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| 1 | The effects of exercise on cognition in Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review显示文摘Cognitive impairments are highly prevalent in Parkinson’s disease(PD)and can substantially affect a patient’s quality of life.These impairments remain difficult to manage with current clinical therapies,but exercise has been identified as a possible treatment.The objective of this systematic review was to accumulate and analyze evidence for the effects of exercise on cognition in both animal models of PD and human disease.This systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)statement.Fourteen original reports were identified,including six pre-clinical animal studies and eight human clinical studies.These studies used various exercise interventions and evaluated many different outcome measures;therefore,only a qualitative synthesis was performed.The evidence from animal studies supports the role of exercise to improve cognition in humans through the promotion of neuronal proliferation,neuroprotection and neurogenesis.These findings warrant more research to determine what roles these neural mechanisms play in clinical populations.The reports on cognitive changes in clinical studies demonstrate that a range of exercise programs can improve cognition in humans.While each clinical study demonstrated improvements in a marker of cognition,there were limitations in each study,including non-randomized designs and risk of bias.The Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development and Evaluation(GRADE)system was used and the quality of the evidence for human studies were rated from“low”to“moderate”and the strength of the recommendations were rated from“weak”to“strong”.Studies that assessed executive function,compared to general cognitive abilities,received a higher GRADE rating.Overall,this systematic review found that in animal models exercise results in behavioral and corresponding neurobiological changes in the basal ganglia related to cognition.The clinical studies showed that various types of exercise,including aerobic,resistance and dance can improve cognitive function,although the optimal type,amount,mechanisms,and duration of exercise are unclear.With growing support for exercise to improve not only motor symptoms,but also cognitive impairments in PD,health care providers and policy makers should recommend exercise as part of routine management and neurorehabilitation for this disorder. | Danielle K Murray Matthew A Sacheli Janice J Eng A Jon Stoessl | 2014 | Translational Neurodegeneration2014，3，1： | 3 |
| 2 | 带双质量飞轮的动力传动系统各种工况的仿真显示文摘节约实车试验和减少开发周期和成本的一个必不可少的工具是通过各种行驶条件下的仿真来确定双质量飞轮(DMF)的最优参数。另外,仿真还能确定应用于当前设计的新方法的效能。 | Hartmut Bach Wolfgang Kücks Michael Triebel ZF Sachs AG Schweinfurt | 2008 | 传动技术2008，22，3： | 3 |
| 3 | Random breakage and reunion chromosome aberration formation model: an interac-tion-distance version based on chromatin geometry 显示文摘 | Sachs R K Levy D Chen A M | 2000 | Int J Radiat Biol2000，76，： | 1 |
| 4 | 查看详情显示文摘 | K(r)epelová A Reich T Sachs S | | 0，，01： | 1 |
| 5 | Earthquake time histories and response spectra显示文摘 | Scanlan R H Sachs K | 1974 | Journal of Engineering Mechanics ASCE1974，，4： | 1 |
| 6 | Persistent rejection of peritubular capillaries and tubules is associated with progressive interstitial fibrosis显示文摘 | Shimizu A Yamada K Sachs D et a1 | 2002 | Kidney Int2002，61，5： | 1 |
| 7 | 查看详情显示文摘 | K(r)epelová A Sachs S Bernhard G | | 0，，12： | 1 |
| 8 | A new coarse-to-fine method for computing disparity images by sampling disparity spaces显示文摘 | Sach L T Hamamoto K Atsuta K | 2009 | Transactions of the Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan2009，129，1： | 1 |
| 9 | Structure of miniature swine class Ⅱ DRB genes:conservation of hypervariable amino acid residues between distantly related mammalian species显示文摘 | Germana S Hirsch F Pratt K LeGuern C Sachs D H | 1990 | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA1990，87，： | 1 |
| 10 | 查看详情显示文摘 | K?epelová A Brendler V Sachs S | | 0，，17： | 1 |
| 11 | Molecularpaleohydrology: Interpreting the hydrogen isotopiccomposition of lipid biomarkers from photosynthesizing organisms 显示文摘 | Sachse D Billault I Bowen G Y Chikaraishi Y Dawson T E Feakins S J Freeman K H Magill C R McInerney F A vander Meer M T J Polissar P Robins R J Sachs J P Schmidt HL Sessions A L White J W C West J B Kahmen A | 2012 | Ann Rev Earth Planet Sci2012，40，： | 1 |
| 12 | Causal protein-signal-ing networks derived from multiparameter single-cell data 显示文摘 | Sachs K Perez O Pc' er D | 2005 | Science2005，308，5721： | 1 |
| 13 | BCL-2 inhibition targets oxidative phosphorylation and selectively eradicates quiescent human leukemia stem cells显示文摘 | Lagadinou E D Sach A Callahan K | 2013 | Cell Stem Cell2013，12，3： | 1 |
| 14 | Basal ganglia calcifications on CT relation to hypoparathyroidism 显示文摘 | SACHS C SJOBERG H E ERICSON K | 1982 | Neurology1982，32，7： | 1 |
| 15 | The gastric biology of Helicobacter pylori显示文摘 | Sachs G Weeks DL Melchers K | 2003 | Annu Rev Physiol2003，65，： | 1 |
| 16 | 查看详情显示文摘 | Schmeide K Sachs S Bubner M | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 17 | Murine anti-swine T4 and T8 monoclonal antibodies:Distribution and effects on proliferative and cytotoxie T cells 显示文摘 | Pescovitz M D Lunney J K Sachs D H | 1985 | J Immunol1985，134，： | 1 |
| 18 | The gastric biology of Hellcobacter pylori显示文摘 | Sachs G Weeks D L Melchers K | 2003 | Annu Rev Physiol2003，65，： | 1 |
| 19 | Basal ganglia calcifications on CT relation to hypoparathyroidism显示文摘 | Sachs C Sjoberg HE Ericson K | 1982 | Neurology1982，32，3： | 1 |
| 20 | Biostability of micro-photodiode arrays for subretinal implantation显示文摘 | Hammerle H Kobuch K Kohler K Nisch W Sachs H Stelzle M | 2002 | Biomaterials2002，23，3： | 1 |
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