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| 1 | Effect of fluence and ambient environment on the surface and structural modification of femtosecond laser irradiated Ti显示文摘Under certain conditions, ultrafast pulsed laser interaction with matter leads to the formation of self-organized conical as well as periodic surface structures(commonly reffered to as, laser induced periodic surface structures, LIPSS). The purpose of the present investigations is to explore the effect of fsec laser fluence and ambient environments(Vacuum &O_2) on the formation of LIPSS and conical structures on the Ti surface. The surface morphology was investigated by scanning electron microscope(SEM). The ablation threshold with single and multiple(N = 100) shots and the existence of an incubation effect was demonstrated by SEM investigations for both the vacuum and the O_2 environment. The phase analysis and chemical composition of the exposed targets were performed by x-ray diffraction(XRD) and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy(EDS), respectively. SEM investigations reveal the formation of LIPSS(nano & micro). FFT d-spacing calculations illustrate the dependence of periodicity on the fluence and ambient environment. The periodicity of nano-scale LIPSS is higher in the case of irradiation under vacuum conditions as compared to O_2. Furthermore, the O2 environment reduces the ablation threshold. XRD data reveal that for the O_2 environment, new phases(oxides of Ti) are formed. EDS analysis exhibits that after irradiation under vacuum conditions, the percentage of impurity element(Al) is reduced. The irradiation in the O_2 environment results in 15% atomic diffusion of oxygen. | Umm-i-Kalsoom Shazia Bashir Nisar Ali M Shahid Rafique Wolfgang Husinsky Chandra S R Nathala Sergey V Makarov Narjis Begum | 2016 | Chinese Physics B2016，25，1： | 2 |
| 2 | Case report: intra-renal paraganglioma masquerading as a renal cyst 显示文摘 | Rafique M Bhutta R A Muzzafar S | 2003 | Int Urol Nephrol2003，35，4： | 1 |
| 3 | Parental bonding and its association with shyness,self-esteem and self-image in teenagers显示文摘 | Malik T Rafique R | 2013 | J Behav Sci2013，23，3： | 1 |
| 4 | Role of leaf hairs of dif-ferent cotton varieties on the population development of cotton aphid(Aphis gossypii Glover)显示文摘 | NAVEED M Attique M R Rafique M | 1995 | Pakistan Journal of Zoology1995，27，： | 1 |
| 5 | Estimating the impact of changing fertilizer application rate, land use, and climate on nitrous oxide emis- sions in Irish grasslands显示文摘 | Kim D G Rafique R Leahy P | 2014 | Plant and Soil2014，374，12： | 1 |
| 6 | Effect of thermal, chemical and thermo-chemical pre-treatments to enhance methane production 显示文摘 | Rafique R Poulsen T G Nizami A S Asam Z Z Murphy J D Kiely G | 2010 | Energy2010，35，： | 1 |
| 7 | Reusable software compo- nents for accelerator-based clusters 显示文摘 | Rafique M M Butt A R Tilevich E | 2011 | The Journal of Sys- tems and Software2011，84，7： | 1 |
| 8 | Increased bodyfat percentage and physical inactivity are independent pre-dictors of gestational diabetes mellitus in South Asian worn-en显示文摘 | Iqbal R Rafique G Badruddin S | 2007 | Eur J Clin Nutr2007，61，6： | 1 |
| 9 | Age related in hospital mortality among pa- tients with acute myocardial infarction 显示文摘 | Abid A R Rafique S | 2004 | Coll Physicians Surg Pak2004，14，5： | 1 |
| 10 | Increased body fat percentage and physical inactivity are independent predictors of gestational diabetes mellitus in South Asian women显示文摘 | Iqbal R Rafique G Badruddin S | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 11 | What are the impacts of grazing and cutting events on the N2O dynamics in humid temperate grassland显示文摘 | Rafique R Anex R Hennessy D | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 12 | Increased body fat percentage and physical inactivity are independent predictors of gestational diabetes mellitus in South Asian women显示文摘 | IQBAL R RAFIQUE G BADRUDDIN S | 2007 | Eur J Cin Nutr2007，61，6： | 1 |
| 13 | Effect of thermal,chemical and thermo-chemical pre-treatments to enhancemethane production显示文摘 | Rafique R Poulsen T G Nizami A | 2010 | Energy2010，35，： | 1 |
| 14 | Role of leaf hairs of different cotton varieties on the population de- velopment of cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover) 显示文摘 | NAVEED M Attique M R Rafique M | 1995 | Pakistan Journal of Zoology1995，27，： | 1 |
| 15 | Laparoscopic versusopen appendectomy: a comparison of primary outcomemeasures显示文摘 | Khalil J Muqim R Rafique M | 2011 | Saudi J Gastroenterol2011，17，4： | 1 |
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