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| 1 | Catatonia:Our current understanding of its diagnosis, treatment and pathophysiology显示文摘Catatonia is a psychomotor syndrome that has been reported to occur in more than 10% of patients with acute psychiatric illnesses. Two subtypes of the syndrome have been identified. Catatonia of the retarded type is characterized by immobility, mutism, staring, rigidity, and a host of other clinical signs. Excited catatonia is a less common presentation in which patients develop prolonged periods of psychomotor agitation. Once thought to be a subtype of schizophrenia, catatonia is now recognized to occur with a broad spectrum of medical and psychiatric illnesses, particularly affective disorders. In many cases, the catatonia must be treated before any underlying conditions can be accurately diagnosed. Most patients with the syndrome respond rapidly to low-dose benzodiazepines, but electroconvulsive therapy is occasionally required. Patients with longstanding catatonia or a diagnosis of schizophrenia may be less likely to respond. The pathobiology of catatonia is poorly understood, although abnormalities in gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamate signaling have been suggested as causative factors. Because catatonia is common, highly treatable, and associated with significant morbidity and mortality if left untreated, physicians should maintain a high level of suspicion for this complex clinical syndrome. Since 1989, we have systematically assessed patients presenting to our psychiatry service with signs of retarded catatonia. In this paper, we present a review of the current literature on catatonia along with findings from the 220 cases we have assessed and treated. | Sean A Rasmussen Michael F Mazurek Patricia I Rosebush | 2016 | World Journal of Psychiatry2016，6，4： | 7 |
| 2 | Nettroleptic malignant syndrome: a neuroimmunologic hypothesis 显示文摘 | Anglin RE Rosebush PI Mazuk MF | 2010 | CMAJ2010，182，18： | 1 |
| 3 | Neuroleptic malignant syndrome :a neuro-immunologic hypothesis显示文摘 | Anglin RE Rosebush PI Mazurek MF | 2010 | CMAJ2010，14，18： | 1 |
| 4 | Oral cancer: enduring characteristics and emerging trends显示文摘 | Rosebush MS Rao SK Samant S | 2012 | J Mich Dent Assoc2012，94，2： | 1 |
| 5 | Prospective analysis of 24 episodes of NMS显示文摘 | Rosebush PA | 1989 | Am JPsytchiatry1989，146，： | 1 |
| 6 | Serum iron and neuroleptic malignant syndrome显示文摘 | Rosebush PI Mazurek MF | | 0，，8760： | 1 |
| 7 | Oral cancer: enduring char- acteristics and emerging trends 显示文摘 | Rosebush MS Rao SK Samant S | 2012 | J Tenn Dent Assoc2012，94，2： | 1 |
| 8 | A prospective analysis of 24 episodes of neuroleptic malignant syndrome显示文摘 | Rosebush P Stewart T | 1989 | Am J Psychiatry1989，146，6： | 1 |
| 9 | Peripheral giant cell granulomas:a series of 279 cases显示文摘 | Lester SR Cordell KG Rosebush MS | 2014 | Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol2014，118，4： | 1 |
| 10 | Serum iron and neuroleptic malignant syndrome 显示文摘 | Rosebush PI Mazurek MF | 1991 | Lancet1991，338，： | 1 |
| 11 | Oral cancer:enduring characteristics and emerging trends显示文摘 | Rosebush MS Rao SK Samant S | 2012 | J Mich Dent Assoc2012，94，2： | 1 |
| 12 | Catatonia after benzodiazepine withdrawal 显示文摘 | Rosebush PI Mazurek MF | 1996 | Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology1996，，： | 1 |
| 13 | Psychotropic medications and mitochondrial toxicity显示文摘 | Anglin R Rosebush P Mazurek M | 2012 | Nat Rev Neurosci2012，13，9： | 1 |
| 14 | Recognizing neuroleptic malignant syndrome 显示文摘 | Rosebush PI Garside S Mazurek MF | 2004 | CMAJ2004，170，11： | 1 |
| 15 | Neuroleptic malignant syndrome: a neuroimmunologie hypothesis 显示文摘 | Anglin RE Rosebush PI Mazurek MF | 2010 | CMAJ2010，182，18： | 1 |
| 16 | Recognizing neuroleptic malignant syndrome显示文摘 | Rosebush PI Garside S Mazurek MF | 2004 | CMAJ2004，170，11： | 1 |
| 17 | Oral cancer: enduring characteristics and emerging trends显示文摘 | Rosebush MS Rao SK Samant S | 2012 | J Mich Dent Assoc2012，94，2： | 1 |
| 18 | Treatment of conversion disorder in the 21st century:have we moved beyond the couch显示文摘 | Rosebush PI Mazurek MF | | 0，，03： | 1 |
| 19 | A prospective analysis of 24 episodes of neuroleptic malignant syndrome 显示文摘 | Rosebush P Stewart T | 1989 | Am J Psychiatry1989，146，6： | 1 |
| 20 | Neuroleptic malignant syndrome: a neuroimmunologic hypothesis 显示文摘 | Anglin RE Rosebush PI Mazurek MF | 2010 | CMAJ2010，182，18： | 1 |
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