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| 1 | Characterization of hepatitis B virus X gene quasispecies complexity in mono-infection and hepatitis delta virus superinfection显示文摘Hepatitis delta virus(HDV) seems to strongly suppress hepatitis B virus(HBV)replication, although little is known about the mechanism of this interaction. Both these viruses show a dynamic distribution of mutants, resulting in viral quasispecies. Next-generation sequencing is a viable approach for analyzing the composition of these mutant spectra. As the regulatory hepatitis B X protein(HBx) is essential for HBV replication, determination of HBV X gene(HBX)quasispecies complexity in HBV/HDV infection compared to HBV monoinfection may provide information on the interactions between these two viruses.AIM To compare HBV quasispecies complexity in the HBX 5' region between chronic hepatitis delta(CHD) and chronic HBV mono-infected patients.METHODS Twenty-four untreated patients were included: 7/24(29.2%) with HBeAgnegative chronic HBV infection(CI, previously termed inactive carriers), 8/24(33.3%) with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B(CHB) and 9/24(37.5%) with CHD. A serum sample from each patient was first tested for HBV DNA levels.The HBX 5' region [nucleotides(nt) 1255-1611] was then PCR-amplified for subsequent next-generation sequencing(MiSeq, Illumina, United States). HBV quasispecies complexity in the region analyzed was evaluated using incidencebased indices(number of haplotypes and number of mutations), abundancebased indices(Hill numbers of order 1 and 2), and functional indices(mutation frequency and nucleotide diversity). We also evaluated the pattern of nucleotide changes to investigate which of them could be the cause of the quasispecies complexity.RESULTS CHB patients showed higher median HBV-DNA levels [5.4 logIU/mL,interquartile range(IQR) 3.5-7.9] than CHD(3.4 logIU/mL, IQR 3-7.6)(P = n.s.)or CI(3.2 logIU/mL, IQR 2.3-3.5)(P < 0.01) patients. The incidence and abundance indices indicated that HBV quasispecies complexity was significantly greater in CI than CHB. A similar trend was observed in CHD patients, although only Hill numbers of order 2 showed statistically significant differences(CHB2.81, IQR 1.11-4.57 vs CHD 8.87, 6.56-11.18, P = 0.038). There were no significant differences in the functional indices, but CI and CHD patients also showed a trend towards greater complexity than CHB. No differences were found for any HBV quasispecies complexity indices between CHD and CI patients. G-to-A and C-to-T nucleotide changes, characteristic of APOBEC3 G, were higher in CHD and CI than in CHB in genotype A haplotypes, but not in genotype D. The proportion of nt G-to-A vs A-to-G changes and C-to-T vs T-to-C changes in genotype A and D haplotypes in CHD patients showed no significant differences. In CHB and CI the results of these comparisons were dependent on HBV genotype.CONCLUSION The lower-replication CHD and CI groups show a trend to higher quasispecies complexity than the higher-replication CHB group. The mechanisms associated with this greater complexity require elucidation. | Cristina Godoy David Tabernero Sara Sopena Josep Gregori Maria Francesca Cortese Carolina González Rosario Casillas Mar?al Yll Ariadna Rando Rosa López-Martínez Josep Quer Gloria González-Aseguinolaza Rafael Esteban Mar Riveiro-Barciela Maria Buti Francisco Rodríguez-Frías | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，13： | 6 |
| 2 | Vascular depression for radiology: A review of the construct,methodology,and diagnosis显示文摘Vascular depression(VD)as defined by magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)has been proposed as a unique subtype of late-life depression.The VD hypothesis posits that cerebrovascular disease,as characterized by the presence of MRIdefined white matter hyperintensities,contributes to and increases the risk for depression in older adults.VD is also accompanied by cognitive impairment and poor antidepressant treatment response.The VD diagnosis relies on MRI findings and yet this clinical entity is largely unfamiliar to neuroradiologists and is rarely,if ever,discussed in radiology journals.The primary purpose of this review is to introduce the MRI-defined VD construct to the neuroradiology community.Case reports are highlighted in order to illustrate the profile of VD in terms of radiological,clinical,and neuropsychological findings.A secondary purpose is to elucidate and elaborate on the measurement of cerebrovascular disease through visual rating scales and semi-and fully-automated volumetric methods.These methods are crucial for determining whether lesion burden or lesion severity is the dominant pathological contributor to VD.Additionally,these rating methods have implications for the growing field of computer assisted diagnosis.Since VD has been found to have a profile that is distinct from other types of late-life depression,neuroradiologists,in conjunction with psychiatrists and psychologists,should consider VD in diagnosis and treatment planning. | Sara N Rushia Al Amira Safa Shehab Jeffrey N Motter Dakota A Egglefield Sophie Schiff Joel R Sneed Ernst Garcon | 2020 | World Journal of Radiology2020，12，5： | 5 |
| 3 | Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate protects mice from Lethal shock induced by LPS or TNF-α显示文摘 | PILAR L SARA M M PABBO C D et al | 1999 | Eur J Immunol1999，29，6： | 1 |
| 4 | Cortical sources of resting- state alpha rhythm are abnormal in pm sistent vegelative siale pa- tients 显示文摘 | Balfihmi C Sara M Veeehio F el al | 2009 | Clin Neurophysio12009，120，2： | 1 |
| 5 | Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors induced euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis within four days of initiation显示文摘Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis(EDKA)is a well-known complication of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors,and many cases with variable onset following the initiation of these agents are reported before,with a median onset of approximately 2 wk.This letter discusses a 45-year-old lady who initially presented with ischemic stroke but developed EDKA 4 d after starting empagliflozin,a rare occurrence.The patient had severe metabolic acidosis that necessitated admission into the intensive care unit.Prompt discontinuation of empagliflozin and DKA management resulted in clinical recovery. | Almurtada Razok Fateen Ata Sara Mohamed Ibrahim Ahmed Dabia Hamad S H Al Mohanadi | 2022 | World Journal of Diabetes2022，13，3： | 1 |
| 6 | Real-Time Coordination of Plug-in electric Vehicle Char- ging in Smart Grids to Minimize Power Losses and Improve Voltage Profile 显示文摘 | SARA DEILAMI AMIR S MASOURN PAUL S MOSES et al | 2011 | IEEE Trans On Smart Grid2011，2，3： | 1 |
| 7 | Effects of alkali,mild steam,and chitosan treatments on the properties of pineapple,ramie,and sansevieria fiber bundles显示文摘 | Sara S M Kenji U Fumio T et al | 2008 | J Wood Sci2008，54，： | 1 |
| 8 | Utility of Early MRI in the Diagnosis and Management of Acute Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage 显示文摘 | Christine AC Wijman Chitra Venkatasubramanian Sara Bruin et al | 2010 | Cerebrovascular Dis- eases2010，30，： | 1 |
| 9 | A hybrid honeypor - framework for improving intrusion detection systems in protecting organizational networks显示文摘 | Artail H Sara H Sraj M er al | 2006 | Computers & Security2006，25，4： | 1 |
| 10 | Capsaicin promotes a more ag- gressive gene expression phenotype and invttsiveness in nuI1-TRPV1 urothelial cancer cells显示文摘 | Sara C Consuelo A Massimo N el al | 2011 | Carcinogenesis2011，32，5： | 1 |
| 11 | Zeolite-like metal-organic frameworks (ZMOFs) : Design, synthesis, and properties 显示文摘 | Eddaoudi M Sara D F Eubank J F el al | 2015 | Chemical Society Reviews2015，44，1： | 1 |
| 12 | Is a Volume of 3.6 mL Better than 1.8 mL for Inferior Alveolar Nerve Blocks in Patients with Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis?显示文摘 | Sara Fowler Al Reader | 2013 | Journal of Endodontics2013，，8： | 1 |
| 13 | The role of acute and chronic stress in asthma attacks in children显示文摘 | Seija SB James YP Sara AL | 2000 | Lancet2000，356，： | 1 |
| 14 | High-resolution SNP arrays in mental retardation diagnostics显示文摘 | Laura B Viola A Sara L ct al | 2010 | European Journal of Human Genetics2010，18，： | 1 |
| 15 | Transplantation of adipose slro- real cells, but nol mature adipocvtes augments ischemia-induced angiogenesis显示文摘 | Sumi M Sara M Toya N el al | 2007 | Life Sci2007，80，6： | 1 |
| 16 | Energy expenditure of nonexerciseactivity显示文摘 | James AL Sara JS and Michael DJ | 2000 | Am J Clin Nutr2000，72，6： | 1 |
| 17 | Oral intake throughout the patients’ lives after palliative metallic stent placement for malignant gastroduodenal obstruction: a retrospective multicentre study显示文摘 | Jorge M. Canena Ana C. Lagos Inês N. Marques Sara D. Patrocínio Miguel G. Tomé Manuel A. Liberato Carlos M. Rom?o António P. Coutinho Pedro M. Veiga Beatriz C. Neves Hélder D. Além José A. Gon?alves | 2012 | European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology2012，，7： | 1 |
| 18 | Identification of subtilisin, Epr and Vpr as enzymesthat produce CSF, an extracellular signalling peptide of Bacillus subtilis显示文摘 | Sara LG Alek ND Kym FF Beth AL | 2007 | Molecular Microbiology2007，65，5： | 1 |
| 19 | Antioxidant andantimicrobial capacity of several monofloral Cuban honeys andtheir correlation with color, polyphenol content and other chemicalcompounds 显示文摘 | Jose M Alvarez-Suarez Sara Tulipani ef al | 2010 | Food and Chemical Toxicology2010，48，89： | 1 |
| 20 | An Observational Study on the Management of COVID-19 Patients in Limited-Resource Hospitals显示文摘Background:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of limited-resource hospitals in managing mild and moderate hospitalized cases of COVID-19 with comorbidities and in preventing their progression to severe illness.Methods:Data were obtained from 88 moderate COVID-19 patients with comorbidities who were admitted to limitedresource hospitals.The data were classified into several parts:comorbidities,chronic medication before hospital admission,symptoms of COVID-19 before and during hospitalization,clinical features,laboratory findings on hospital admission,complications during hospitalization,as well as worst laboratory values during hospitalization,hospital stay,and outcomes.The clinical features,laboratory results,type of oxygen therapy used,and the final treatment outcome were all evaluated to assess for any potential relationship.Results:All patients were alive upon discharge.Before admission,the majority of patients(60.2%)received COVID-19 treatment,and the average hospital stay was 12 days.The most common symptoms were fever(88.7%),cough(95.5%),shortness of breath(90.9%),myalgia(84.1%),confusion(63.6%),headache(62.5%),sore throat(88.7%),rhinorrhea(17%),chest pain(58%),diarrhea(19.3%),nausea and vomiting(38.6%),anosmia(62.5%),as well as dysgeusia(64.8%).Based on chest radiograph or computed tomography(CT)scan,9.1%of the patients had unilateral pneumonia,90.9% had bilateral pneumonia,and 96.6% had multiple mottling and ground-glass opacity.Age was found associated with a significant increase in headache(p=0.005),rhinorrhea(p=0.013),chest pain(p=0.007),and the need for positive airway pressure(p=0.008).Between pre-and post-hospital admissions,there was a significant increase in lactate dehydrogenase and ferritin but a decrease in platelet,D-dimer,hemoglobin,lymphocytes,neutrophils,and total leucocyte count(p<0.001).There was a significant association between hospital stay and D-dimer level(p=0.05).Conclusion:Limited-resource hospitals in Egypt were efficient in managing mild and moderate hospitalized cases of COVID-19 with comorbidities.Many of these cases did not escalate to severe illness and were all alive upon discharge.Early management of COVID-19 tends to delay the disease progression to severe illness and improves patients5 chances of survival.Treating COVID-19 or using oxygen therapy at home can also delay the need for hospitalization in mild or moderate cases. | Marwa O Elgendy Ahmed M Khalaf Ahmed O El-Gendy Mona A Abdelrahman Sara O El Gendy Ahmed M Abdel Hamied Omar Essam Karim Al Amir Esraa M Yousry Mohamed EA Abdelrahim | 2022 | Journal of Clinical and Nursing Research2022，6，3： | 0 |
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