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| 1 | Establishing the presence or absence of chronic kidney disease:Uses and limitations of formulas estimating the glomerular filtration rate显示文摘The development of formulas estimating glomerular filtration rate(eG FR) from serum creatinine and cystatin C and accounting for certain variables affecting the production rate of these biomarkers, including ethnicity, gender and age, has led to the current scheme of diagnosing and staging chronic kidney disease(CKD),which is based on e GFR values and albuminuria.This scheme has been applied extensively in various populations and has led to the current estimates of prevalence of CKD. In addition, this scheme is applied in clinical studies evaluating the risks of CKD and the efficacy of various interventions directed towards improving its course. Disagreements between creatinine-based and cystatin-based e GFR values and between e GFR values and measured GFR have been reported in various cohorts. These disagreements are the consequence of variations in the rate of production and in factors, other than GFR, affecting the rate of removal of creatinine and cystatin C. The disagreements create limitations for all e GFR formulas developed so far. The main limitations are low sensitivity in detecting early CKD in several subjects, e.g., those with hyperfiltration, and poor prediction of the course of CKD. Research efforts in CKD are currently directed towards identification of biomarkers that are better indices of GFR than the current biomarkers and,particularly, biomarkers of early renal tissue injury. | Ahmed Alaini Deepak Malhotra Helbert Rondon-Berrios Christos P Argyropoulos Zeid J Khitan Dominic SC Raj Mark Rohrscheib Joseph I Shapiro Antonios H Tzamaloukas | 2017 | World Journal of Methodology2017，7，3： | 7 |
| 2 | Fluid balance concepts in medicine:Principles and practice显示文摘The regulation of body fluid balance is a key concern in health and disease and comprises three concepts. The first concept pertains to the relationship between total body water(TBW) and total effective solute and is expressed in terms of the tonicity of the body fluids. Disturbances in tonicity are the main factor responsible for changes in cell volume, which can critically affect brain cell function and survival. Solutes distributed almost exclusively in the extracellular compartment(mainly sodium salts) and in the intracellular compartment(mainly potassium salts) contribute to tonicity, while solutes distributed in TBW have no effect on tonicity. The second body fluid balance concept relates to the regulation and measurement of abnormalities of sodium salt balance and extracellular volume. Estimation of extracellular volume is more complex and error prone than measurement of TBW. A key function of extracellular volume, which is defined as the effective arterial blood volume(EABV), is to ensure adequate perfusion of cells and organs. Other factors, including cardiac output, total and regional capacity of both arteries and veins, Starling forces in the capillaries, and gravity also affect the EABV. Collectively, these factors interact closely with extracellular volume and some of them undergo substantial changes in certain acute and chronic severe illnesses. Their changes result not only in extracellular volume expansion, but in the need for a larger extracellular volume compared with that of healthy individuals. Assessing extracellular volume in severe illness is challenging because the estimates of this volume by commonly used methods are prone to large errors in many illnesses. In addition, the optimal extracellular volume may vary from illness to illness, is only partially based on volume measurements by traditional methods, and has not been determined for each illness. Further research is needed to determine optimal extracellular volume levels in several illnesses. For these reasons, extracellular volume in severe illness merits a separate third concept of body fluid balance. | Maria-Eleni Roumelioti Robert H Glew Zeid J Khitan Helbert Rondon-Berrios Christos P Argyropoulos Deepak Malhotra Dominic S Raj Emmanuel I Agaba Mark Rohrscheib Glen H Murata Joseph I Shapiro Antonios H Tzamaloukas | 2018 | World Journal of Nephrology2018，7，1： | 3 |
| 3 | Microcellular polymeric materials from microemulsions:Control of microstructure and morphology显示文摘 | W R P Raj M Sasthav H M Cheung | 1993 | Journal of Applied Polymer Science1993，47，3： | 2 |
| 4 | Medial temporal lobe atrophy on MRI scans and the diagnosis of Alzheimer disease显示文摘 | R Duara D A. Loewenstein E Potter J Appel M T. Greig R Urs Q Shen A Raj B Small W Barker E Schofield Y Wu H Potter | 2008 | Neurology2008，，24： | 2 |
| 5 | Hypertonicity:Clinical entities,manifestations and treatment显示文摘Hypertonicity causes severe clinical manifestations and is associated with mortality and severe short-term and longterm neurological sequelae. The main clinical syndromes of hypertonicity are hypernatremia and hyperglycemia.Hypernatremia results from relative excess of body sodium over body water. Loss of water in excess of intake,gain of sodium salts in excess of losses or a combination of the two are the main mechanisms of hypernatremia.Hypernatremia can be hypervolemic,euvolemic or hypovolemic. The management of hypernatremia addresses both a quantitative replacement of water and,if present,sodium deficit,and correction of the underlying pathophysiologic process that led to hypernatremia.Hypertonicity in hyperglycemia has two components,solute gain secondary to glucose accumulation in the extracellular compartment and water loss through hyperglycemic osmotic diuresis in excess of the losses of sodium and potassium. Differentiating between these two components of hypertonicity has major therapeutic implications because the first component will be reversed simply by normalization of serum glucose concentration while the second component will require hypotonic fluid replacement. An estimate of the magnitude of the relative water deficit secondary to osmotic diuresis is obtained by the corrected sodium concentration,which represents a calculated value of the serum sodium concentration that would result from reduction of the serum glucose concentration to a normal level. | Helbert Rondon-Berrios Christos Argyropoulos Todd S Ing Dominic S Raj Deepak Malhotra Emmanuel I Agaba Mark Rohrscheib Zeid J Khitan Glen H Murata Joseph I Shapiro Antonios H Tzamaloukas | 2017 | World Journal of Nephrology2017，6，1： | 2 |
| 6 | Isolation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Azotobacter chroococcum from local litchi orchards and evaluation of their activity in the air-layers system显示文摘 | SHARMA S D KUMAR P RAJ H | 2009 | Scientia Hortieulturae2009，123，： | 1 |
| 7 | Microcellular polymeric materials from microemulsions:control of microstmcture and morphology显示文摘 | Palani Raj W R Sasthav M Cheung H M | 1993 | J Appl Polym Sci1993，47，3： | 1 |
| 8 | Microcellular polymeric materials from microemulsions:Control of microstructure and morphology显示文摘 | Palani Raj W R Sasthav M Michael Cheng H | 1993 | Journal of Applied Polymer Science1993，47，3： | 1 |
| 9 | Magnetic minerals and magnetic properties of the Siwalik Group sediments of the Karnali River section in Nepal 显示文摘 | Pitambar G Azumi H Raj RK | 2000 | Earth Planets and Space2000，52，5： | 1 |
| 10 | 显示文摘 | Palmi Raj W R Sasthav M Cheung H M | 1992 | Langmuir1992，8，： | 1 |
| 11 | Preop- erative nomogram predicting 12-year probability of metastatic renal cancer显示文摘 | Raj G V Thompson R H Leibovich B C | 2008 | J Urol2008，179，6： | 1 |
| 12 | Polymerization of single - phase microemulsions : dependence of polymer morphology on microemulsion structure 显示文摘 | PALANR W R RAJ MOHAN SASTHAV MICHAEL CHEUNG H | 1995 | Polymer1995，36，13： | 1 |
| 13 | Comparison of the prevention of aflatoxin Bl-induced genotoxicity by quercetin and quercetin pentaacetate显示文摘 | Kohli E Raj H G Kumari R | 2002 | Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters2002，12，18： | 1 |
| 14 | Suppression of src-induced transformed phenotype by expression of tropomyosin-1显示文摘 | Prasad G L Masuelli L Raj M H | 1999 | Oncogene1999，18，11： | 1 |
| 15 | Minimally invasive treatment of female stress urinary incontinenee: I00 cases using SPARC sling显示文摘 | Siddiqui K Raj H Flynn RJ | 2008 | Ir J Med Sci2008，177，1： | 1 |
| 16 | Chromium(VI)resistance and removal by Acinetobacter haemolyticus显示文摘 | PEI Q H SHAHIR S RAJ A S S | 2009 | World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology2009，25，6： | 1 |
| 17 | Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 is a functional receptor for the emerging human coronavirus-EMC 显示文摘 | Raj V S Mou H Smits S L | 2013 | Nature2013，495，7440： | 1 |
| 18 | Microcellular Plymeric Mterials from Mcroemulsions:Control of Mcrostructure and Mrphology显示文摘 | PALANI Raj W R SASTHAV M CHENG Michael H | 1993 | Journal of Aoolied Polymer Science1993，47，3： | 1 |
| 19 | A three-dimensional network coordination polymer,(terephthalato)(pyridine)cadmium,with blue fluorescent emission显示文摘 | Fun H K Raj S S S Xiong R G | 1999 | Dalton Trans1999，，12： | 1 |
| 20 | Minimally invasive treatment of female stress urinary incontinence:100 cases using SPARC sling显示文摘 | Siddiqui K Raj H Flynn R J | 2008 | Ir-J-Med-Sci2008，177，1： | 1 |
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