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| 1 | Hepatitis C virus genotypes distribution and transmission risk factors in Luxembourg from 1991 to 2006显示文摘AIM:To analyze the Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype distribution and transmission risk factors in a population of unselected patients in Luxembourg. METHODS:Epidemiological information (gender, age and transmission risks) were collected from 802 patients newly diagnosed for hepatitis C and living in Luxembourg, among whom 228 patients referred from prison. Genotyping using 5'noncoding (5'NC) sequencing was performed. We compared categorical data using the Fisher's exact F-test and odds ratios (OR) were calculated for evaluating association of HCV genotype and risk factors. RESULTS:The sex ratio was predominantly male (2.2) and individuals aged less than 40 years represented 49.6% of the population. Genotype 1 was predominant (53.4%) followed by genotype 3 (33%). Among risk factors, intravenous drug usage (IVDU) was the most frequently reported (71.4%) followed by medical-related transmission (17.6%) including haemophilia, transfusion recipients and other nosocomial reasons. Genotype 3 was significantly associated to IVDU (OR = 4.84, P < 0.0001) whereas genotype 1 was significantly associated with a medical procedure (OR = 2.42, P < 0.001). The HCV genotype distribution from inmate patients differed significantly from the rest of the population (Chi-square test with four degrees of freedom, P < 0.0001) with a higher frequency of genotype 3 (46.5% vs 27.5%) and a lower frequency of genotype 1 and 4 (44.7% vs 56.8% and 5.3% vs 9.6%, respectively). IVDU was nearly exclusively reported as a risk factor in prison. CONCLUSION:We report the first description of the HCV genotype distribution in Luxembourg. The repartition is similar to other European countries, with one of the highest European prevalence rates of genotype 3 (33%). Since serology screening became available in 1991, IVDU remains the most common way of HCV transmission in Luxembourg. | Francois Roman Karin Hawotte Daniel Struck Anne-Marie Ternes Jean-Yves Servais Vic Arendt Patrick Hoffman Robert Hemmer Thérèse Staub Carole Seguin-Devaux Jean-Claude Schmit | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，8： | 3 |
| 2 | Evidence for the involvement of CD44 in endothelial cell injury and induction of vascular leak syndrome by IL-2 显示文摘 | Raft Janajreh AQ Chen D Schmits R | 1999 | J Immunol1999，163，3： | 1 |
| 3 | Prognostic factors of hematotoxicity of chemotherapy in aggressive non - Hodgkin's lymphoma显示文摘 | ZIEPERT M SCHMITS R TRUMPER L | 2008 | Ann Oncol2008，19，4： | 1 |
| 4 | Human neoplasms elicit multiple specific immune responses in the autologous host 显示文摘 | Sahin U Tureci O Schmitt H Cochlovius B Johannes T Schmits R | 1995 | Proc Nail Acad Sci U S A1995，92，11： | 1 |
| 5 | Raman spectroscopy -a prospective tool in the life science显示文摘 | PETRY R SCHMIT M POPP J | 2003 | Chemphyschem2003，4，1： | 1 |
| 6 | Effect of fluoride varnish on demineralization adjacent to brackets bonded with RMGI cement显示文摘 | SCHMIT J L STALEY R N WEFEL J S | 2002 | Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2002，122，2： | 1 |
| 7 | Raman Spectroscopy-a Prospective Tool in the Life Sciences 显示文摘 | PETRY R SCHMIT M POPP J | 2003 | Chemphyschem2003，4，1： | 1 |
| 8 | Multiple Emitter location And Signal Pa- rameter Estimation显示文摘 | SCHMIT R O | 1986 | IEEE Trans on Antenna and Prop- agation1986，34，3： | 1 |
| 9 | Psychological mechanisms underlying second language fluency显示文摘 | R | 1992 | Studies in Second Language Acquisition 141992，，： | 1 |
| 10 | Analysis of the an tibody repertoire of astrocytoma patients against antigens ex pressed by gliomas显示文摘 | Schmits R Cochlovius B Treitz G | 2002 | Int J cancer2002，98，1： | 1 |
| 11 | Fullycoupled 'online' chemistry within the WRF model 显示文摘 | GRELL G A PECKHAM S E SCHMIT Z R | 2005 | Atmospheric Environment2005，39，37： | 1 |
| 12 | Multiple emitter location and signal parameter estimation显示文摘 | | 1986 | IEEE Trans1986，34，3： | 1 |
| 13 | Impact of coneomitant thyroid pathology on preoperative workup fur primary hyper- parathyroidism 显示文摘 | Heizmann O Viehl CT Schmit R | 2009 | Eur J Med Res2009，14，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Close linkage between bovine prolactin and BoLA-DRB3 genes-genetic mapping in catlle by single sperm typing 显示文摘 | Lewin H A Schmit K Hubert R | 1992 | Genomics1992，13，： | 1 |
| 15 | In vitro generation of human CD86 + dendritic cells derived from CD34 + heamatopoietic progeniors by PMA alone in serumsfree medium显示文摘 | Ramadan G Schmit R E Schubert J | 2001 | Clin Exp Immunol2001，125，2： | 1 |
| 16 | An experimental analysis of ultimatum bargaining显示文摘 | Güth W Schmit berger R Schwarze B | | 0，，04： | 1 |
| 17 | Multiple emitter location and signal parameter estimation 显示文摘 | Schmit R O | 1986 | IEEE Trans on AP (S0018-926X)1986，34，3： | 1 |
| 18 | Regulation and glutamic acid decarboxylase during Neurospora crassa conidial germination显示文摘 | CHRISTENSEN R L SCHMIT J C | 1980 | J Bacteriol1980，144，： | 1 |
| 19 | Risk of elective surgery of colarectal carcinoma in the elderly显示文摘 | Hesterberg R Schmit W U Ohman C | 1991 | Dig Surg1991，53，8： | 1 |
| 20 | Complete sequence of a cDNA of alpha subunit of beta-conglycinin 显示文摘 | Sebastiani F L Schmit E S Beachy R N | 1990 | Plant Molecular Biology1990，15，1： | 1 |
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