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| 1 | Molecular targets in the treatment of alcoholic hepatitis显示文摘Alcohol related costs to health and society are high. One of the most serious complications of alcohol misuse to the individual is the development of alcoholic hepatitis (AH), a clinical syndrome of jaundice and progressive inflammatory liver injury in patients with a history of recent heavy alcohol use. It has a poor outcome and few existing successful therapies. The use of glucocorticoids in patients with severe AH is still controversial and there remains a group of patients with glucocorticoid-resistant disease. However, as our understanding of the pathogenesis of the condition improves there are opportunities to develop new targeted therapies with specific actions to control liver inflammation without having a detrimental effect on the immune system as a whole. In this article we review the molecular mechanisms of AH concentrating on the activation of the innate and adaptive immune response. We consider existing treatments including glucocorticoids, anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy and pentoxifylline and their limitations. Using our knowledge of the disease pathogenesis we discuss possible novel therapeutic approaches. New targets include pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-17, chemokines and their receptors (for example IL-8, CXCL9 and CXCR3) and augmentation of anti-inflam- matory molecules such as IL-10 and IL-22. And there is also future potential to consider combination therapy to selectively modulate the immune response and gain control of disease. | Ashwin D Dhanda Richard WL Lee Peter L Collins C Anne McCune | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，39： | 9 |
| 2 | Retrograde-viewing device improves adenoma detection rate in colonoscopies for surveillance and diagnostic workup显示文摘AIM:To determine which patients might benefit most from retrograde viewing during colonoscopy through subset analysis of randomized,controlled trial data.METHODS:The Third Eye Retroscope Randomized Clinical Evaluation(TERRACE) was a randomized,controlled,multicenter trial designed to evaluate the efficacy of a retrograde-viewing auxiliary imaging device that is used during colonoscopy to provide a second video image which allows viewing of areas on the proximal aspect of haustral folds and flexures that are difficult to see with the colonoscope's forward view.We performed a post-hoc analysis of the TERRACE data to determine whether certain subsets of the patient population would gain more benefit than others from use of the device.Subjects were patients scheduled for colonoscopy for screening,surveillance or diagnostic workup,and each underwent same-day tandem examinations with standard colonoscopy(SC) and Third Eye colonoscopy(TEC),randomized to SC followed by TEC or vice versa.RESULTS:Indication for colonoscopy was screening in 176/345 subjects(51.0%),surveillance after previous polypectomy in 87(25.2%) and diagnostic workup in 82(23.8%).In 4 subjects no indication was specified.Previously reported overall results had shown a net additional adenoma detection rate(ADR) with TEC of 23.2% compared to SC.Relative risk(RR) of missing adenomas with SC vs TEC as the initial procedure was 1.92(P = 0.029).Post-hoc subset analysis shows additional ADRs for TEC compared to SC were 4.4% for screening,35.7% for surveillance,55.4% for diagnostic and 40.7% for surveillance and diagnostic combined.The RR of missing adenomas with SC vs TEC was 1.11(P = 0.815) for screening,3.15(P = 0.014) for surveillance,8.64(P = 0.039) for diagnostic and 3.34(P = 0.003) for surveillance and diagnostic combined.Although a multivariate Poisson regression suggested gender as a possibly significant factor,subset analysis showed that the difference between genders was not statistically significant.Age,bowel prep quality and withdrawal time did not significantly affect the RR of missing adenomas with SC vs TEC.Mean sizes of adenomas detected with TEC and SC were similar at 0.59 cm and 0.56 cm,respectively(P = NS).CONCLUSION:TEC allows detection of significantly more adenomas compared to SC in patients undergoing surveillance or diagnostic workup,but not in screening patients(ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT01044732). | Peter D Siersema Amit Rastogi Anke M Leufkens Paul A Akerman Kassem Azzouzi Richard I Rothstein Frank P Vleggaar Alessandro Repici Giacomo Rando Patrick I Okolo Olivier Dewit Ana Ignjatovic Elizabeth Odstrcil James East Pierre H Deprez Brian P Saunders Anthony N Kalloo Bradley Creel Vikas Singh Anne Marie Lennon Daniel C DeMarco | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，26： | 6 |
| 3 | High-density SNP-based genetic maps for the parents of an outcrossed and a selfed tetraploid garden rose cross, inferred from admixed progeny using the 68k rose SNP array显示文摘Dense genetic maps create a base for QTL analysis of important traits and future implementation of marker-assisted breeding.In tetraploid rose,the existing linkage maps include<300 markers to cover 28 linkage groups(4 homologous sets of 7 chromosomes).Here we used the 68k WagRhSNP Axiom single-nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)array for rose,in combination with SNP dosage calling at the tetraploid level,to genotype offspring from the garden rose cultivar‘Red New Dawn’.The offspring proved to be not from a single bi-parental cross.In rose breeding,crosses with unintended parents occur regularly.We developed a strategy to separate progeny into putative populations,even while one of the parents was unknown,using principle component analysis on pairwise genetic distances based on sets of selected SNP markers that were homozygous,and therefore uninformative for one parent.One of the inferred populations was consistent with self-fertilization of‘Red New Dawn’.Subsequently,linkage maps were generated for a bi-parental and a self-pollinated population with‘Red New Dawn’as the common maternal parent.The densest map,for the selfed parent,had 1929 SNP markers on 25 linkage groups,covering 1765.5 cM at an average marker distance of 0.9 cM.Synteny with the strawberry(Fragaria vesca)genome was extensive.Rose ICM1 corresponded to F.vesca pseudochromosome 7(Fv7),ICM4 to Fv4,ICM5 to Fv3,ICM6 to Fv2 and ICM7 to Fv5.Rose ICM2 corresponded to parts of F.vesca pseudochromosomes 1 and 6,whereas ICM3 is syntenic to the remainder of Fv6. | Mirjana Vukosavljev Paul Arens Roeland E Voorrips Wendy P C van't Westende G D Esselink Peter M Bourke Peter Cox W Eric van de Weg Richard G F Visser Chris Maliepaard Marinus J M Smulders | 2016 | Horticulture Research2016，3，1： | 6 |
| 4 | Model combining pre-transplant tumor biomarkers and tumor size shows more utility in predicting hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence and survival than the BALAD models显示文摘AIM To assess the performance of BALAD, BALAD-2 and their component biomarkers in predicting outcome of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) patients after liver transplant.METHODS BALAD score and BALAD-2 class are derived from bilirubin, albumin, alpha-fetoprotein(AFP), Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive AFP(AFP-L3), and des-gammacarboxyprothrombin(DCP). Pre-transplant AFP, AFP-L3 and DCP were measured in 113 patients transplanted for HCC from 2000 to 2008. Hazard ratios(HR) for recurrence and death were calculated. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were conducted. C-statistics were used to compare biomarker-based to predictive models. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 12.2 years, 38 patients recurred and 87 died. The HRs for recurrence in patients with elevated AFP, AFP-L3, and DCP defined by BALAD cut-off values were 2.42(1.18-5.00), 1.86(0.98-3.52), and 2.83(1.42-5.61), respectively. For BALAD, the HRs for recurrence and death per unit increased score were 1.48(1.15-1.91) and 1.59(1.28-1.97). For BALAD-2, the HRs for recurrence and death per unit increased class were 1.45(1.06-1.98) and 1.38(1.09-1.76). For recurrence prediction, the combination of three biomarkers had the highest c-statistic of 0.66 vs. 0.64, 0.61, 0.53, and 0.53 for BALAD, BALAD-2, Milan, and UCSF, respectively. Similarly, for death prediction, the combination of three biomarkers had the highest c-statistic of 0.66 vs 0.65,0.61, 0.52, and 0.50 for BALAD, BALAD-2, Milan, and UCSF. A new model combining biomarkers with tumor size at the time of transplant(S-LAD) demonstrated the highest predictive capability with c-statistics of 0.71 and 0.69 for recurrence and death. CONCLUSION BALAD and BALAD-2 are valid in transplant HCC patients, but less predictive than the three biomarkers in combination or the three biomarkers in combination with maximal tumor diameter(S-LAD). | Nicha Wongjarupong Gabriela M Negron-Ocasio Roongruedee Chaiteerakij Benyam D Addissie Essa A Mohamed Kristin C Mara William S Harmsen J Paul Theobald Brian E Peters Joseph G Balsanek Melissa M Ward Nasra H Giama Sudhakar K Venkatesh Denise M Harnois Michael R Charlton Hiroyuki Yamada Alicia Algeciras-Schimnich Melissa R Snyder Terry M Therneau Lewis R Roberts | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，12： | 5 |
| 5 | Single-center study comparing computed tomography colonography with conventional colonoscopy显示文摘AIM:To compare the results from computed tomography (CT) colonography with conventional colonoscopy in symptomatic patients referred for colonoscopy. METHODS: The study included 227 adult outpatients, mean age 60 years, with appropriate indications for colonoscopy. CT colonography and colonoscopy were performed on the same day in a metropolitan teaching hospital. Colonoscopists were initially blinded to the results of CT colonography but there was segmental unblinding during the procedure. The primary outcome measures were the sensitivity and specificity of CT colonography for the identification of polyps seen at colonoscopy (i.e. analysis by polyp). Secondary outcome measures included an analysis by patient, extracolonic findings at CT colonography, adverse events with both procedures and patient acceptance and preference. RESULTS: Twenty-five patients (11%) were excluded from the analysis because of incomplete colonoscopy or poor bowel preparation that affected either CT colonography, colonoscopy or both procedures. Polyps and masses (usually cancers) were detected at colonoscopy and CT colonography in 35% and 42% of patients, respectively. Of nine patients with a finaldiagnosis of cancer, eight (89%) were identified by CT colonography as masses (5) or polyps (3). For polyps analyzed according to polyp, the overall sensitivity of CT colonography was 50% (95% CI, 39%-61%) but this increased to 71% (95% CI, 52%-85%) for polyps ≥ 6 mm in size. Similarly, specificity for all polyps was 48% (95% CI, 39%-58%) increasing to 67% (95% CI, 56%-76%) for polyps ≥ 6 mm. Adverse events were uncommon but included one colonic perforation at colonoscopy. Patient acceptance was high for both procedures but preference favoured CT colonography. CONCLUSION: Although CT colonography was more sensitive in this study than in some previous studies, the procedure is not yet sensitive enough for widespread application in symptomatic patients. | Ian C Roberts-Thomson Graeme R Tucker Peter J Hewett Peter Cheung Ruben A Sebben EE Win Khoo Julie D Marker Wayne K Clapton | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，3： | 4 |
| 6 | Is liver biopsy necessary in the management of alcoholic hepatitis?显示文摘Acute alcoholic hepatitis(AAH)is characterised by deep jaundice in patients with a history of heavy alcohol use,which can progress to liver failure.A clinical diagnosis of AAH can be challenging to make in patients without a clear alcohol history or in the presence of risk factors for other causes of acute liver failure.Other causes of acute on chronic liver failure such as sepsis or variceal haemorrhage should be considered.Liver biopsy remains the only reliable method to make an accurate diagnosis.However,there is controversy surrounding the use of liver biopsy in patients with AAH because of the risks of performing a percutaneous biopsy and limitations in access to transjugular biopsy.We review the existing literature and find there are few studies directly comparing clinical and histological diagnosis of AAH.In the small number of studies that have been conducted the correlation between a clinical and histological diagnosis of AAH is poor.Due to this lack of agreement together with difficulties in accessing transjugular liver biopsy outside tertiary referral centres and research institutions,we cannot advocate universal biopsy for AAH but there remains a definite role for liver biopsy where there is clinical diagnostic doubt or dual pathology.Italso adds value in a clinical trial context to ensure a homogeneous trial population and to further our understanding of the disease pathology.Further prospective studies are required to determine whether non-invasive markers can be used to accurately diagnose AAH. | Ashwin D Dhanda Peter L Collins C Anne McCune | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，44： | 4 |
| 7 | Axitinib plus gemcitabine versus placebo plus gemcitabine in patients with advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma: a double-blind randomised phase 3 study显示文摘 | Hedy L Kindler Tatsuya Ioka Dirk J Richel Jaafar Bennouna Richard Létourneau Takuji Okusaka Akihiro Funakoshi Junji Furuse Young Suk Park Shinichi Ohkawa Gregory M Springett Harpreet S Wasan Peter C Trask Paul Bycott Alejandro D Ricart Sinil Kim Eric Van | 2011 | Lancet Oncology2011，，3： | 4 |
| 8 | Coexpression of receptor-tyrosine-kinases in gastric adenocarcinoma-a rationale for a molecular targeting strategy?显示文摘AIM: To define the (co-)expression pattern of target receptor-tyrosine-kinases (RTK) in human gastric adenocarcinoma. METHODS: The (co-)expression pattern of VEGFR1-3,PDGFRα/b and EGFR1 was analyzed by RT-PCR in 51 human gastric adenocarcinomas. In addition,IHC staining was applied for confirmation of expression and analysis of RTK localisation. RESULTS: The majority of samples revealed a VEGFR1 (98%),VEGFR2 (80%),VEGFR3 (67%),PDGFRα (82%) and PDGFRβ(82%) expression,whereas only 62% exhibited an EGFR1 expression. 78% of cancers expressed at least four out of six RTKs. While VEGFR1-3 and PDGFRα revealed a predominantly cytoplasmatic staining in tumor cells,accompanied by an additional nuclear staining for VEGFR3 ,EGFR1 was almost exclusively detected on the membrane of tumor cells. PDGFRβ was restricted to stromal pericytes,which also depicted a PDGFRα expression.receptor-tyrosine-kinases coexpression in gastric adenocarcinoma and might therefore encourage an application of multiple-target RTK-inhibitors within a combination therapy. | Daniel Drescher Markus Moehler Ines Gockel Kirsten Frerichs Annett Müller Friedrich Dünschede Thomas Borschitz Stefan Biesterfeld Martin Holtmann Thomas Wehler Andreas Teufel Kerstin Herzer Thomas Fischer Martin R Berger Theodor Junginger Peter R Galle Carl C Schimanski | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，26： | 4 |
| 9 | Preoperative immunonutrition in patients undergoing liver resection:A prospective randomized trial显示文摘BACKGROUND Preoperative supplementation with immunonutrients, including arginine and n-3 fatty acids, has been shown in a number of systematic reviews to reduce infectious complications in patients who have undergone gastrointestinal surgery. Limited information, however, is available on the benefits of nutritional supplementation enriched with arginine and n-3 fatty acids in patients undergoing liver resection.AIM To evaluate the effects of preoperative nutritional supplementation enriched with arginine and n-3 fatty acids on inflammatory and immunologic markers and clinical outcome in patients undergoing liver resection.METHODS Thirty-four patients undergoing liver resection were randomized to either five days of preoperative Impact? [1020 kcal/d, immunonutrition(IMN) group], or standard care [no supplementation, standard care(STD) group]. Nutritional status was measured at study entry by subjective global assessment(SGA).Functional assessments(grip strength, fatigue and performance status) were carried out at study entry, on the day prior to surgery, and on postoperative day(POD) 7 and 30. Inflammatory and immune markers were measured at study entry, on the day prior to surgery, and POD 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 30. Postoperative complications were recorded prospectively until POD30.RESULTS A total of 32 patients(17 IMN and 15 STD) were analysed. All except four patients were SGA class A. The plasma ratio of(eicosapentaenoic acid plus docosahexaenoic acid) to arachidonic acid was higher in IMN patients on the day prior to surgery and POD 1, 3, 5 and 7(P < 0.05). Plasma interleukin(IL)-6 concentrations were elevated in the IMN group(P = 0.017 for POD7). No treatment effect was detected for functional measures, immune response(white cell count and total lymphocytes) or markers of inflammation(C-reactive protein,tumour necrosis factor-α, IL-8, IL-10). There were 10 patients with infectious complications in the IMN group and 4 in the STD group(P = 0.087). Median hospital stay was 9(range 4–49) d in the IMN group and 8(3-34) d in the STD group(P = 0.476).CONCLUSION In well-nourished patients undergoing elective liver resection, this study failed to show any benefit of preoperative immunonutrition. | Kylie Russell Han-Guang Zhang Lyn K GillANDers Adam SJR Bartlett Helena L Fisk Philip C Calder Peter J Swan Lindsay D Plank | 2019 | World Journal of Hepatology2019，11，3： | 3 |
| 10 | Variations in Wool Growth with Nutrient Supply in Northern China显示文摘Field studies on essessment of nutritional status of the grazing sheep were carried out in each of the three major grassland regions, the eastern Inner Mongolia and beyond grassland, the Inner Mongolia - Ningxia - Gansu grassland and the Xinjiang grassland, in northern China. The results obtained showed that the wool production of fine wool sheep in these regions varied between regions and seasons, with similar seasonal patterns in all regions and that reducing the seasonal variations in nutrient supply would enhance wool production substantially. Nutritional limitations to wool growth of the grazing sheep in these regions were suggested, those were: the shortage of protein supply in winter and early spring; the poor quality of much of the pasture and the hay used as supplements, the low energy intake during winter which probably necessitated the use of body stores to maintain body temperature. | D X Lu,Iner(Mongolia Academy of Animal Sciences.Hohhot City.Inner Mongolia Autgolia Autonmous Region.PRC)Z C Feng,(Mongolia Academy of Animal Sciences.Hohhot City.Inner Mongolia Autgolia Autonmous Region.PRC)H R Wang,(Mongolia Academy of Animal Sciences.Hohhot City.Inner Mongolia Autgolia Autonmous Region.PRC)R Z Yang,(Xinjiang Institute of Animal Science.Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science.Yiu Hou Road.Urumqi.Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region PRC)C T Ma,(Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.Lanzhou.Gansu.PRC)D B Purser,(CSIRO Division of Animal Production.Laboratory for Rural Research.Private Bag.P.O.Wembley.Western Australia 6014)J R Lindsay(CSIRO Division of Animal Production.Laboratory for Rural Research.Private Bag.P.O.Wembley.Western Australia 6014)D W Peter(CSIRO Division of Animal Production.Laboratory for Rural Research.Private Bag.P.O.Wembley.Western Australia 6014) | 1997 | 畜牧与饲料科学1997，22，S1： | 3 |
| 11 | DNA damage induced by chronic inflammation contributes to colon carcinogenesis in mice显示文摘 | Meira Lisiane B Bugni James M Green Stephanie L Lee Chung-Wei Pang Bo Borenshtein Diana Rickman Barry H Rogers Arlin B Moroski-Erkul Catherine A McFaline Jose L Schauer David B Dedon Peter C Fox James G Samson Leona D | 2008 | Journal of Clinical Investigation2008，，7： | 2 |
| 12 | Modulation of β-lactam resistance in Staphylococcus aureus by catechins and gallates显示文摘 | Paul D Stapleton Saroj Shah James C Anderson Yukihiko Hara Jeremy M.T Hamilton-Miller Peter W Taylor | 2004 | International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents2004，，5： | 2 |
| 13 | Alterations in levels of CD28^ -/CD8^ + suppressor cell precursor and CD45RO^+/CD4^+ memory T- lymphocytes in the periph- eral blood of multiple sclerosis patients 显示文摘 | Brian C Peter D Herman F | 1995 | Clin Diagn Lab Immunol1995，2，2： | 1 |
| 14 | Surface pH measurements during nickel electrodeposition 显示文摘 | JI J COOPER W C DREISINGER D B PETERS E | 1995 | Journal of Applied Electrochemistry1995，25，7： | 1 |
| 15 | A Tutorial on Visual Servo Control显示文摘 | Seth H Gregory D H Peter I C | 1996 | IEEE Trans on Robotics and Automation1996，12，65： | 1 |
| 16 | Stabilization and Preser- vation of Lactobacillus Acidophilus in Saccharide Matrices显示文摘 | PAUL B C MILLER D P PETER R C | 2000 | Cryobiology2000，41，1： | 1 |
| 17 | Copper isotope ratios in magmatic and hydrothermal ore-forming environments显示文摘 | Peter B Larson Kierran Maher Frank C Ramos Zhaoshan Chang Miguel Gaspar Lawrence D Meinert | 2003 | Chemical Geology2003，，3： | 1 |
| 18 | Intra-organizational networking for innovation-based corporate entrepreneur- ship 显示文摘 | Kelley D Peters L O'Connor G C | 2009 | Journal of Business Venturing2009，24，3： | 1 |
| 19 | A recombinant fowlpox virus that expresses the VP2 antigen of infectious bursal disease virus induces protection against mortality caused by the virus显示文摘 | BAYLISS C D PETERS R W COOK J K A | 1991 | Arch Virol1991，120，： | 1 |
| 20 | Microbial phytase does improve protein-amino acid utilization in soybean meal fed to young chickens显示文摘 | Peter C M D H Baker | 2001 | J Nutr2001，131，： | 1 |
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