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| 1 | Early infant male circumcision:Systematic review,risk-benefit analysis,and progress in policy显示文摘AIM To determine whether recent evidence-based United States polices on male circumcision(MC) apply to comparable Anglophone countries,Australia and New Zealand.METHODS Articles in 2005 through 2015 were retrieved from PubM ed using the keyword 'circumcision' together with 36 relevant subtopics.A further PubM ed search was performed for articles published in 2016.Searches of the EMBASE and Cochrane databases did not yield additional citable articles.Articles were assessed for quality and those rated 2+ and above according to the Scottish Intercollegiate Grading System were studied further.The most relevant andrepresentative of the topic were included.Bibliographies were examined to retrieve further key references.Randomized controlled trials,recent high quality systematic reviews or meta-analyses(level 1++ or 1+ evidence) were prioritized for inclusion.A risk-benefit analysis of articles rated for quality was performed.For efficiency and reliability,recent randomized controlled trials,metaanalyses,high quality systematic reviews and large welldesigned studies were used if available.Internet searches were conducted for other relevant information,including policies and Australian data on claims under Medicare for MC.RESULTS Evidence-based policy statements by the American Academy of Pediatrics(AAP) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC) support infant and later age male circumcision(MC) as a desirable public health measure.Our systematic review of relevant literature over the past decade yielded 140 journal articles that met our inclusion criteria.Together,these showed that early infant MC confers immediate and lifelong benefits by protecting against urinary tract infections having potential adverse long-term renal effects,phimosis that causes difficult and painful erections and 'ballooning' during urination,inflammatory skin conditions,inferior penile hygiene,candidiasis,various sexually transmissible infections in both sexes,genital ulcers,and penile,prostate and cervical cancer.Our risk-benefit analysis showed that benefits exceeded procedural risks,which are predominantly minor,by up to 200 to 1.We estimated that more than 1 in 2 uncircumcised males will experience an adverse foreskin-related medical condition over their lifetime.Wide-ranging evidence from surveys,physiological measurements,and the anatomical location of penile sensory receptors responsible for sexual sensation strongly and consistently suggested that MC has no detrimental effect on sexual function,sensitivity or pleasure.United States studies showed that early infant MC is cost saving.The evidence supporting early infant MC has further strengthened since the positive AAP and CDC reviews.CONCLUSION Affirmative MC policies are needed in Australia and New Zealand.Routine provision of accurate,unbiased education,and access in public hospitals,will maximize health and financial benefits. | Brian J Morris Sean E Kennedy Alex D Wodak Adrian Mindel David Golovsky Leslie Schrieber Eugenie R Lumbers David J Handelsman John B Ziegler | 2017 | World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics2017，6，1： | 2 |
| 2 | Silymarin Ascending Multiple Oral Dosing Phase I Study in Noncirrhotic Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C显示文摘 | Roy L. Hawke Sarah J. Schrieber Tedi A. Soule Zhiming Wen Philip C. Smith Rajender K. Reddy Abdus S. Wahed Steven H. Belle Nezam H. Afdhal Victor J. Navarro Josh Berman Qi-Ying Liu Edward Doo Michael W. Fried | 2010 | Journal of Clinical Pharmacology2010，，4： | 2 |
| 3 | Principal long-term adverse effects of imatinib in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase显示文摘 | Mughal TI Schrieber A | 2010 | Biologics2010，2，4： | 1 |
| 4 | A blind randomized controlled trial of cognitive versus behavioral versus cognitive- behavioral therapy for patients with rheumatoid arthritis 显示文摘 | Sharpe L Schrieber L | 2012 | Psychother Psychosom2012，81，3： | 1 |
| 5 | Polymethylmethacrylate reinforced with carbon fibres显示文摘 | Schrieber CK | 1971 | Br Dent J1971，130，1： | 1 |
| 6 | The clinical application of carbon fibre/polymer denture bases显示文摘 | Schrieber CK | 1974 | Br Dent J1974，137，1： | 1 |
| 7 | Transforming growth factor-:a more potent angiogenic mediator than epidermal growth factor显示文摘 | Schrieber A B Winkler M E Derynck R | 1986 | Science1986，232，： | 1 |
| 8 | Revascularization lor preservation of renal function in patients with atherosclerotic renovascular disease显示文摘 | Novick AC Pohl MA Schrieber M | 1983 | J Urol1983，129，： | 1 |
| 9 | Principal long-term adverse ef- fects of imatinib in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase 显示文摘 | Mughal TI Schrieber A | 2010 | Biologics2010，4，： | 1 |
| 10 | Transforming growth factor-α:a more potent angiogenic mediator than epidermal growth factor 显示文摘 | Schrieber AB Winkler ME Derynck R | 1986 | Science1986，232，： | 1 |
| 11 | The application of prediction markets to business显示文摘 | Schrieber J M | 2004 | Engineering Systems Division(MIT)2004，，： | 1 |
| 12 | Gallstone pancreatitis:support for a flexible approach显示文摘 | Semel L Schrieber D Fromm D | | 0，，08： | 1 |
| 13 | The pharmacokinetics of silymarin is altered in patients with hepatitis C virus and nonalcoholic Fatty liver disease and correlates with plasma caspase-3/7 ac- tivity显示文摘 | Schrieber SJ Wen Z Vourvahis M | 2008 | Drug Metab Dispos2008，36，9： | 1 |
| 14 | Effect of hostile marine environments on the A1-Zn-In-Si sacrificial anode 显示文摘 | Schrieber C F Murray R W | 1988 | Materials Protection1988，27，7： | 1 |
| 15 | Treatment of Raynaud phenome non in systemic sclerosis 显示文摘 | Ysinnathurai P Schrieber L | 2013 | Intern Med J2013，43，5： | 1 |
| 16 | Dimension estimates and physiological data显示文摘 | Kantz H Schrieber T | 1995 | Chaos1995，5，1： | 1 |
| 17 | Cathodic protection monitoring of sub sea piplines in The Arctic Ocean显示文摘 | Schrieber C F Murray R W | 1988 | Materals Performance1988，27，7： | 1 |
| 18 | Effect of hostile marine environ-ments on the Al-Zn-In-Si sacrificial anode显示文摘 | Schrieber C F Reece W Murray | 1998 | Material Perform-ance1998，27，12： | 1 |
| 19 | Treatment of Raynaudphenomenon in systemic sclerosis 显示文摘 | Sinnathurai P Schrieber L | 2013 | Intern Med J2013，43，5： | 1 |
| 20 | Pharmacokinetics and metabolic profile of free, conjugated and total silymarin flavonolignans in human plasma after oral administration of milk thistle extract显示文摘 | WEN Z DUMAS TE SCHRIEBER SJ | 2008 | Drug Metab Dispos2008，36，1： | 1 |
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