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| 1 | 最新AD研究用诊断标准:IWG-2标准显示文摘在过去的8年中,国际工作组织(IWG)和美国国立老化研究院-阿尔茨海默协会(NIA-AA)建立了阿尔茨海默病(AD)诊断标准,它能更好地定义AD的临床表型,整合了生物标记物于诊断流程中,并覆盖了疾病的全程。本意见书充分地权衡了IWG标准的优缺点,建议改进诊断框架。依据这些改进,AD的诊断变得简单,只要有恰当的AD临床表型(典型或不典型)和与AD的病理相一致的病理生理学生物标志物出现。我们认为疾病的下游的定位性生物标志,如容积性磁共振成像(MRI)和氟脱氧葡萄糖-正电子发射型计算机断层成像(FDG-PET)等,适合更好地测量和监测疾病过程。本文还详述了非典型性AD、混合性AD和AD临床前期的特异诊断标准。 | 陈刚 曹雯炜 俞羚 糜建华 Dubois B Feldman HH Jacova C Hampel H Molinuevo JL Blennow K DeK osky ST Gauthier S Selkoe D Bateman R Cappa S Crutch S Engelborghs S Frisoni GB Fox NC Galasko D Habert MO Jicha GA Nordberg A Pasquier F Rabinovici G Robert P Rowe C Salloway S Sarazin M Epelbaum S de Souza LC Vellas B Visser PJ Schneider L Stern Y Scheltens P Cummings JL | 2014 | 神经病学与神经康复学杂志2014，11，3： | 31 |
| 2 | Nutritional support teams increase percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy uptake in motor neuron disease显示文摘AIM:To examine factors influencing percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy(PEG) uptake and outcomes in motor neuron disease(MND) in a tertiary care centre.METHODS:Case notes from all patients with a confirmed diagnosis of MND who had attended the clinic at the Repatriation General Hospital between January 2007 and January 2011 and who had since died,were audited.Data were extracted for demographics(age and gender),disease characteristics(date of onset,bulbar or peripheral predominance,complications),date and nature of discussion of gastrostomy insertion,nutritional status [weight measurements,body mass index(BMI)],date of gastrostomy insertion and subsequent progress(duration of survival) and quality of life(QoL) [Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-Revised(ALSFRS-R)].In addition,the type of clinician initiating the discussion regarding gastrostomy was recorded as Nutritional Support Team(involved in providing nutrition input viz Gastroenterologist,Speech Pathologist,Dietitian) and other(involved in non-nutritional aspects of patient care).Factors affecting placement and outcomes including length of survival,change in weight and QoL were determined.RESULTS:Case records were available for all 86 patients(49 men,mean age at diagnosis 66.4 years).Thirty-eight patients had bulbar symptoms and 48 had peripheral disease as their presenting feature.Sixty-six patients reported dysphagia.Thirty-one patients had undergone gastrostomy insertion.The major indications for PEG placement were dysphagia and weight loss.Nine patients required immediate full feeding,whereas 17 patients initially used the gastrostomy to supplement oral intake,4 for medication administration and 1 for hydration.Initially the PEG regime met 73% ± 31% of the estimated total energy requirements,increasing to 87% ± 32% prior to death.There was stabilization of weight in patients undergoing gastrostomy [BMI at 3 mo(22.6 ± 2.2 kg/m 2) and 6 mo(22.5 ± 2.0 kg/m 2) after PEG placement compared to weight at the time of the procedure(22.5 ± 3.0 kg/m 2)].However,weight loss recurred in the terminal stages of the illness.There was a strong trend for longer survival from diagnosis among MND in PEG recipients with limb onset presentation compared to similar patients who did not undergo the procedure(P = 0.063).Initial discussions regarding PEG insertion occurred earlier after diagnosis when seen by nutrition support team(NST) clinicians compared to other clinicians.(5.4 ± 7.0 mo vs 11.9 ± 13.4 mo,P = 0.028).There was a significant increase in PEG uptake(56% vs 24%,P = 0.011) if PEG discussions were initiated by the NST staff compared to other clinicians.There was no change in the ALSFRS-R score in patients who underwent PEG(pre 34.1 ± 8.6 vs post 34.8 ± 7.4),although in non-PEG recipients there was a nonsignificant fall in this score(33.7 ± 7.9 vs 31.6 ± 8.8).Four patients died within one month of the procedure,4 developed bacterial site infection requiring antibiotics and 1 required endoscopic therapy for gastric bleeding.Less serious complications attributed to the procedure included persistent gastrostomy site discomfort,poor appetite,altered bowel function and bloating.CONCLUSION:Initial discussion with NST clinicians increases PEG uptake in MND.Gastrostomy stabilizes patient weight but weight loss recurs with advancing disease. | Lin Zhang Leanne Sanders Robert JL Fraser | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，44： | 6 |
| 3 | The safety of induced ventricular fibrillation during cardiopukronary bypass in nonhypertrophied hearts显示文摘 | Robert W Anderson | 1997 | J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg1997，74，： | 1 |
| 4 | Heparin-protein interactions显示文摘 | Ishan C Robert JL | 2002 | Angew Chem Int Ed2002，41，： | 1 |
| 5 | The carboxyl-terminal region of IkappaB kinase gamma (IKK-gamma) is required for full IKK activation显示文摘 | Makris C Roberts JL Karin M | | 0，，18： | 1 |
| 6 | Clinical description, histopathology, scanning electron microscopy of a previously unreported large pedigree显示文摘 | Roberts JL | 1999 | J Investig Dermatol symp Proc1999，4，3： | 1 |
| 7 | Factors influencing regional patency and configuration of the human infant upper airway显示文摘 | Reed WR Roberts JL Thach BT | | 0，，02： | 1 |
| 8 | Ligand- independent effects of estrogen receptor beta on mouse gonadotropin-releasing hormone promoteractivity显示文摘 | Pak TR Chung WC Roberts JL | 2006 | Endocrinology2006，147，： | 1 |
| 9 | Postnatal development of gonadotropin-releasing hormone and cyclophilin gene expression in the female and male rat brain显示文摘 | Jakubowski M Blum M Roberts JL | 1991 | Endocrinology1991，128，： | 1 |
| 10 | Mucins and inflammatory bowel disease显示文摘 | Tarek S Robert JL Anthony PC | 2000 | Postgrad Med J2000，76，： | 1 |
| 11 | Liquid crystalline polysiloxanes with thioether type spacers andchiral biphenyl mesogens显示文摘 | Milano JC Robert JM Vernet JL | 1999 | Macromol Chem Phys1999，200，： | 1 |
| 12 | The carboxyl-terminal re-gion of IκB kinase gamma(IKKγ)is required for full IKK activation显示文摘 | Markris C Roberts JL Karin M | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 13 | c-myc,c-fos,and c-myb gene expression in human pituitary adenomas显示文摘 | Woloschak M Roberts JL Post K | 1994 | J Clin Enldocrinol Metab1994，79，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Corneal flap thickness and topography changes induced by flap creation during laser in situ keratomileusis显示文摘 | Gliell JL Velasco F Roberts C | 2005 | J Cataract Refract Surg2005，31，1： | 1 |
| 15 | In vivo pharmacokinetics of calreticulin S-domain, an inhibitor of the classical complement pathway 显示文摘 | Nicholas JL Heiko S Robert BS | 2002 | Int lmmunopharmacol2002，2，4： | 1 |
| 16 | Anti-β adrenergic receptor antibodies and heart failure: causation, not just correlation 显示文摘 | Nell JF Robert JL | 2004 | J Clin Invest2004，113，10： | 1 |
| 17 | Mechanical properties of human tracheal cartilage显示文摘 | Bert JL Roberts CR | 1992 | J Appl Physiol1992，72，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Loss of the alpha isoform of calcineurin is sufficient to induce nephrotoxicity and altered expression of transforming growth factor-beta显示文摘 | Roberts BR Cobbs SL | 2007 | Transplantation2007，83，4： | 1 |
| 19 | Selective T-cell subset ablation demonstrates a role for T1 and T2 cells in ongoing acute graft-versus-host disease: a model system for the reversal of disease显示文摘 | Liu JL Anderson BE Robert ME | 2001 | Blood2001，98，12： | 1 |
| 20 | Unusual clinical and immunologic manifestation of transplacentally acquired maternal T cells in severe combined immunodeficiency 显示文摘 | Palmer K Green TD Roberts JL | 2007 | J Allergy Clin lmmunol2007，120，2： | 1 |
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