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| 1 | Silvicultural alternatives to conventional even-aged forest man-agement-what limits global adoption?显示文摘Background: The development of forestry as a scientific and management discipline over the last two centuries has mainly emphasized intensive management operations focused on increased commodity production, mostly wood. This 'conventional' forest management approach has typically favored production of even-aged, single-species stands. While alternative management regimes have generally received less attention, this has been changing over the last three decades, especially in countries with developed economies. Reasons for this change include a combination of new information and concerns about the ecological consequences of intensive forestry practices and a willingness on the part of many forest owners and society to embrace a wider set of management objectives. Alternative silvicultural approaches are characterized by a set of fundamental principles, including avoidance of clearcutting, an emphasis on structural diversity and small-scale variability, deployment of mixed species with natural regeneration,and avoidance of intensive site-preparation methods.Methods: Our compilation of the authors' experiences and perspectives from various parts of the world aims to initiate a larger discussion concerning the constraints to and the potential of adopting alternative silvicultural practices.Results: The results suggest that a wider adoption of alternative silvicultural practices is currently hindered by a suite of ecological, economic, logistical, informational, cultural, and historical constraints. Individual contexts display their own unique combinations and relative significance of these constraints, and accordingly, targeted efforts, such as regulations and incentives, may help to overcome specific challenges.Conclusions: In a broader context, we propose that less emphases on strict applications of principles and on stand structures might provide additional flexibility and facilitate the adoption of alternative silvicultural regimes in a broader set of circumstances. At the same time, the acceptance of alternative silvicultural systems as the 'preferred or default mode of management' wil necessitate and benefit from the continued development of the scientific basis and valuation of a variety of ecosystem goods and services. This publication is aimed to further the discussion in this context. | Klaus J Puettmann Scott McG Wilson Susan C Baker Pablo J Donoso Lars Dr?ssler Girma Amente Brian D Harvey Thomas Knoke Yuanchang Lu Susanna Nocentini Francis E Putz Toshiya Yoshida Jürgen Bauhus | 2015 | Forest Ecosystems2015，2，2： | 4 |
| 2 | Dehydroepiandrosterone administration modulates endothelial and neutrophil adhesion molecule expression in vitro显示文摘 | Barkhausen T Westphal BM Putz C | 2006 | Crit Care2006，10，4： | 1 |
| 3 | Elastic modulus of single-walled carbon nanotube/poly(methyl methacrylate)nanocomposites显示文摘 | Mitchell C A Krishnamoorti R | 2004 | Journal of Polymer Science Part B:Polymer Physics2004，42，12： | 1 |
| 4 | Differential lesion pattems in CADASIL and sporadic subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy: MR inkaging study with statistical parametric group comparison显示文摘 | Aurer DP Putz B Gossl C | 2001 | Radiology2001，218，： | 1 |
| 5 | Soluble CPG15 expressed during early development rescues cortical progenitors from apoptosis显示文摘 | Putz U Harwell C Nedivi E | | 0，，03： | 1 |
| 6 | Soluble CPG15 expressed during early development rescues cortical progenitors from apoptosis 显示文摘 | Putz U Harwell C Nedivi E | 2005 | Nat Neurosci2005，8，3： | 1 |
| 7 | Tuning the mechanical properties of graphene oxide paper and its associated polymer nanocomposites by controlling cooperative intersheet hydrogen bonding 显示文摘 | COMPTON O C CRANFORD S W PUTZ K W | 2012 | ACS Nano2012，6，3： | 1 |
| 8 | Soluble CPG15 expressed during early development rescues cortical progenitors from apoptosis显示文摘 | PUTZ U HARWELL C NEDIVI E | 2005 | Nat Neurosci2005，8，3： | 1 |
| 9 | Fiber tracking from DTI using linear state space models: detectability of the pyramidal tract显示文摘 | Gossl C Fahrmeir L Putz B | 2002 | Neuroimage2002，16，2： | 1 |
| 10 | Low dose atorvastatin improves dyslipidemia and vascular function in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis after one year of treatment显示文摘 | Stojakovic T Claudel T Putz Bankuti C Fauler G Scharnagl H Wagner M | 2010 | Atherosclerosis2010，209，： | 1 |
| 11 | Tokuhashi prognosis score:an important tool in prediction of the neurological outcome in metastatic spinal cord compression:a retrospective clinical study显示文摘 | Putz C Wiedenhofer B Gerner HJ | 2008 | Spine2008，33，24： | 1 |
| 12 | Additive-free hydrogelation of graphene oxide by ultrasonication 显示文摘 | Compton O C An Z Putz K W | 2012 | Car- bon2012，50，10： | 1 |
| 13 | Immunoreactivity of Lewis blood group and mucin peptide core antigens: correlations with grade of dysplasia and malignant transformation in the colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence 显示文摘 | Baldus SE Hanisch FG Putz C | 2002 | Histol Histopathol2002，17，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Deinkability of waterborne flexo inks by flotation显示文摘 | Ackennann C Putz H J G(o)ttsching L | 1994 | Pulp & Paper Canada1994，98，8： | 1 |
| 15 | Soluble CGP15 expressed during early development rescues cortical progenitors from apoptosis 显示文摘 | Putz U Harwell C Nedivi E | 2005 | Nat Neurosci2005，8，3： | 1 |
| 16 | Soluble CPG15 expressed during early development rescues cortical progenitors from apoptosis显示文摘 | Putz U Harwell C Nedivi E | 2005 | Nature Neuroscience2005，8，： | 1 |
| 17 | Differential lesion patterns in CADASIL and sporadic subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy:MR imaging study with statistical parametric group comparison显示文摘 | Auer DP Putz B Gossl C | 2001 | Radiology2001，218，2： | 1 |
| 18 | Soluble CPG15 expressed duringearly development rescues cortical progenitors from apoptosis显示文摘 | Putz U Harwell C’Nedivi E | 2005 | Nat Neurosci2005，8，3： | 1 |
| 19 | Differential lesion patterns in CADASIL and sporadic subcortical arterosclerotic encephalopathy:MR imaging study with statistical parametric group comparison 显示文摘 | Auer DP Putz B Gossl C | 2001 | Radiology2001，218，2： | 1 |
| 20 | Soluble CPGI5 expressed during early- development rescues cortical progenitors from apoptosis 显示文摘 | Putz U Harwell C Nedivi E | 2005 | Nat Neurosci2005，8，3： | 1 |
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