptor usage and tropism of rotaviruses is determined by the species, cell line and rotavirus strain. Rotaviruses have evolved functions which can antagonize the host innate immune response, whereas are able to induce endoplasmic reticulum(ER) stress, oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling. A networking between ER stress, inflammation and oxidative stress is suggested, in which release of calcium from the ER increases the generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species(ROS) leading to toxic accumulation of ROS within ER and mitochondria. Sustained ER stress potentially stimulates inflammatory response through unfolded protein response pathways. However, the detailed characterization of the molecular mechanisms underpinning these rotavirus-induced stressful conditions is still lacking. The signaling events triggered by host recognition of virusassociated molecular patterns offers an opportunity for the development of novel therapeutic strategies aimed at interfering with rotavirus infection. The use of N-acetylcysteine, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and PPARγ agonists to inhibit rotavirus infection opens a new way for treating the rotavirus-induced diarrhea and complementing vaccines. | Carlos A Guerrero Orlando Acosta | 2016 | World Journal of Virology2016，5，2： | 12 |
| 3 | Staging systems of hepatocellular carcinoma:A review of literature显示文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a major health problem with a high incidence and mortality all over the world.Natural history of HCC is severe and extremely variable,and prognostic factors influencing outcomes are incompletely defined.Over time,many staging and scoring systems have been proposed for the classification and prognosis of patients with HCC.Currently,the non-ideal predictive performance of existing prognostic systems is secondary to their inherent limitations,as well as to a non-universal reproducibility and transportability of the results in different populations.New serological and histological markers are still under evaluation with promising results,but they require further evaluation and external validation.The aim of this review is to highlight the main tools for assessing the prognosis of HCC and the main concerns,pitfalls and warnings regarding its staging systems currently in use. | Marcello Maida Emanuele Orlando Calogero Cammà Giuseppe Cabibbo | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，15： | 11 |
| 4 | Pre-and postoperative systemic hemodynamic evaluation in patients subjected to esophagogastric devascularization plus splenectomy and distal splenorenal shunt:A comparative study in schistomomal portal hypertension显示文摘AIM: To investigate the systemic hemodynamic effects of two surgical procedures largely employed for treatment of schistosomal portal hypertension. METHODS: Thirty-six patients undergoing elective surgical treatment of portal hypertension due to hepatosplenic mansonic schistosomiasis were prospectively evaluated. All patients were subjected to preoperative pulmonary artery catheterization; 17 were submitted to esophagogastric devascularization and splenectomy (EGDS) and 19 to distal splenorenal shunt (DSRS). The systemic hemodynamic assessment was repeated 4 d after the surgical procedure. RESULTS: Preoperative evaluation revealed (mean ± SD) an increased cardiac index (4.78 ± 1.13 L/min per m2),associated with a reduction in systemic vascular resistance index (1457 ± 380.7 dynes.s/cm5.m2). The mean pulmonary artery pressure (18 ± 5.1 mmHg) as well as the right atrial pressure (7.9 ± 2.5 mmHg) were increased,while the pulmonary vascular resistance index (133 ± 62 dynes.s/cm5.m2) was decreased. Four days after EGDS,a significant reduction in cardiac index (3.80 ± 0.4 L/min per m2,P < 0.001) and increase in systemic vascular resistance index (1901.4 ± 330.2 dynes.s/cm5. m2,P < 0.001) toward normal levels were observed. There was also a significant reduction in pulmonary artery pressure (12.65 ± 4.7 mmHg,P < 0.001) and no significant changes in the pulmonary vascular resistance index (141.6 ± 102.9 dynes.s/cm5.m2). Four days after DSRS,a non-significant increase in cardiac index (5.2 ± 0.76 L/min per m2) and systemic vascular resistance index (1389 ± 311 dynes.s/cm5.m2) was observed. There was also a non-significant increase in pulmonary artery pressure (19.84 ± 5.2 mmHg),right cardiac work index (1.38 ± 0.4 kg.m/m2) and right ventricular systolic work index (16.3 ± 6.3 g.m/m2),without significant changes in the pulmonary vascular resistance index (139.7 ± 67.8 dynes.s/cm5.m2). CONCLUSION: The hyperdynamic circulatory state observed in mansonic schistosomiasis was corrected by EGDS,but was maintained in patients who underwent DSRS. Similarly,the elevated mean pulmonary artery pressure was corrected after EGDS and maintained after DSRS. EGDS seems to be the most physiologic surgery for patients with schistosomal portal hypertension. | Roberto de Cleva Paulo Herman Luis Augusto Carneiro D’albuquerque Vincenzo Pugliese Orlando Luis Santarem William Abro Saad | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，41： | 9 |
| 5 | Intravenous vitamin C as adjunctive therapy for enterovirus/rhinovirus induced acute respiratory distress syndrome显示文摘We report a case of virus-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS) treated with parenteral vitamin C in a patient testing positive for enterovirus/rhinovirus on viral screening. This report outlines the first use of high dose intravenous vitamin C as an interventional therapy for ARDS, resulting from enterovirus/rhinovirus respiratory infection. From very significant preclinical research performed at Virginia Commonwealth Universitywith vitamin C and with the very positive results of a previously performed phase Ⅰ safety trial infusing high dose vitamin C intravenously into patients with severe sepsis, we reasoned that infusing identical dosing to a patient with ARDS from viral infection would be therapeutic. We report here the case of a 20-year-old, previously healthy, female who contracted respiratory enterovirus/rhinovirus infection that led to acute lung injury and rapidly to ARDS. She contracted the infection in central Italy while on an 8-d spring break from college. During a return flight to the United States, she developed increasing dyspnea and hypoxemia that rapidly developed into acute lung injury that led to ARDS. When support with mechanical ventilation failed, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO) was initiated. Twelve hours following ECMO initiation, high dose intravenous vitamin C was begun. The patient's recovery was rapid. ECMO and mechanical ventilation were discontinued by day-7 and the patient recovered with no long-term ARDS sequelae. Infusing high dose intravenous vitamin C into this patient with virus-induced ARDS was associated with rapid resolution of lung injury with no evidence of post-ARDS fibroproliferative sequelae. Intravenous vitamin C as a treatment for ARDS may open a new era of therapy for ARDS from many causes. | Alpha A Fowler Ⅲ Christin Kim Lawrence Lepler Rajiv Malhotra Orlando Debesa Ramesh Natarajan Bernard J Fisher Aamer Syed Christine DeWilde Anna Priday Vigneshwar Kasirajan | 2017 | World Journal of Critical Care Medicine2017，6，1： | 9 |
| 6 | Methodology for high-quality studies on course and prognosis of inflammatory bowel disease显示文摘Inflammatory bowel diseases(IBDs) are characterized by a chronic course with an alternation of relapses and remissions.Questions about prognosis are important for the patient who wants to know how the disease will affect his/her life and also for clinicians to make management decisions.Correct selection of the patients is the basis for good methodological studies on the course of IBD.A great proportion of data on the course of IBD is derived from a limited number of cohort studies.Studies help to define the endpoints for clinical trials and to identify subsets of patients in whom the prognosis of the disease can be stratified according to clinical features.Specific scientific requirements for high-quality studies on prognosis are the following:use of inception cohort,description of referral patterns,completeness of follow-up,objective outcome criteria,blind outcome assessment,adjustment for extraneous prognostic factors and statistical issues.We analyzed each of these requirements in studies on IBDs.To date,prospective and populationbased cohort studies are the standard for an unbiased assessment of prognosis.A better knowledge of the course of disease of chronic disorders ideally requires:(1) data from population-based studies,to avoid selection bias from referral centers in which patients with a more severe disease are usually treated;(2) inclusion of patients seen at the onset of the disease excluding misdiagnosed cases;and(3) follow-up from the onset of the disease to the end without dropouts. | Irene Modesto Giovanni Perricone Ambrogio Orlando Mario Cottone | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，29： | 7 |
| 7 | Advanced Fiber-Optic Acoustic Sensors显示文摘声学的察觉到是现在在现代社会起一个重要作用的一块很费力的地,用从监视到医药成像的结构的健康跨越的应用。Fiber-optics 能把许多优点带到这域,并且光纤的声学的传感器已经显示出能够基于压电的变换器与标准传感器竞争的性能层次。这评论在光纤的动态紧张察觉到的地里介绍最近的进展,特别地为声学的察觉。三种主导的技术是识别纤维布拉格栅栏, interferometric Mach-Zehnder,和 | Joao G. V. TEIXEIRA Ivo T. LEITE Susana SILVA Orlando FRAZAO | 2014 | Photonic Sensors2014，4，3： | 6 |
| 8 | A case of biliary gastric fistula following percutaneous radiofrequency thermal ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘Percutaneous radiofrequency thermal ablation (RFA) is an effective and safe therapeutic modality in the management of liver malignancies, performed with ultrasound guidance. Potential complications of RFA include liver abscess, ascites, pleural effusion, skin burn, hypoxemia, pneumothorax, subcapsular hematoma, hemoperitoneum, liver failure, tumour seeding, biliary lesions. Here we describe for the first time a case of biliary gastric fistula occurred in a 66-year old man with a Child’s class A alcoholic liver cirrhosis as a complication of RFA of a large hepatocellular carcinoma lesion in the Ⅲ segment. In the light of this case, RFA with injection of saline between the liver and adjacent gastrointestinal tract, as well as laparoscopic RFA, ethanol injection (PEI), or other techniques such as chemoembolization, appear to be more indicated than percutaneous RFA for large lesions close to the gastrointestinal tract. | Angela Falco Dante Orlando Roberto Sciarra Luciano Sergiacomo | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，5： | 6 |
| 9 | Evaluation of p53 codon 72 polymorphism in adenocarcinomas of the colon and rectum in La Plata, Argentina显示文摘瞄准:为了评估在 p53 之间的潜在的协会,在 72 上哄骗多型性和分散的颜色表面的腺癌发展,和人的乳头状瘤病毒(HPV ) 感染。方法:一个 -- 有来自 La Plata 的城市的结肠癌的 109 控制和 53 个病人,阿根廷被分析。72 遗传型和 HPV 感染上的 p53 鳕鱼用等位基因特定的聚合酶链反应被识别并且分别地嵌套聚合酶链反应。结果:在在盒子和控制之间的 72 多型性上的 p53 鳕鱼的分发的差别是统计上重要的。精氨酸等位基因在控制有 0.65 的流行并且 0.77 在情况中。为同型结合的精氨酸遗传型的相应机会比率是 2.08 (95% CI, 1.06-4.05;P<0.05 ) 。协会的缺乏在腺癌的集合在 p53 多型性和 HPV 感染之间被发现。结论:现在的学习的调查结果在同型结合的遗传型可以代表的 72 精氨酸上显示那条 p53 鳕鱼为结肠癌开发的一个基因预先安排因素。然而,进一步的研究被需要以便阐明在颜色的 72 多型性上的 p53 鳕鱼的角色表面的癌症。 | Luis Orlando Pérez Martin Carlos Abba Fernando Noel Dulout Carlos Daniel Golijow | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，9： | 5 |
| 10 | Esophageal tissue engineering:A new approach for esophageal replacement显示文摘A number of congenital and acquired disorders require esophageal tissue replacement.Various surgical techniques,such as gastric and colonic interposition,are standards of treatment,but frequently complicated by stenosis and other problems.Regenerative medicine approaches facilitate the use of biological constructs to replace or regenerate normal tissue function.We review the literature of esophageal tissue engineering,discuss its implications,compare the methodologies that have been employed and suggest possible directions for the future.Medline,Embase,the Cochrane Library,National Research Register and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched with the following search terms:stem cell and esophagus,esophageal replacement,esophageal tissue engineering,esophageal substitution.Reference lists of papers identified were also examined and experts in this field contacted for further information.All full-text articles in English of all potentially relevant abstracts were reviewed.Tissue engineering has involved acellular scaffolds that were either transplanted with the aim of being repopulated by host cells or seeded prior to transplantation.When acellular scaffolds were used to replace patch and short tubular defects they allowed epithelial and partial muscular migration whereas when employed for long tubular defects the results were poor leading to an increased rate of stenosis and mortality.Stenting has been shown as an effective means to reduce stenotic changes and promote cell migration,whilst omental wrapping to induce vascularization of the construct has an uncertain benefit.Decellularized matrices have been recently suggested as the optimal choice for scaffolds,but smart polymers that will incorporate signalling to promote cell-scaffold interaction may provide a more reproducible and available solution.Results in animal models that have used seeded scaffolds strongly suggest that seeding of both muscle and epithelial cells on scaffolds prior to implantation is a prerequisite for complete esophageal replacement.Novel approaches need to be designed to allow for peristalsis and vascularization in the engineered esophagus.Although esophageal tissue engineering potentially offers a real alternative to conventional treatments for severe esophageal disease,important barriers remain that need to be addressed. | Giorgia Totonelli Panagiotis Maghsoudlou Jonathan M Fishman Giuseppe Orlando Tahera Ansari Paul Sibbons Martin A Birchall Agostino Pierro Simon Eaton Paolo De Coppi | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，47： | 5 |
| 11 | Survival without common toxicity criteria grade 3/4 toxicity following second-line treatment with pemetrexed for nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer in Chinese patients显示文摘 | WU Yi-long SUN Yan ZHOU Cai-cun ZHANG Li YU Shi-ying MA Sheng-lin HAN Ling Lucia ZHANG Xiao-qing Mauro Orlando | 2013 | Chinese Medical Journal2013，，24： | 5 |
| 12 | Fiber Laser Sensor Based on a Phase-Shifted Chirped Grating for Acoustic Sensing of Partial Discharges显示文摘 | Sanderson E. U. LIMA Rubem G FARIAS Francisco M. ARAUJO Luis A. FERREIRA José L. SANTOS Vladimiro MIRANDA1 Orlando FRAZAO | 2013 | Photonic Sensors2013，3，1： | 5 |
| 13 | Vertical hepatitis C virus transmission:Main questions and answers显示文摘Hepatitis C virus(HCV) affects about 3% of the world's population and peaks in subjects aged over 40 years. Its prevalence in pregnant women is low(1%-2%) in most western countries but drastically increases in women in developing countries or with high risk behav-iors for blood-transmitted infections. Here we review clinical, prognostic and therapeutic aspects of HCV in-fection in pregnant women and their offspring infected through vertical transmission. Pregnancy-related im-mune weakness does not seem to affect the course of acute hepatitis C but can affect the progression of chronic hepatitis C. In fact, postpartum immune res-toration can exacerbate hepatic inflammation, thereby worsening the liver disease, particularly in patients with liver cirrhosis. HCV infection increases the risk of gestational diabetes in patients with excessive weight gain, premature rupture of membrane and caesarean delivery. Only 3%-5% of infants born to HCV-positive mothers have been infected by intrauterine or perinatal transmission. Maternal viral load, human immunode-ficiency virus coinfection, prolonged rupture of mem-branes, fetal exposure to maternal infected blood con-sequent to vaginal or perineal lacerations and invasive monitoring of fetus increase the risk of viral transmis-sion. Cesarean delivery and breastfeeding increases the transmission risk in HCV/human immunodeficiency virus coinfected women. The consensus is not to offer antivi-ral therapy to HCV-infected pregnant women because it is based on ribavirin(pregnancy category X) because of its embryocidal and teratogenic effects in animal spe-cies. In vertically infected children, chronic C hepatitis is often associated with minimal or mild liver disease and progression to liver cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma is lower than in adults. Infected children may be treated after the second year of life, given the adverse effects of current antiviral agents. | Grazia Tosone Alberto Enrico Maraolo Silvia Mascolo Giulia Palmiero Orsola Tambaro Raffaele Orlando | 2014 | World Journal of Hepatology2014，6，8： | 5 |
| 14 | Robot-assisted radical cystectomy and intracorporeal orthotopic neobladder: 1-year functional outcomes显示文摘Complete intracorporeal urinar y diversion(ICUD)with an orthotopic neobladder is an emerging procedure.The objective of this article was to assess retrospectively the urodynamic and continence results after robot-assisted radical cystectomy(RARC)and ICUD with a modified orthotopic Studer neobladder.After a median follow-up time of 11 months,all patients were socially continent(≤1 pad)at daytime.Median Pouch capacity was 404 ml with a median postvoid residual volume of 0 ml.All patients stated that they would choose the same type of urinary diversion again.RARC and ICUD with orthotopic neobladder provides promising functional and urodynamic results with high patient satisfaction. | Fabian Obrecht Nadim Abo Youssef Orlando Burkhardt Christoph Schregel Marco Randazzo Christian Padevit Peter Wiklund Hubert John | 2020 | Asian Journal of Andrology2020，22，2： | 4 |
| 15 | 人类角质形成细胞中调节细胞内信号传导的Toll样受体(TLR2)对糠秕马拉色菌的反应显示文摘Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are crucial players in the innate immune response to microbial invaders. The lipophilic yeast Malassezia furfur has been implicated in the triggering of scalp lesions in psoriasis. The aim of the present study was to assess the role of TLRs in the defence against M. furfur infection. The expression of the myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) gene, which is involved in the signalling pathway of many TLRs, was also analysed. In addition, a possible correlation of antimicrobial peptides of the β -defensin family to TLRs was tested. Human keratinocytes infected with M. furfur and a variety oiM. furfur-positive psoriatic skin biopsies were analysed by RT-PCR, for TLRs, MyD88, human β -defensin 2 (HBD- 2), HBD- 3 and interleukin- 8 (IL- 8) mRNA expression. When keratinocytes were infected with M. furfur, an up-regulation for TLR2, MyD88, HBD- 2, HBD- 3 and IL- 8 mRNA was demonstrated, compared to the untreated cells. The same results were obtained when psoriatic skin biopsies were analysed. The M. furfur-induced increase in HBD- 2 and IL- 8 gene expression is inhibited by anti-TLR2 neutralising antibodies, suggesting that TLR2 is involved in the M. furfur-induced expression of these molecules. These findings suggest the importance of TLRs in skin protection against fungi and the importance of keratinocytes as a component of innate immunity. | Baroni A. Orlando M. Donnarumma G. M.A. Tufano 刘艳 | 2006 | 世界核心医学期刊文摘(皮肤病学分册)2006，2，3： | 4 |
| 16 | Antiviral therapy for hepatitis C: Has anything changed for pregnant/lactating women?显示文摘Hepatitis C virus(HCV) affects about 3% of the world'spopulation, with the highest prevalence in individuals under 40. The prevalence in pregnant women varies with geographical distribution(highest in developing countries). Prevalence also increases in sub-populations of women at high risk for blood-transmitted infections. HCV infection in pregnancy represents a non-negligible problem. However, most of the past antiviral regimens cannot be routinely offered to pregnant or breastfeeding women because of their side effects. We briefly reviewed the issue of treatment of HCV infection in pregnant/breastfeeding women focusing on the effects of the new direct-acting antivirals on fertility, pregnancy and lactation in animal studies and on the potential risk for humans based on the pharmacokinetic properties of each drug. Currently, all new therapy regimens are contraindicated in this setting because of lack of sufficient safety information and adequate measures of contraception are still routinely recommended for female patients of childbearing potential. | Anna Maria Spera Tarek Kamal Eldin Grazia Tosone Raffaele Orlando | 2016 | World Journal of Hepatology2016，8，12： | 4 |
| 17 | Prokineticin 2/Bv8 is expressed in Kupffer cells in liver and is down regulated in human hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘AIM: To study the implication of prokineticin 1 (PK1/EG- VEGF) and prokineticin 2 (PK2/Bv8) in hepatocellular carcinoma angiogenesis. METHODS: The gene induction of PK1/EG-VEGF and PK2/Bv8 was investigated in 10 normal, 28 fibrotic and 28 tumoral livers by using real time PCR. Their expression was compared to the expression of VEGF (an angiogenesis marker), vWF (an endothelial cell marker) and to CD68 (a monocyte/macrophage marker). Furthermore, the mRNA levels of PK1/EG-VEGF, PK2/Bv8, prokineticin receptor 1 and 2 were evaluated by real time PCR in isolated liver cell populations. Finally, PK2/Bv8 protein was detected in normal liver paraffin sections and in isolated liver cells by immunohistochemistry and immunocytochemistry. RESULTS: PK2/Bv8 mRNA but not PK1/EG-VEGF was expressed in all types of normal liver samples examined. In the context of liver tumor development, we reported that PK2/Bv8 correlates only with CD68 and showed a significant decrease in expression as the pathology evolves towards cancer. Whereas, VEGF and vWF mRNA were significantly upregulated in both fibrosis and HCC,as expected. In addition, out of all isolated liver cells examined, only Kupffer cells (liver resident macrophages) express significant levels of PK2/Bv8 and its receptors, prokineticin receptor 1 and 2. CONCLUSION: In normal liver PK2/Bv8 and its receptors were specifically expressed by Kupffer cells. PK2/Bv8 expression decreased as the liver evolves towards cancer and did not correlate with HCC angiogenesis. | Justin Monnier Claire Piquet-Pellorce Jean-Jacques Feige Orlando Musso Bruno Clément Bruno Turlin Nathalie Théret Michel Samson | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，8： | 4 |
| 18 | Are we giving biologics too late? The case for early versus late use显示文摘Corticosteroids and immunomodulators have been the mainstay therapies for Crohn’s disease. Corticosteroids are highly effective to control symptoms in the short- term, but they are not effective in maintaining remission, they heal the mucosa in a reduced proportion of cases, and long-time exposure is associated with an increased risk of infections and mortality. Immunomodulators, azathioprine and methotrexate, heal the mucosa in a higher proportion of patients that corticosteroids but their onset of action is slow and they benefit less than half of patients with Crohn’s disease. In the last decade, medical therapy for Crohn’s disease has experienced a remarkable change due to the introduction of biologic therapy, and particularly the use of anti-tumour necrosis factor-alpha agents. Infliximab, adalimumab, and certolizumab pegol have demonstrated efficacy for induction and maintenance of remission in active Crohn’s disease. These agents have raised the bar for what is a suitable symptomatic response in Crohn’s disease and modification of the natural history of the disease has become a major goal in the treatment of Crohn’s disease. There are several data in the literature that suggest that early use of biologic therapy and achievement of mucosal healing contribute to disease course modification. However, many questions on early biological therapy for Crohn’s disease remain still unanswered. | Elena Ricart Orlando García-Bosch Ingrid Ordás Julián Panés | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，36： | 4 |
| 19 | Prevalence and risk factors of infections by multiresistant bacteria in cirrhosis: A prospective study显示文摘 | Javier Fernández Juan Acevedo Miriam Castro Orlando Garcia Carlos Rodríguez de Lope Daria Roca Marco Pavesi Elsa Sola Leticia Moreira Anibal Silva Tiago Seva‐Pereira Francesco Corradi Jose Mensa Pere Ginès Vicente Arroyo | 2012 | Hepatology2012，，： | 4 |
| 20 | Spleen preserving distal pancreatectomy in an isolated blunt pancreatic trauma显示文摘Blunt isolated pancreatic trauma is uncommon,accounting for 1%-4% of high impact abdominal injuries.In addition,its diagnosis can be difficult;physical signs may be poor and laboratory findings nonspecific,resulting in delayed treatment.Preserving the spleen during distal pancreatectomy (DP) is controversial.One of the spleen's functions regards immunity;complications following splenectomy include leukocytosis,thrombocytosis,overwhelming post splenectomy sepsis and some degree of immunodeficiency.This is why many authors favor its preservation.We describe a case of a young man with an isolated pancreatic trauma due to a blunt abdominal trauma with a delayed presentation who was treated with spleen-preserving DP and we discuss the value of this procedure with reference to the literature. | Alexandre Zanchenko Fonseca Marcelo Augusto Fontenelle Ribeiro Jr Orlando Contrucci Alexandre Pompeo Adriana Orsetti Herico Arsie Neto | 2011 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2011，3，9： | 3 |
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