| 1 | 大型动物的种群恢复:大象种群增长的生态学效应显示文摘博茨瓦纳北部及其毗邻地区分布着世界上最大的非洲象种群(Loxodonta africana),而在100年前,由于过度捕猎,大象的种群数量极为稀少。与此同时,有蹄类由于疾病,种群数量严重下降。大型草食性动物种群数量降低的生态学效应一定是显著的,但我们却知之甚少,不过,目前博茨瓦纳大象种群数量上升之后产生的生态系统变化却引起人们相当大的关注。调查大象种群和其它生态系统组分及过程相互作用的项目'BONIC'就是的基于这种背景。调查结果表明,生态系统随着大象和其它有蹄类的种群数量的增长而发生变化,并且可能向着原先大型草食性动物数量减少之前的方向变化。我们认为人为地改变大象的种群数量没有生态学理由,但控制大象数量有经济和社会道理,而且博茨瓦纳北部大象的分布区可能必须要受到人为限制。 | Christina Skarpe Per Arild Aarrestad Harry P.Andreassen Shivcharn S.Dhillion Thatayaone Dimakatso Johan T.duToit Duncan J.Halley Hkan Hytteborn Shimane Makhabu Moses Mari Wilson Marokane Gaseitsiwe Masunga Ditshoswane Modise(+) Stein R.Moe Rapelang Mojaphoko David Mosugelo Sekgowa Motsumi Gosiame Neo-Mahupeleng Mpho Ramotadima Lucas Rutina Lettie Sechele Thato B.Sejoe Sigbjφrn Stokke Jon E.Swenson Cyril Taolo Mark Vandewalle Per Wegge 周立志 | 2004 | AMBIO-人类环境杂志2004，33，6： | 0 |
| 2 | Guild composition and habitat use of voles in 2 forest landscapes in south-eastern Norway显示文摘It is widely believed that intensive forestry has influenced small mammal population dynamics,and thereby the entire mammalian community in Fennoscandian boreal forests.The nature of these impacts on the different species is subject to debate.We live-trapped voles between 2006 and 2009 in 2 commercially harvested forests in south-eastern Norway.We investigated the variation in vole abundance among habitat types(e.g.mature forest and clear-cut)and the hypothesis that graminivorous species such as field voles(Microtus agrestis L.)benefit from clear-cuts at the expense of forest dwellers(i.e.the bank vole,Myodes glareolus Schreb.),using fine-scale descriptors of the ground vegetation.We could not find support for the hypothesis that field voles show a preference for clear-cuts,and their overall abundance was low,while bank voles were the dominant species in all habitat types,including clear-cuts in the peak and pre-peak years.We found a positive association between bank vole abundance and bilberry(Vaccinium myrtillus L.)availability rather than a specific habitat type.Low field vole density in clear-cuts might be due to variation in local productivity and ground vegetation as well as to large variation in the species temporal dynamics.The latter is particularly associated with the widespread decline of field voles in Scandinavia.Logging has the potential to negatively affect bank vole population dynamics because of the negative effect on bilberry development. | Lucrezia GORINI John D.C.LINNELL Luigi BOITANI Ulrike HAUPTMANN Morten ODDEN Per WEGGE Erlend B.NILSEN | 2011 | Integrative Zoology2011，6，4： | 0 |
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