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| 1 | A Model to Predict Stall Inception of Transonic Axial Flow Fan/Compressors显示文摘A stall inception model for transonic fan/compressors is presented in this paper. It can be shown that under some assumptions the solution of unsteady flow field consists of pressure wave which propagates upstream or downstream, vortex wave and entropy wave convected with the mean flow speed. By further using the mode-matching technique and applying the conservation law and conditions reflecting the loss characteristics of a compressor in the inlet and outlet of the rotor or stator blade rows, a group of homogeneous equations can be obtained from which the stability equation can be derived. Based on the analysis of the unsteady phenomenon caused by casing treatments, the function of casing treatments has been modeled by a wall impedance condition which has been included in the stability model through the eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenfunctions of the system. Besides, the effect of shock waves in cascade channel on the stability prediction is also considered in the stall inception model. Finally, some numerical analysis and experimental investigation are also conducted with emphasis on the mutual comparison. | SUN Xiaofeng SUN Dakun YU Weiwei | 2011 | Chinese Journal of Aeronautics2011，24，6： | 20 |
| 2 | Recent development of casing treatments for aeroengine compressors显示文摘Casing treatment is a mature stabilization technique which has been widely applied on aero-engines for modern aircrafts and turbo-chargers for automobiles. After the investigations of half century since the 1960 s, this technique has been well developed for various configurations with different effectiveness. From the perspective of stabilization mechanism, this paper roughly categorizes the configurations of casing treatment into two types: traditional ones which work by affecting the flow structure of blade tip region; a novel one named as Stall Precursor-Suppressed(SPS) casing treatment. The effectiveness of both types will be demonstrated for their applications on axial compressors and centrifugal compressors with uniform or distorted inlet. And the stabilization mechanism of casing treatments for regular types and SPS one will also be explained respectively. In addition, this review will summarize the methodologies of casing treatments with the numerical simulations for regular grooved configurations and the eigenvalue approach for SPS casing treatment.Looking forward to the future of compressor stabilization, casing treatment technique will still exist as a general and inexpensive option, and the exploration for its effectiveness and mechanism will be deeper with the development of computational fluid dynamics and advanced measurement techniques. | Xiaofeng SUN Xu DONG Dakun SUN | 2019 | Chinese Journal of Aeronautics2019，32，1： | 16 |
| 3 | Flow Stability Model for Fan/Compressors with Annular Duct and Novel Casing Treatment显示文摘A three-dimensional compressible flow stability model is presented in this paper, which focuses on stall inception of multi-stage axial flow compressors with a finite large radius annular duct configuration for the first time. It is shown that under some assumptions, the stability equation can be obtained yielding from a group of homogeneous equations. The stability can be judged by the non-dimensional imaginary part of the resultant complex frequency eigenvalue. Further more, based on the analysis of the unsteady phenomenon caused by casing treatment, the function of casing treatment has been modeled by a wall impedance condition which is included in the stability model through the eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenfunctions of the system. Finally, some experimental investigation and two numerical evaluation cases are conducted to validate this model and emphasis is placed on numerically studying the sensitivity of the setup of different boundary conditions on the stall inception of axial flow fan/compressors. A novel casing treatment which consists of a backchamber and a perforated plate is suggested, and it is noted that the open area ratio of the casing treatment is less than 10%, and is far smaller than conventional casing treatment with open area ratio of over 50%, which could result in stall margin improvement without obvious efficiency loss of fan/compressors. | LIU Xiaohua SUN Dakun SUN Xiaofeng WANG Xiaoyu | 2012 | Chinese Journal of Aeronautics2012，25，2： | 12 |
| 4 | Influence of SPS casing treatment on axial flow compressor subjected to radial pressure distortion显示文摘The present work is about the stall margin enhancement ability of a kind of stall precursor-suppressed(SPS) casing treatment when fan/compressor suffers from a radial total pressure inlet distortion.Experimental researches are conducted on a low-speed compressor with and without SPS casing treatment under radial distorted inlet flow of different levels as well as uniform inlet flow.The distorted flow fields of different levels are generated by annular distortion flow generators of different heights.The characteristic curves under these conditions are measured and analyzed.The results show that the radial inlet distortion could cause a stall margin loss from 2%to30%under different distorted levels.The SPS casing treatment could remedy this stall margin loss under small distortion level and only partly make up the stall margin loss caused by distortion in large level without leading to perceptible additional efficiency loss and obvious change of characteristic curves.The pre-stall behavior of the compressor is investigated to reveal the mechanism of this stall margin improvement ability of the SPS casing treatment.The results do show that this casing treatment delays the occurrence of rotating stall by weakening the pressure perturbations and suppressing the nonlinear amplification of the stall precursor waves in the compression system. | Li Fanyu Li Jun Dong Xu Sun Dakun Sun Xiaofeng | 2017 | Chinese Journal of Aeronautics2017，30，2： | 8 |
| 5 | Experimental investigation on SPS casing treatment with bias flow显示文摘Generally, casing treatment(CT) is a passivity method to enhance the stall margin of fan/compressor. A novel casing treatment based on the small disturbance theory and vortex and wave interaction suggestion is a method combining passive control and active control, which has been proved effective at enhancing the stall margin of fan/compressor in experiment. In order to investigate the mechanism of this kind of casing treatment, an experimental investigation of a stall precursor-suppressed(SPS) casing treatment with air suction or blowing air is conducted in the present paper. The SPS casing treatment is designed to suppressing stall precursors to realize stall margin enhancement in turbomachinery. The experimental results show that the casing treatment with blowing air of small quantity can improve the stall margin by about 8% with about 1% efficiency loss. By contrast, the SPS casing treatment with micro-bias flow does not improve the stall margin much more than that without bias flow, even worse. Meanwhile, the present investigation has also attempted to reveal the mechanism of stall margin improvement with the casing treatment.It is found that the stall margin improvements vary with the modification of the unsteady shedding flow and the unsteady wall boundary impedance. The experimental results agree fairly well with the theoretical prediction using a flow stability model of rotating stall. | Dong Xu Liu Xiaohua Sun Dakun Sun Xiaofeng | 2014 | Chinese Journal of Aeronautics2014，27，6： | 5 |
| 6 | Prediction of stall inception in multi-stage compressors based on an eigenvalue approach显示文摘A stability model for multi-stage compressor is developed on the basis of the eigenvalue approach.This model assumes that the unsteady flow field can be decomposed into pressure,vortex and entropy waves.Besides,a linear cascade of blades is modeled by three-dimensional semi-actuator disk theory and the characteristics of steady flow field are also considered in the present model.The connection between the analytical solution for stator,rotor and gap can be established by applying mode matching approach,the relevant stability equation can be expressed in the form of matrix,while the compressor system stability can be judged by the imaginary part of the matrix eigenvalue.The capacity of the stall inception model to predict the stall inception point of multi-stage compressor is assessed against the experimental data of National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA) two stage fan.The theoretical results show that this model can predict the stall onset points of a two-stage fan at different operating speeds with a reasonable accuracy. | CHENG FanJie SUN DaKun DONG Xu SUN XiaoFeng | 2017 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2017，60，8： | 3 |
| 7 | Effect of system response on partial surge initiated instability in a transonic axial flow compressor显示文摘Partial surge is a type of instability inception in transonic compressors and occurs in the form of axisymmetric low-frequency disturbances localized in the hub region.Previous studies illustrate that the frequency of partial surge is set by the Helmholtz frequency of the entire system,which motivates to propose a hypothesis that the system response performs an important role in the formation of partial surge.For further verification,a series of experiments are conducted to explore the link between the propagating of the partial surge and the system feedback in this study.In the first case,an additional test point is set on the wall of the plenum to detect the system response.Combining the flow behaviors inside the plenum with the disturbances in the rotor tip and stator hub/tip regions,the effects of the system feedback on the occurrence of the continuous disturbances and the rotating stall cells are illustrated.In the second case,a screen is mounted at the compressor outlet to prevent positive feedback from the plenum.The experimental results demonstrate that in the absence of system feedback,it is the occurrence of spike-type stall inception that leads to the flow instability instead of that of partial surge.In addition,three flow phenomena in the second case are discussed,including the occurrence of the single pulse,the unstable process during the stall evolution and the switch of instability inception. | Tianyu PAN Zhaoqi YAN Dakun SUN Simin LI Mengzong ZHENG Qiushi LI | 2022 | Chinese Journal of Aeronautics2022，35，2： | 2 |
| 8 | Response and stabilization of a two-stage axial flow compressor restricted by rotating inlet distortion显示文摘This paper considers effects of Rotating Inlet Distortion(RID)on a two-stage axial compressor and the stabilization effects of a casing treatment subjected to the considered RID.In multispool engines,the downstream compressor suffers a RID when the upstream fan/compressor is in rotating stall.A controlled rotating sectional screen upstream of the compressor was adopted to generate the RID in different intensities,and co-or counter spinning direction compared with the rotor.The response of the compressor to inlet distortion was interpreted as the changes of stall margin.Results show that there are two peaks for the stall margin degradation where the distortion screen rotates near 20%and 70%of the rotor’s rotational frequency,respectively.Based on the measurements taken during the pre-stall process,it is suggested that the two frequencies are associated with the eigen frequencies of the compressor.Specifically,the first is associated with a stall precursor that is suspected as an initial disturbance existing in compressor and the second is related to a spike-type stall precursor.At last,a kind of Stall Precursor-Suppressed(SPS)casing treatment was applied to enhance the compressor stability in RID conditions.The result indicates that the stall margin is improved by 6%at an average level and there is nearly no efficiency loss caused by the application of such casing treatment. | Jia LI Xu DONG Dakun SUN Ruize XU Xiaofeng SUN | 2021 | Chinese Journal of Aeronautics2021，34，9： | 2 |
| 9 | Application of Stall Warning Approach with Stall Precursor-Suppressed Casing Treatment on a Two-Stage Compressor显示文摘A stall warning approach based on aero-acoustic theory is studied in this paper. For this stall warning approach, a parameter Rc is defined to measure the periodicity of the blade-passing signal. Signal simulation is used to investigate the mechanism of the stall warning approach. The results suggest that the value of Rc is influenced by the power of the perturbations. The experiments on a two-stage compressor indicate this stall warning approach can generate a warning signal several seconds before the stall. It is demonstrated in this paper that the stall warning approach can detect the distribution and evolution of stall precursors. According to the distribution of the stall precursors, the partial stall precursor-suppressed casing treatment is applied and realized a stabilization of compressor. | XU Ruize SUN Dakun DONG Xu LI Fanyu SUN Xiaofeng LI Jia | 2019 | Journal of Thermal Science2019，28，5： | 2 |
| 10 | RANS simulations on combustion and emission characteristics of a premixed NH_(3)/H_(2) swirling flame with reduced chemical kinetic model显示文摘Ammonia(NH_(3))is considered as a potential alternative carbon free fuel to reduce greenhouse gas emission to meet the increasingly stringent emission requirements.Co-burning NH_(3) and H_(2) is an effective way to overcome ammonia’s relative low burning velocity.In this work,3D Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS)numerical simulations are conducted on a premixed NH_(3)/H_(2) swirling flame with reduced chemical kinetic mechanism.The effects of(A)overall equivalence ratio Φ and(B)hydrogen blended molar fraction XH2 on combustion and emission characteristics are examined.The present results show that when 100%NH_(3)-0%H_(2)-air are burnt,the NO emission and unburned NH3 of at the swirling combustor outlet has the opposite varying trends.With the increase of Φ,NO emission is found to be decreased,while the unburnt ammonia emission is increased.NH_(2)→HNO,NH→HNO and HNO→NO sub-paths are found to play a critical role in NO formation.Normalized reaction rate of all these three sub-paths is shown to be decreased with increased Φ.Hydrogen addition is shown to significantly increase the laminar burning velocity of the mixed fuel.However,adding H_(2) does not affect the critical equivalence ratio corresponding to the maximum burning velocity.The emission trend of NO and unburnt NH_(3) with increased Φ is unchanged by blending H_(2).NO emission with increased X_(H2) is increased slightly less at a larger Φ than that at a smaller Φ.In addition,reaction rates of NH_(2)→HNO and HNO→NO sub-paths are decreased with increased X_(H2),when Φ is larger.Under all tested cases,blending H_(2) with NH_(3) reduces the unburned NH_(3) emission,especially for rich combustion conditions.In summary,the present work provides research finding on supporting applying ammonia with hydrogen blended in low-emission gas turbine engines. | Yuze SUN Tao CAI Mohammad SHAHSAVARI Dakun SUN Xiaofeng SUN Dan ZHAO Bing WANG | 2021 | Chinese Journal of Aeronautics2021，34，12： | 1 |
| 11 | Calibration of S-duct Swirl Distortion Based on Vortex Identification Methods显示文摘The S-shape inlet has been widely used in advanced military aircraft due to their advantage of reducing radar signature.However,the curvature of the inlet usually causes different kinds of intake distortion at the aerodynamic interface plane(AIP).Among them,the swirl distortion has been seriously concerned because of its great impact on the performance and stability of aero-engines.There is still no universal criterion for assessing the stability of compressors in the condition of strong swirl distortion.As an approach of assessing the swirl intensity and pattern,vortex identification method may be used as an auxiliary method for stability analysis.In this paper,numerical and experimental investigations on different S-ducts were carried out.The axial vorticity component and g criterion were used to analyze the quantitative correlation between geometry and swirl intensity.It was found that there is a relatively strong correlation between the geometry,the axial vorticity component and the Q criterion.The present investigation may provide a quick reconstruction method to model the effect of S-ducts for compressor stability prediction. | SUN Dakun LI Zhenyu DONG Xu SUN Xiaofeng | 2022 | Journal of Thermal Science2022，31，1： | 0 |
| 12 | Experimental and model investigations of SPS casing treatment on a two-stage compressor显示文摘This paper will first carry out experimental investigations on a test compressor which is a large-scale,two-stage and low-speed axial one to evaluate the participation of a novel casing treatment(stall precursor-suppressed casing treatment,SPS CT).The compressor performance for its pressure rise characteristics and efficiency are tested and illustrated.Besides,the time-averaged steady and the time-resolved unsteady measurement in this paper finally lead to some further analyses about the stall evolution of this compressor tending to uncover the process of the stall evolution and the mechanism of the SPS CT.The overall performance results indicate that the SPS CT can extend the compressor stall margin by 3%e11%with very limited efficiency loss.And the mechanism for such casing treatment has also been revealed as stall-precursor suppression by observing the evolution of the inception waves.In addition,modeling work have been conducted subject to the effects of SPS CT on the test two-stage axial compressor.The compressor stability model is able to investigate the effects of different geometrical parameters on the compressor stability and then make an optimal design for the SPS CT when it is applied on the test compressor. | Xu Dong Letian Zhang Dakun Sun Xiaofeng Suna | 2021 | Propulsion and Power Research2021，10，1： | 0 |
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