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| 1 | Preventing pediatric antibiotic-associated diarrhea and Clostridium difficile infections with probiotics: A metaanalysis显示文摘AIM: To assess the efficacy and safety of probiotics for preventing pediatric:(1) antibiotic associated diarrhea and(2) Clostridium difficile(C. difficile) infections.METHODS: On June 3, 2013, we searched Pub Med(1960-2013), EMBASE(1974-2013), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews(1990-2013), CINAHL(1981-2013), AMED(1985-2013), and ISI Web of Science(2000-2013). Additionally, we conducted an extensive grey literature search including contact with National Institutes of Health Clinical Trials Registry, abstracts from annual infectious disease and gastroenterology meetings, experts in the field and correspondence with authors. The primary outcomes were the incidence of antibiotic-associated diarrhea(AAD) and C. difficile infections(CDI). Dichotomous outcomes(e.g., incidence of AAD or CDI) were pooled using a random-effects model to calculate the relative risk and corresponding 95% confidence interval(95%CI) and weighted on study quality. To explore possible explanations for heterogeneity, a priori subgroup analysis were conducted on probiotic strain type, daily dose, quality of study and safety of probiotics. The overall quality of the evidence supporting each outcome was assessed using the grading of recommendations, assessment, development and evaluation criteria.RESULTS: A total of 1329 studies were identified with 22 trials(23 treatment arms and 4155 participants) meeting eligibility requirements for our review of prevention of AAD and 5 trials(1211 participants) for the prevention of CDI. Trials in adult populations, trials of uncertain antibiotic exposure or studies which did not provide incidence of AAD were excluded. We found 12 trials testing a single strain of probiotic and 10 trials testing a mixture of probiotic strains. Probiotics(all strains combined) significantly reduced the incidence of pediatric AAD(pooled RR = 0.42, 95%CI: 0.33-0.53) and significantly reduced pediatric CDI(pooled RR = 0.35, 95%CI: 0.13-0.92). Of the two strains with multiple trials, both significantly reduced pediatric AAD: Saccharomyces boulardii lyo(pooled RR = 0.43, 95%CI: 0.32-0.60) and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG(pooled RR = 0.36, 95%CI: 0.19-0.69). There was no significant effect by type of antibiotic, or by duration or dose of probiotic. No adverse events associated were found in the 22 controlled trials relating to the use of probiotics.CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis found that probiotics significantly prevented pediatric antibiotic associated diarrhea and pediatric CDI, but the efficacy varies significantly by the strain of the probiotic. | Lynne V Mc Farland Shan Goh | 2013 | World Journal of Meta-Analysis2013，1，3： | 8 |
| 2 | Prunus genetics and applications after de novo genome sequencing:achievements and prospects显示文摘Prior to the availability of whole-genome sequences,our understanding of the structural and functional aspects of Prunus tree genomes was limited mostly to molecular genetic mapping of important traits and development of EST resources.With public release of the peach genome and others that followed,significant advances in our knowledge of Prunus genomes and the genetic underpinnings of important traits ensued.In this review,we highlight key achievements in Prunus genetics and breeding driven by the availability of these whole-genome sequences.Within the structural and evolutionary contexts,we summarize:(1)the current status of Prunus whole-genome sequences;(2)preliminary and ongoing work on the sequence structure and diversity of the genomes;(3)the analyses of Prunus genome evolution driven by natural and man-made selection;and(4)provide insight into haploblocking genomes as a means to define genome-scale patterns of evolution that can be leveraged for trait selection in pedigree-based Prunus tree breeding programs worldwide.Functionally,we summarize recent and ongoing work that leverages whole-genome sequences to identify and characterize genes controlling 22 agronomically important Prunus traits.These include phenology,fruit quality,allergens,disease resistance,tree architecture,and self-incompatibility.Translationally,we explore the application of sequence-based marker-assisted breeding technologies and other sequence-guided biotechnological approaches for Prunus crop improvement.Finally,we present the current status of publically available Prunus genomics and genetics data housed mainly in the Genome Database for Rosaceae(GDR)and its updated functionalities for future bioinformatics-based Prunus genetics and genomics inquiry. | Maria JoséAranzana Véronique Decroocq Elisabeth Dirlewanger Iban Eduardo Zhong Shan Gao Ksenija Gasic Amy Iezzoni Sook Jung Cameron Peace Humberto Prieto Ryutaro Tao Ignazio Verde Albert G.Abbott Pere Arús | 2019 | Horticulture Research2019，6，1： | 8 |
| 3 | TSP50 encodes a testis-specific protease and is negatively regulated by p53显示文摘 | H Xu J Shan V Jurukovski | 2007 | Cancer Res2007，67，： | 1 |
| 4 | Cyclooxygenase-2 in cancer progress and perspective显示文摘 | ZHA Shan YEGNASUBRAMANIAN V NELSON W G | 2004 | Cancer Letters2004，215，1： | 1 |
| 5 | TSP50 encodes a testis-spe-cific protease and is negatively regulated by p53显示文摘 | Xu H Shan J Jurukovski V | 2007 | Cancer Res2007，67，3： | 1 |
| 6 | Vbeta-restricted T cell adherence to endothelial cells:Α mechanism for superantigen-dependent vascular injury显示文摘 | Brogan PA Shan V Klein N | 2004 | Arthritis Rheum2004，50，2： | 1 |
| 7 | V beta - restricted T cell adherence to A endothelial cells: mechanism for superantigen - dependent vascular injury显示文摘 | Brogan PA Shan V Klein N | 2004 | Arthritis Rheum2004，50，2： | 1 |
| 8 | Incidence and causes of severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in Canada显示文摘 | Sgro M Campbell D Shan V | 2006 | CMAJ2006，175，2： | 1 |
| 9 | Drawbead design and performance 显示文摘 | Wang N M Shan V C | 1991 | Journal of Material Shaping Technology1991，9，： | 1 |
| 10 | Vbeta-restricted T cell adherence-toence to endothelial cells:A mechanism for superantigen-dependent vascular injury显示文摘 | Brogan PA Shan V Klein N | 2004 | Arthritis Rheum2004，50，2： | 1 |
| 11 | Incfdence and causes of severe neonat;al hyper bilirubinemia in Canada显示文摘 | Sgro M Campbell D Shan V | 2006 | CMAJ2006，175，2： | 1 |
| 12 | Interference alignnent in regenerating codes for distributed storage:Necessity and cooe constructions显示文摘 | SHAN N B RASHMI K V | 2011 | IEEE Transactions on Information Theory2011，58，4： | 1 |
| 13 | Optimal exact-regenerating codes for distributed storage at the MSR and MBR points via a product-matrix Construction显示文摘 | RASHMI K V SHAN N B | 2011 | IEEE Transactions on Information Theory2011，57，8： | 1 |
| 14 | Optimum wireless powering of sensors embedded in concrete显示文摘 | Jiang Shan Georgakopoulos Stavros V | 2012 | IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation2012，60，2： | 1 |
| 15 | The pseudomonas avrpto protein is differentially recognized by tomato and tobacco and is localized to the plant plasma membrane显示文摘 | Shan L Thara V K Martin G B | 2000 | Plant Cell2000，12，： | 1 |
| 16 | A study of B2B e-market in China-E-commerce process perspective显示文摘 | Jing Zhao Shan Wang Wilfred V Huang | 2008 | Information & Management2008，，45： | 1 |
| 17 | Performance evaluation of adaptive probabilistic search in P2P networks 显示文摘 | ZHANG Haoxiang ZHANG Lin SHAN Xiuming Li V O K | 2008 | IEICE Transactions on Communications2008，91，4： | 1 |
| 18 | The behaviour of diffusion and permeation of tritium through 316L stainless steel显示文摘 | WU A J Li V G | 1992 | J Nucl Mater1992，，： | 1 |
| 19 | An adaptive resource-based probabilistic search algorithm for P2P networks 显示文摘 | ZHANG Haoxiang ZHANG Lin SHAN Xiuming Li V O K | 2007 | IEICE Transactions on Communications2007，90，7： | 1 |
| 20 | The pseudomonas AvrPto protein is differentially recognized by tomato and tobacco and is localized to the plant plasma membrane显示文摘 | Shan L Thara V K Martin G B | 2000 | Plant Cell2000，12，12： | 1 |
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