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| 1 | Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields stimulation modulates autoimmunity and immune responses:a possible immuno-modulatory therapeutic effect in neurodegenerative diseases显示文摘Increasing evidence shows that extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields(ELF-EMFs) stimulation is able to exert a certain action on autoimmunity and immune cells. In the past, the efficacy of pulsed ELFEMFs in alleviating the symptoms and the progression of multiple sclerosis has been supported through their action on neurotransmission and on the autoimmune mechanisms responsible for demyelination. Regarding the immune system, ELF-EMF exposure contributes to a general activation of macrophages, resulting in changes of autoimmunity and several immunological reactions, such as increased reactive oxygen species-formation, enhanced phagocytic activity and increased production of chemokines. Transcranial electromagnetic brain stimulation is a non-invasive novel technique used recently to treat different neurodegenerative disorders, in particular Alzheimer's disease. Despite its proven value, the mechanisms through which EMF brain-stimulation exerts its beneficial action on neuronal function remains unclear. Recent studies have shown that its beneficial effects may be due to a neuroprotective effect on oxidative cell damage. On the basis of in vitro and clinical studies on brain activity, modulation by ELF-EMFs could possibly counteract the aberrant pro-inflammatory responses present in neurodegenerative disorders reducing their severity and their onset. The objective of this review is to provide a systematic overview of the published literature on EMFs and outline the most promising effects of ELF-EMFs in developing treatments of neurodegenerative disorders. In this regard, we review data supporting the role of ELF-EMF in generating immune-modulatory responses, neuromodulation, and potential neuroprotective benefits. Nonetheless, we reckon that the underlying mechanisms of interaction between EMF and the immune system are still to be completely understood and need further studies at a molecular level. | Fabio Guerriero Giovanni Ricevuti | 2016 | Neural Regeneration Research2016，11，12： | 2 |
| 2 | Immune activation as effect modifier of atherogenesis in chronic infection 显示文摘 | Ricevuti G Grini D Gasparetto C | 2002 | Int Rev Immunol2002，21，1： | 1 |
| 3 | Increased expression of neutrophil and monocyte adhesion molecules in unstable coronary artery disease显示文摘 | Mazzone A De Servi S Ricevuti G | 1993 | Circulation1993，88，： | 1 |
| 4 | Increased expression of neutrophil and monocyte adhesion molecules in unstable coronary artery disease显示文摘 | Mazzone A De Servi S Ricevuti G | | 0，，02： | 1 |
| 5 | Clinical and angiographic correlates of leukocyte activation in unstable angina显示文摘 | De Servi S Mazzone A Ricevuti G | | 0，，05： | 1 |
| 6 | In vivo and in vitro He-Ne laser effects on phagocyte functions显示文摘 | Ricevuti G Mazzone A Monaia C | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 7 | Granulocyte activation after coronary angioplasty in humans显示文摘 | De Servi S Mazzone A Ricevuti G | 1990 | Circulation1990，82，1： | 1 |
| 8 | Increased expression of neutrophil and monocyte adhesion in unstable coronary artery disease显示文摘 | MAZZONE A SERVI S D RICEVUTI G | 1993 | Circulation1993，88，2： | 1 |
| 9 | Expression of neutrophil and monocyte adhesion moleucules at different sites of the coronary tree in unstable angina pectoris显示文摘 | Servi S Mazzone A Ricevuti G | 1996 | Am J Cardiol1996，78，： | 1 |
| 10 | Plasma levels of procalcitonin and interleukin-6 in acute myocardial infarction显示文摘 | Buratti T Ricevuti G Pechlaner C | 2001 | Inflammation2001，25，： | 1 |
| 11 | Increased expression of neutrophil and monocyte adhesion molecules in unstable coronary artery disease显示文摘 | De Servi S Ricevuti G | 1993 | Circulation1993，88，： | 1 |
| 12 | Clinical and angiographic correlates of leukocyte activation in unstable angina显示文摘 | De Servi S Mazzone A Ricevuti G | 1995 | J Am Coll Cardiol1995，26，5： | 1 |
| 13 | Plasma levels of procalcitonin and interleukin 6 in acute myocardial infarction显示文摘 | Buratti T Ricevuti G Pechlaner C | 2001 | Inflammation2001，25，2： | 1 |
| 14 | Serum, sputum and bronchial concentrations of erythromycin in chronic bronchitis after single and multiple trcatments with either propionate-N-acetylcsteinate or stearate erythromycin 显示文摘 | RICEVUTI G PASOTTI D MAZZONE A | 1988 | Chemotherapy1988，34，5： | 1 |
| 15 | Increased expression of neutrophil and monocyte adhesion molecules in unstable coronary artery disease显示文摘 | Mazzone A de Servi S Ricevuti G | 1993 | Circulation1993，88，： | 1 |
| 16 | Plasma levels of procalcitonin and interleukin-6 in acute myocardial infarction 显示文摘 | Buratti T Ricevuti G Pechlaner C | 2001 | Inflammation2001，25，： | 1 |
| 17 | Expression of neutrophil and monocyte CD11B/CD18 adhesion molecules at different sites of the coronary tree in unstable angina pectoris显示文摘 | de Servi S Mazzone A Ricevuti G | 1996 | Am J Cardiol1996，78，5： | 1 |
| 18 | Granulocytes activiation after coronary angioplasty in humans显示文摘 | Mazzone A Ricevuti G | 1990 | Circulation1990，82，12： | 1 |
| 19 | Pharmacokinetics of dipyridamole-beta-cyclodextrin complex in healthy volunteers after single and multiple doses 显示文摘 | Ricevuti G Mazzone A Pasotti D | 1991 | Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet1991，16，3： | 1 |
| 20 | Granulocyte activation after coronary angioplasty in humans显示文摘 | Servi SD Mazzone A Ricevuti G | 1990 | Circulation1990，82，： | 1 |
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