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| 1 | Role of interleukin-1 and its antagonism of hepatic stellate cell proliferation and liver fibrosis in the Abcb4^(-/-) mouse model显示文摘AIM: To study the interleukin-1(IL-1) pathway as a therapeutic target for liver fibrosis in vitro and in vivo using the ATP-binding cassette transporter b4^(-/-)(Abcb4^(-/-)) mouse model.METHODS: Female and male Abcb4^(-/-) mice from 6 to 13 mo of age were analysed for the degree of cholestasis(liver serum tests), extent of liver fibrosis(hydroxyproline content and Sirius red staining) and tissue-specific activation of signalling pathways such as the IL-1 pathway [quantitative polymerase chain reaction(q PCR)]. For in vivo experiments, murine hepatic stellate cells(HSCs) were isolated via pronasecollagenase perfusion followed by density gradient centrifugation using female mice. Murine HSCs were stimulated with up to 1 ng/m L IL-1β with or without 2.5 μg/m L Anakinra, an IL-1 receptor antagonist, respectively. The proliferation of murine HSCs was assessed via the Brd U assay. The toxicity of Anakinra was evaluated via the fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis(FDH) assay. In vivo 8-wk-old Abcb4^(-/-) mice with an already fully established hepatic phenotype were treated with Anakinra(1 mg/kg body-weight daily intraperitoneally) or vehicle and liver injury and liver fibrosis were evaluated via serum tests, q PCR, hydroxyproline content and Sirius red staining. RESULTS: Liver fibrosis was less pronounced in males than in female Abcb4^(-/-) animals as defined by a lower hydroxyproline content(274 ± 64 μg/g vs 436 ± 80 μg/g liver, respectively; n = 13-15; P < 0.001; MannWhitney U-test) and lower m RNA expression of the profibrogenic tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1(TIMP)(1 ± 0.41 vs 0.66 ± 0.33 fold, respectively; n = 13-15; P < 0.05; Mann-Whitney U-test). Reduced liver fibrosis was associated with significantly lower levels of F4/80 m RNA expression(1 ± 0.28 vs 0.71 ± 0.41 fold, respectively; n = 12-15; P < 0.05; Mann-Whitney U-test) and significantly lower IL-1β m RNA expression levels(1 ± 0.38 vs 0.44 ± 0.26 fold, respectively; n = 13-15; P < 0.001; Mann-Whitney U-test). No gender differences in the serum liver parameters [bilirubin; alanine aminotransferase(ALT); aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase(AP)] were found. In vitro, the administration of IL-1β resulted in a significant increase in HSC proliferation [0.94 ± 0.72 arbitrary units(A.U.) in untreated controls, 1.12 ± 0.80 A.U. at an IL-1β concentration of 0.1 ng/m L and 1.18 ± 0.73 A.U. at an IL-1β concentration of 1 ng/m L in samples from n = 6 donor animals; P < 0.001; analyses of variance(ANOVA)]. Proliferation was reduced significantly by the addition of 2.5 μg/m L Anakinra(0.81 ± 0.60 A.U. in untreated controls, 0.92 ± 0.68 A.U. at an IL-1β concentration of 0.1 ng/m L, and 0.91 ± 0.69 A.U. at an IL-1β concentration of 1 ng/m L; in samples from n = 6 donor animals; P < 0.001; ANOVA) suggesting an anti-proliferative effect of this clinically approved IL-1 receptor antagonist. The FDH assay showed this dose to be non-toxic in HSCs. In vivo, Anakinra had no effect on the hepatic hydroxyprolinecontent, liver serum tests(ALT and AP) and profibrotic(collagen 1α1, collagen 1α2, transforming growth factor-β, and TIMP-1) and anti-fibrotic [matrix metalloproteinase 2(MMP2), MMP9 and MMP13 ] gene expression after 4 wk of treatment. Furthermore, the hepatic IL-1β and F4/80 m RNA expression levels were unaffected by Anakinra treatment.CONCLUSION: IL-1β expression is associated with the degree of liver fibrosis in Abcb4^(-/-) mice and promotes HSC proliferation. IL-1 antagonism shows antifibrotic effects in vitro but not in Abcb4^(-/-) mice. | Florian P Reiter Ralf Wimmer Lena Wottke Renate Artmann Jutta M Nagel Manuel O Carranza Doris Mayr Christian Rust Peter Fickert Michael Trauner Alexander L Gerbes Simon Hohenester Gerald U Denk | 2016 | World Journal of Hepatology2016，8，8： | 3 |
| 2 | Ethylene resistance in flowering ornamental plants – improvements and future perspectives显示文摘Various strategies of plant breeding have been attempted in order to improve the ethylene resistance of flowering ornamental plants. These approaches span from conventional techniques such as simple cross-pollination to new breeding techniques which modify the plants genetically such as precise genome-editing. The main strategies target the ethylene pathway directly;others focus on changing the ethylene pathway indirectly via pathways that are known to be antagonistic to the ethylene pathway, e.g. increasing cytokinin levels. Many of the known elements of the ethylene pathway have been addressed experimentally with the aim of modulating the overall response of the plant to ethylene. Elements of the ethylene pathway that appear particularly promising in this respect include ethylene receptors as ETR1, and transcription factors such as EIN3. Both direct and indirect approaches seem to be successful, nevertheless, although genetic transformation using recombinant DNA has the ability to save much time in the breeding process, they are not readily used by breeders yet. This is primarily due to legislative issues, economic issues, difficulties of implementing this technology in some ornamental plants, as well as how these techniques are publically perceived, particularly in Europe. Recently, newer and more precise genome-editing techniques have become available and they are already being implemented in some crops. New breeding techniques may help change the current situation and pave the way toward a legal and public acceptance if products of these technologies are indistinguishable from plants obtained by conventional techniques. | Andreas Olsen Henrik Lütken Josefine Nymark Hegelund Renate Müller | 2015 | Horticulture Research2015，2，1： | 2 |
| 3 | Mycoplasma gallisepticum : influence of cell invasiveness on the outcome of experimental infection in chickens显示文摘 | Peter Much Florian Winner László Stipkovits Renate Rosengarten Christine Citti | 2002 | FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology2002，，3： | 1 |
| 4 | Partial discharge testing under direct voltage conditions显示文摘 | Renate S Johnl L | 1982 | IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic System1982，18，1： | 1 |
| 5 | Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists Protect Mice from CD95-and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-Mediated Apoptotic Liver Damage显示文摘 | RENATE B MARKUS B WINFRIED L | 2004 | Journal of Pharmacology And Experimental Therapeutics2004，308，： | 1 |
| 6 | Changes in globus pallidus with (Pre) term kernicterus显示文摘 | Paul G Maarten L Renate SL | 2003 | Pediatrics2003，112，61： | 1 |
| 7 | Epidemiology and burden of ro- tavirus disease in Central Asia 显示文摘 | Renat L Elmira U Aynagul K | 2011 | International Journal of Infectious Diseases2011，15，7： | 1 |
| 8 | Sulfamoyloxy-substituted 2-phenylindoles:antiestrogen-based inhibitors of the steroid sulfatase in human breast cancer cells 显示文摘 | Thomas G Renate L Erwin V A | 2002 | Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry2002，10，12： | 1 |
| 9 | THERMOCHROMIC EFFECTS OF LEUCO DYES STUDIED IN POLYPROPYLENE显示文摘A series of thermochromic polypropylene foils were prepared by embedding various leuco dye-developer-solvent systems in the polymer matrix. Bisphenol A, laurylgallate, ethylgallate and p-hydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester were used as developers, crystal violet lactone and 3,3-bis-(1-n-buryl-2-methyl-3-indolyl)-phthalide as dyes and 1-octanoic acid methyl ester as solvent. The molar ratio between the three components of the investigated leuco dye-developer-solvent systems was kept constant. All obtained polypropylene foils exhibit an excellent thermochromic behavior. The foils, prepared by extrusion technology, switch from color to colorless with increasing temperature. The influence of molecular structure of the developer on the intensity of the colored state and the influence of a developer-surfactant complex on the resulting thermochromic properties were investigated. The results are presented and discussed in detail according to a molecular model suggesting that the ring-opening process of the leuco dye is triggered by the formation of dye-developer complexes via H-bondings. | Arno Seeboth Detlef L(o|¨)tzsch Elvira Potechius Renate Vetter | 2006 | Chinese Journal of Polymer Science2006，24，4： | 1 |
| 10 | An approach for qualitative structural analysis显示文摘 | Renate F Kincho H L Yumi I | 1993 | AIEDAM1993，7，3： | 1 |
| 11 | Epidemiology and burden of ro- tavirus disease in Central Asia显示文摘 | Renat L Elmira U Aynagul K | 2011 | International Journal of Diseases2011，15，7： | 1 |
| 12 | Chemotaxis-guided movements in Bacteria 显示文摘 | Renate L Wenyuan S | 2004 | Crit Rev Oral Biol Med2004，15，4： | 1 |
| 13 | Changes in globus pallidus with (Pre) term kernicterus 显示文摘 | Paul G Maarten L Renate S | 2003 | Pediatrics2003，112，： | 1 |
| 14 | Changes in globus pallidus with (Pre) term kernicterus 显示文摘 | Paul G Maarten L Renate S | 2003 | Pediatrics2003，112，： | 1 |
| 15 | Effects of straw, vegetable oil and whey on physical and microbiological properties of a chernozem显示文摘 | Renate S Eberhard L Franz S | 2003 | Applied Soil Ecology2003，22，： | 1 |
| 16 | Changes in globus pal- lidus with(Pre)term kernicterus显示文摘 | Paul G Maarten L Renate S | 2003 | Pediatrics2003，112，61： | 1 |
| 17 | Immunological parameters inhuman exposed to pesticides in the agricultural environment 显示文摘 | Renate SW Wolfgang H Gabriele L | 1999 | Toxicol Lett1999，107，： | 1 |
| 18 | Mating type,Virulence,aggressiveness and metalaxyl resistance of isolates of Phytophthora infestans in Poland显示文摘 | Jadwiga S Sylwester S Renatal L | 2006 | Potato Research2006，49，10： | 1 |
| 19 | Changes in globus pallidus with (pre) term kernieterus显示文摘 | Paul G Maarten L Renate SL | 2003 | Pediatrics2003，112，61： | 1 |
| 20 | Influence of Air Pollution on Humoral Immune Response 显示文摘 | RENATE S W HELGA L GABRIELE L | 1996 | Journal ofClinical1996，49，52： | 1 |
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