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| 1 | Argon reduces microglial activation and inflammatory cytokine expression in retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury显示文摘We previously found that argon exerts its neuroprotective effect in part by inhibition of the toll-like receptors(TLR)2 and 4.The downstream transcription factors signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)and nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)are also affected by argon and may play a role in neuroprotection.It also has been demonstrated that argon treatment could mitigate brain damage,reduce excessive microglial activation,and subsequently attenuate brain inflammation.Despite intensive research,the further exact mechanism remains unclear.In this study,human neuroblastoma cells were damaged in vitro with rotenone over a period of 4 hours(to mimic cerebral ischemia and reperfusion damage),followed by a 2-hour post-conditioning with argon(75%).In a separate in vivo experiment,retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury was induced in rats by increasing intraocular pressure for 1 hour.Upon reperfusion,argon was administered by inhalation for 2 hours.Argon reduced the binding of the transcription factors signal transducer and activator of transcription 3,nuclear factor kappa B,activator protein 1,and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2,which are involved in regulation of neuronal damage.Flow cytometry analysis showed that argon downregulated the Fas ligand.Some transcription factors were regulated by toll-like receptors;therefore,their effects could be eliminated,at least in part,by the TLR2 and TLR4 inhibitor oxidized phospholipid 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine(OxPAPC).Argon treatment reduced microglial activation after retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury.Subsequent quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed a reduction in the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin(IL-1α),IL-1β,IL-6,tumor necrosis factorα,and inducible nitric oxide synthase.Our results suggest that argon reduced the extent of inflammation in retinal neurons after ischemia/reperfusion injury by suppression of transcription factors crucial for microglial activation.Argon has no known side effects or narcotic properties;therefore,therapeutic use of this noble gas appears ideal for treatment of patients with neuronal damage in retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury.The animal experiments were approved by the Commission for Animal Care of the University of Freiburg(approval No.35-9185.81/G14-122)on October 19,2012. | Ulrich Goebel Stefanie Scheid Sashko Spassov Nils Schallner Jakob Wollborn Hartmut Buerkle Felix Ulbrich | 2021 | Neural Regeneration Research2021，16，1： | 8 |
| 2 | Spatial and temporal regulation of collagenases-3, -4,and stromelysin -3 implicates distinct functions in apoptosis and tissue remodeling during frog metamorphosis显示文摘Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of extracellular proteases capable of degrading various proteinaceous components of the extracellular matrix (ECM).They have been implicated to play important roles in a number of developmental and pathological processes, such as tumor metastasis and inflammation. Relatively few studies have been carried out to investigate the function of MMPs during postembryonic organ-development. Using Xenopus laevis development as a model system, we demonstrate here that three MMPs, stromelysin-3 (ST3),collagenases-3 (Col3), and Col4, have distinct spatial and temporal expression profiles during metamorphosis as the tadpole transforms into a frog. In situ hybridizations reveal a tight, but distinct, association of individual MMPs with tissue remodeling in the tail and intestine during metamorphosis. In particular, ST3 expression is strongly correlated with apoptosis in both organs as demonstrated by analyses of serial sections with in situ hybridization for ST3 mRNA and TUNEL (terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling) for apoptosis, respectively. On the other hand, Col3 and Col4 MMPs in Xenopus laevis development are present in regions where extensive connective tissue remodeling take place. These results indicate that ST3 is likely to play a role in ECM-remodeling that facilitateapoptotic tissue remodeling or resorption while Col3 and Col4 appear to participate in connective tissue degradation during development. | DAMJANOVSKI SASHKO ATSUKO ISHIZUYAOKA YUN-BO SHI (Laboratory of Molecular Embryology, Building 18T, Rm. 106, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA)(Department Of Histology and | 1999 | Cell Research1999，9，2： | 3 |
| 3 | Thin film of intermetallic Cu/Ti compounds and their possible uses显示文摘 | Stojan Petrov Stojanov Sashko Ivanov Lambov | 1999 | Vaccum1999，52，3： | 1 |
| 4 | Contact-reactive welding of titanium via a copper layer显示文摘 | Tzanko Dimitrov Uzunov Stojan Petrov Stojanov Sashko | 1999 | Vacuum1999，52，： | 1 |
| 5 | Contact-reactive welding of titanium via a copper layer显示文摘 | IUzunov T D Stojanov S P and Sashko | 1999 | Vacuum1999，52，： | 1 |
| 6 | Structural differences between TSEs strains investigated by FT-IR spectroscopy显示文摘 | Sashko Spassov Michael Beekes Dieter Naumann | 2006 | BBA - General Subjects2006，，7： | 1 |
| 7 | Contact-reactive welding of titanium via a copper layer显示文摘 | Uzunov T D Stojanov S P and Sashko | 1999 | Vacuum1999，52，： | 1 |
| 8 | Dual functions of thyroid hormone receptors during Xenopus development显示文摘 | Laurent M S Sashko D Peter I J | 2000 | Comp Bioc and Phys Part B2000，126，： | 1 |
| 9 | Overexpression of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 during Xenopus embryogenesis affects head and axial tissue formation显示文摘Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) modulate extracellular matrix remodeling during embryonic develop- ment and disease. TIMP-3 expression was examined during Xenopus laevis embryogenesis: TIMP-3 transcripts detected in the maternal pool of RNA increased at the mid-blastula transition, decreased dramatically during gastrulation and increased again during neurulation and axis elongation. Interestingly, the decrease during gastrulation was not seen in LiCl treated (dorsalized) embryos. Whole mount in situ hybridization of TIMP-3 using DIG-labeled RNA probes demonstrated that the transcripts were present in all dorsal tissues during embryogenesis, but were prominent only in head structures starting at stage 35. Overexpression of TIMP-3 through transgenesis and RNA injections led to devel- opmental abnormalities and death. Both overexpression strategies resulted in post-gastrulation perturbation including those to neural and head structures, as well as truncated axes. However, RNA injections resulted in more severe early defects such as failure of neural tube closure, and transgenesis caused truncated axes and head abnormalities. No transgenic embryo expressing TIMP-3 survived past stage 40. | Bryce PICKARD Sashko DAMJANOVSKI | 2004 | Cell Research2004，14，5： | 1 |
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