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| 1 | Diffusion weighted imaging in the liver显示文摘Diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) is an imaging technique which provides tissue contrast by the measurement of diffusion properties of water molecules within tissues. Diffusion is expressed in an apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), which reflects the diffusion properties unique to each type of tissue. DWI has been originally used in neuroradiology. More recently, DWI has increasingly been used in addition to conventional unenhanced and enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in other parts of the body. The reason for this delay was a number of technical problems inherent to the technique, making DWI very sensitive to artifacts, which had to be overcome. With assessment of ADC values, DWI proved to be helpful in characterization of focal liver lesions. However, DWI should always be used in conjunction to conventional MRI since there is considerable overlap between ADC values of benign and malignant lesions. DWI is useful in the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma in the cirrhotic liver and detection of liver metastases in oncological patients. In addition, DWI is a promising tool in the prediction of tumor responsiveness to chemotherapy and the follow-up of oncological patients after treatment, as DWI may be capable of detecting recurrent disease earlier than conventional imaging.This review focuses on the most common applications of DWI in the liver. | Petra G Kele Eric J van der Jagt | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，13： | 48 |
| 2 | Haplotype of prostaglandin synthase 2/cyclooxygenase 2 is involved in the susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease显示文摘AIM: Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 (PTGS2 or COX2) is one of the key factors in the cellular response to inflammation.PTGS2 is expressed in the affected intestinal segments of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). In IBD patients, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which have been shown to reduce both the production and activity of PTGS2, may activate IBD and aggravate the symptoms.We aimed at examining genetic variants of PTGS2 that may be risk factors for IBD.METHODS: We genotyped 291 individuals diagnosed with IBD and 367 controls from the Dutch population for the five most frequent polymorphisms of the PTGS2 gene.Clinical data were collected on all patients. DNA was extracted via normal laboratory methods. Genotyping was carried out using multiplex PCR followed by the Invader Assay and the 5' exonuclease assay (TaqMan). New polymorphism screening was performed by pre-screening with denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography,followed by fluorescent sequencing.RESULTS: Allele 5209G was weakly associated with Crohn's disease (odds ratio [OR] 1.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03-2.57), and allele 8473T with ulcerative colitis (OR 1.50, 95%CI 1.00-2.27). The haplotype including both alleles showed a strong association with IBD (OR 13.15, 95%CI 3.17-116.15). This haplotype, while rare (-0.3%) in the general population, is found more frequently in patients (3.5%).CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that this haplotype of PTGS2 contributes to the susceptibility of IBD. | David G Cox J Bart A Crusius Petra HM Peeters H Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita A Salvador Pe(n|~)a Federico Canzian | 2005 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2005，11，38： | 10 |
| 3 | m TOR signaling in liver regeneration: Rapamycin combined with growth factor treatment显示文摘AIM: To investigate the effects of mammalian target of rapamycin(mT OR) inhibition on liver regeneration and autophagy in a surgical resection model.METHODS: C57BL/6 mice were subjected to a 70% partial hepatectomy(PH) and treated intraperitoneally every 24 h with a combination of the m TOR inhibitor rapamycin(2.5 mg/kg per day) and the steroid dexamethasone(2.0 mg/kg per day) in phosphate bufferedsaline(PBS) or with PBS alone as vehicle control. In the immunosuppressant group, part of the group was treated subcutaneously 4 h prior to and 24 h after PH with a combination of human recombinant interleukin 6(IL-6; 500 μg/kg per day) and hepatocyte growth factor(HGF; 100 μg/kg per day) in PBS. Animals were sacrificed 2, 3 or 5 d after PH and liver tissue and blood were collected for further analysis. Immunohistochemical staining for 5-Bromo-2'-deoxyuridine(Brd U) was used to quantify hepatocyte proliferation. Western blotting was used to detect hepatic microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3)-Ⅱ protein expression as a marker for autophagy. Hepatic gene expression levels of proliferation-, inflammation- and angiogenesisrelated genes were examined by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and serum bilirubin and transaminase levels were analyzed at the clinical chemical core facility of the Erasmus MC-University Medical Center.RESULTS: m TOR inhibition significantly suppressed regeneration, shown by decreased hepatocyte proliferation(2% vs 12% Brd U positive hepatocyte nuclei at day 2, P < 0.01; 0.8% vs 1.4% at day 5, P = 0.02) and liver weight reconstitution(63% vs 76% of initial total liver weight at day 3, P = 0.04), and furthermore increased serum transaminase levels(aspartate aminotransferase 641 U/L vs 185 U/L at day 2, P = 0.02). Expression of the autophagy marker LC3-Ⅱ, which was reduced during normal liver regeneration, increased after mT OR inhibition(46% increase at day 2, P = 0.04). Hepatic gene expression showed an increased inflammation-related response [tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α 3.2-fold upregulation at day 2, P = 0.03; IL-1Ra 6.0-fold upregulation at day 2 and 42.3-fold upregulation at day 5, P < 0.01] and a reduced expression of cell cycle progression and angiogenesis-related factors(HGF 40% reduction at day 2; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 50% reduction at days 2 and 5; angiopoietin 1 60% reduction at day 2, all P ≤ 0.01). Treatmentwith the regeneration stimulating cytokine IL-6 and growth factor HGF could overcome the inhibitory effect on liver weight(75% of initial total liver weight at day 3, P = 0.02 vs immunosuppression alone and P = 0.90 vs controls) and partially reversed gene expression changes caused by rapamycin(TNF-α and IL-1Ra levels at day 2 were restored to control levels). However, no significant changes in hepatocyte proliferation, serum injury markers or autophagy were found.CONCLUSION: mT OR inhibition severely impairs liver regeneration and increases autophagy after PH. These effects are partly reversed by stimulation of the IL-6 and HGF pathways. | Suomi MG Fouraschen Petra E de Ruiter Jaap Kwekkeboom Ron WF de Bruin Geert Kazemier Herold J Metselaar Hugo W Tilanus Luc JW van der Laan Jeroen de Jonge | 2013 | World Journal of Transplantation2013，3，3： | 6 |
| 4 | Different imaging techniques in the head and neck:Assets and drawbacks显示文摘In this review,the gold standard imaging techniques for the head and neck and the latest upcoming techniques are presented,by comparing computed tomography(CT),magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography-CT,as well as ultrasound,depending on the examined area.The advantages and disadvantages of each examination protocol are presented.This article illustrates the connection between the imaging technique and the examined area.Therefore,the head and neck area is divided into different sections such as bony structures,nervous system,mucous membranes and squamous epithelium,glandular tissue,and lymphatic tissue and vessels.Finally,the latest techniques in the field of head and neck imaging such as multidetector CT,dual-energy CT,flash CT,magnetic resonance angiography,spectroscopy,and diffusion tensor tractography using 3 tesla magnetic resonance are discussed. | Thomas J Vogl Marc Harth Petra Siebenhandl | 2010 | World Journal of Radiology2010，2，6： | 3 |
| 5 | Eu(Ⅲ) coprecipitation with the trioctahedral clay mineral, hectorite显示文摘 | Pieper Heike Bosbach Dirk Panak Petra J | 2006 | Clays and ClayMinerals2006，54，1： | 1 |
| 6 | Selective dorsal rhizotomy in cerebral palsy to improve functional abilities:evaluation of criteria for selection显示文摘 | PETRA E M JEROEN V WILLEM J R | 2005 | Childs Nerv Syst2005，21，6： | 1 |
| 7 | Theoretical analysis of a quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy sensor显示文摘 | PETRA N ZWECK J KOSTEREV A A | 2009 | Applied Physics B2009，94，4： | 1 |
| 8 | Morphology and electrical resistivity of melt mixed blends of poly- ethylene and carbon nanotube filled polycarbonate 显示文摘 | J Petra Potschke Bhattacharyya A R Andreas Janke | 2003 | Polymer2003，44，： | 1 |
| 9 | Gene-gene interactions in the folate metabolic pathway influence the risk for acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children显示文摘 | Petra BG Janez J Vita D | 2007 | Leuk Lympho-ma2007，48，4： | 1 |
| 10 | Estrogenic and dioxin-like compounds in sediment from Zierikzee harbour identified with CALUX assay-directed fractionation combined with one and two dimensional gas chromatography analyses显示文摘 | Houtman Corine J Petra Booij Jover Eric | 2006 | Chemosphere2006，65，11： | 1 |
| 11 | The influence of treatment condition on the quantity and composition of oligomers extracted from polyester fabric 显示文摘 | PETRA R J | 2002 | Textile Research Journal2002，，5： | 1 |
| 12 | Serum human chorionic gonadotropin clearance curves in patients with interstitial pregnancy treated with systemic methotrexate显示文摘 | Petra J Ben WJ Palph R | 1996 | Fertil Steril1996，66，： | 1 |
| 13 | Class Ⅰ and class Ⅱ major histocompatibility complex alleles are associated with faecal egg counts following natural, predominantly Ostertagia circumcincta infection 显示文摘 | Johannes Buitkarnp Petra Filmether Michael J | 1996 | Parasitol Res1996，82，： | 1 |
| 14 | Referencestrand-mediated conformation analysis of MHC alleles: a new method for high-resolution typing of the Ovar-DQB genes 显示文摘 | Petra Feichtlbauer-Huber Michael J Stear Ruedi Fries | 2000 | Immunogenetics2000，51，： | 1 |
| 15 | The complexity of sjogren,s syn-drome :novel aspects on pathogenesis 显示文摘 | Roland J Petra V Roman V | 2011 | Lmmunology Letters2011，141，1： | 1 |
| 16 | Electron tomography for heterogeneous catalysts and related nanostructured materials 显示文摘 | HEINER F PETRA E ARIE J | 2009 | Chemical Reviews2009，109，5： | 1 |
| 17 | Reductive carbonylation of aromatic dinitro compounds with a palladium(phenanthroline)2(triflate)2 catalyst and an aromatic carboxylic acid as catalyst显示文摘 | Petra Wehman Paul C J Kamer | 1996 | J Chem Soc Chem Commun1996，2，： | 1 |
| 18 | A correlative study of chnieal and histological findings of revision hip arthroplasty for rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory joint disease 显示文摘 | Petra M Diaz J McLardy-Smith P | 2003 | Scand J Rheumatol2003，32，5： | 1 |
| 19 | New Ultradeformable Drug Carriers for Potential Transdermal Application of Interleukin-2 and Interferon-a Theoretic and Practical Aspects显示文摘 | Christian Hofer Rudolf Hartung Roland G?bel Petra Deering Antonie Lehmer Jürgen Breul | 2000 | World Journal of Surgery2000，，10： | 1 |
| 20 | Structural incorporation of Cm(Ⅲ) in trioctahedral smectite hectorite: A time-resolved laser fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS) study 显示文摘 | HEIKE B DIRK B PETRA J P | 2007 | Geochim Cosmochim Acta2007，71，1： | 1 |
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