| 1 | Osteoclast-derived apoptotic bodies couple bone resorption and formation in bone remodeling显示文摘Bone remodeling is precisely coordinated by bone resorption and formation.Apoptotic osteoclasts generate large amounts of apoptotic bodies(ABs)marking the end of the bone resorption phase,whereas the functions of osteoclast-derived ABs remain largely unknown.Here,we identified the molecular profile of ABs derived from osteoclasts at distinct differentiation stages and investigated their corresponding functions.ABs were isolated from apoptotic bone marrow macrophages,preosteoclasts,and mature osteoclasts induced by staurosporine.Proteomic signature analysis with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry suggested marked protein cargo differences among the different ABs.Further bioinformatic analysis showed that the proteomic signatures of the ABs were highly similar to those of their parental cells.Functionally,pOC-ABs induced endothelial progenitor cell differentiation and increased CD31hiEmcnhi endothelial cell formation in a murine bone defect model via their PDGF-BB cargo.mOC-ABs induced osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and facilitated osteogenesis via RANKL reverse signaling.In summary,we mapped the detailed proteomic landscapes of ABs derived from osteoclasts and showed that their potential biological roles are important in coupling bone formation with resorption during bone remodeling. | Qinyu Ma Mengmeng Liang Yutong Wu Fei Luo Zaisong Ma Shiwu Dong Jianzhong Xu Ce Dou | 2021 | Bone Research2021，9，1： | 8 |
| 2 | Efects of sulfuric,nitric,and mixed acid rain on the decomposition of fne root litter in Southern China显示文摘Background:China has been increasingly subject to signifcant acid rain,which has negative impacts on forest ecosystems.Recently,the concentrations of NO_(3)^(−)in acid rain have increased in conjunction with the rapid rise of nitrogen deposition,which makes it difcult to precisely quantify the impacts of acid rain on forest ecosystems.Methods:For this study,mesocosm experiments employed a random block design,comprised of ten treatments involving 120 discrete plots(0.6 m×2.0 m).The decomposition of fne roots and dynamics of nutrient loss were evaluated under the stress of three acid rain analogues(e.g.,sulfuric(SO_(4)^(2−)/NO_(3)^(−)5:1),nitric(1:5),and mixed(1:1)).Furthermore,the infuences of soil properties(e.g.,soil pH,soil total carbon,nitrogen,C/N ratio,available phosphorus,available potassium,and enzyme activity)on the decomposition of fne roots were analyzed.Results:The soil pH and decomposition rate of fne root litter decreased when exposed to simulated acid rain with lower pH levels and higher NO_(3)^(−)concentrations.The activities of soil enzymes were signifcantly reduced when subjected to acid rain with higher acidity.The activities of soil urease were more sensitive to the efects of the SO_(4)^(2−)/NO_(3)^(−)(S/N)ratio of acid rain than other soil enzyme activities over four decomposition time periods.Furthermore,the acid rain pH signifcantly infuenced the total carbon(TC)of fne roots during decomposition.However,the S/N ratio of acid rain had signifcant impacts on the total nitrogen(TN).In addition,the pH and S/N ratio of the acid rain had greater impacts on the metal elements(K,Ca,and Al)of fne roots than did TC,TN,and total phosphorus.Structural equation modeling results revealed that the acid rain pH had a stronger indirect impact(0.757)on the decomposition rate of fne roots(via altered soil pH and enzyme activities)than direct efects.However,the indirect efects of the acid rain S/N ratio(0.265)on the fne root decomposition rate through changes in soil urease activities and the content of litter elements were lower than the pH of acid rain.Conclusions:Our results suggested that the acid rain S/N ratio exacerbates the inhibitory efects of acid rain pH on the decomposition of fne root litter. | Xin Liu Miaojing Meng Yong Zhang Chong Li Shilin Ma Qinyu Li Qiong Ren Yinlong Zhang Jinchi Zhang | 2021 | Ecological Processes2021，10，1： | 0 |
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