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| 1 | When and how did plate tectonics begin?Theoretical and empirical considerations显示文摘板 tectonics 在对流传热的披风(岩流圈) 上是地球的热界面层(岩石圈) 的水平运动并且被岩石圈 inking 主要在 subduction 地区驾驶。板 tectonics 是组织的自我的一个突出的例子,远离平衡建筑群系统(SOFFECS ) ,由热界面层的否定快活开车并且由在弯曲岩石圈的驱散控制并且粘滞披风。板 tectonics 是一个不平常的方法让一个硅酸盐行星失去热,当它存在在上仅仅之一大在内部太阳系的五硅酸盐身体。构造活动和热损失的这个模式什么时候开始了,不被知道在地球上。所有硅酸盐行星可能经历了一个短命岩浆海洋阶段。在这团结的、停滞的盖行为是行星的热损失的普通模式以后,与内部,热被融化在更热的早地球中的火山作用和浅 intrusions.Decompression 产生了的分层和“热点”正在失去一个不同岩石圈比今天,与更厚的海洋的外壳和更薄的披风岩石圈;如此的岩石圈将比花更长时间目前变得否定地快活,在早地球上建议那板 tectonics 偶发地发生了如果根本。板 tectonics 变得持续(现代风格) 当土足够地冷却了时,融化在散布山脉下面的那解压缩做了薄海洋的外壳,允许海洋的岩石圈在百万年中的一些十个以后变得否定地快活。板 tectonics 什么时候开始了的 Ultimatelythe 问题必须被从地质的记录检索的信息回答。标准因为板 tectonics 的操作包括 ophiolites,蓝片岩 andultra 高的压力变形的带, eclogites,被动边缘,变换差错,不同 cratons 的不同运动的 paleomagneticdemonstration,和在火的岩石中的诊断 geochemicaland 同位素示踪剂的存在。这个记录必须个别地被解释;我解释记录在锝? 从活跃太古代的 tectonics 和类似于板 tectonics 的 magmatismto 一些东西显示构造式样的前进 9 Ga 到有深 subduction 的持续、现代风格板 tectonics—并且强大的平板拉—在 Neoproterozoic 时间开始。 | R. J. STERN | 2007 | Chinese Science Bulletin2007,52,5: | 37 |
| 2 | 板块构造启动的时间和机制:理论和经验探索显示文摘板块构造是指位于对流地幔圈层之上的岩石圈的水平运动,主要由岩石圈在俯冲带的下沉作用所致.板块构造是一个典型的、非平衡复杂体系的自组系统(selforganizing,far from equilibrium complex system,SOFFECS),其驱动力主要来自热边界层(岩石圈)的反向浮力,同时又受控于变形岩石圈与下覆粘性软流圈地幔的耗散作用.在太阳系内侧5个硅酸质行星中,板块构造仅发育于地球,这表明板块构造是硅酸质行星不太常见的一种热散逸方式.目前还不清楚这种构造活动和热散逸方式在地球上是从何时开始的.所有的硅酸质行星在形成初期可能都经历过一次短暂的岩浆海阶段.行星固结后,静止盖层模式是行星冷却的共同途径,即行星表面形成了一个不易活动的固化盖层,此时内部的热量只能通过拆沉作用、热点火山作用和岩浆浅部侵位等方式进行逃逸.由于地球早期温度较高,通过减压熔融形成的岩石圈结构不同于现代岩石圈,即地球早期岩石圈由厚的洋壳和薄的岩石圈地幔构成.这种岩石圈要产生反向浮力需要非常长的时间,因此地球早期即便有板块构造存在,其规模也比较零星.只有当地球冷却到一定程度,扩张中脊下部减压熔融形成薄的洋壳且大洋岩石圈只需几十个百万年就可以产生反向浮力时,才能形成与现今风格相似的、可持续性的板块构造.板块构造启动时间的认识最终取决于人们对相关地质记录(事件)的研究成果.板块构造的判别依据包括蛇绿岩、蓝片岩、超高压变质带、榴辉岩、被动大陆边缘、转换断层、指示克拉通陆块移动轨迹的古地磁研究以及岩浆岩地球化学和同位素构造判别等等.对地质记录的解释必须综合各方面的信息.本人认为现存的地质事件记录了地球构造随时间演化的过程,即太古代时期构造和岩浆活动剧烈,大约在1.9Ga时开始出现近似的板块构造,在新元古代才开始出现与现代相似的、可持续的、具有深俯冲和板片拖曳特性的板块构造. | R. J. Stern 唐俊(翻译) 牛耀龄(校对) | 2007 | 科学通报2007,52,5: | 12 |
| 3 | Frequency and clinical determinants of dementia after ischemic stroke显示文摘 | D. W. Desmond J. T. Moroney M. C. Paik M. Sano J. P. Mohr S. Aboumatar C.-L. Tseng S. Chan J. B. W. Williams R. H. Remien W. A. Hauser Y. Stern | 2000 | Neurology2000,,5: | 2 |
| 4 | Frequency and clinical determinants of dementia after ischemic stroke显示文摘 | D. W. Desmond J. T. Moroney M. C. Paik M. Sano J. P. Mohr S. Aboumatar C.-L. Tseng S. Chan J. B. W. Williams R. H. Remien W. A. Hauser Y. Stern | 2000 | Neurology2000,,5: | 1 |
| 5 | Hyponatremia Treatment Guidelines 2007: Expert Panel Recommendations显示文摘 | Joseph G. Verbalis Stephen R. Goldsmith Arthur Greenberg Robert W. Schrier Richard H. Sterns | 2007 | The American Journal of Medicine2007,,11: | 1 |
| 6 | Estimates of the elasticities of substitution between imports and home goods for the United States显示文摘 | Clinton R. Shiells Robert M. Stern Alan V. Deardorff | 1986 | Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv1986,,3: | 1 |
| 7 | Evaluation and intercomparison of Ozone and PM10 simulations by several chemistry transport models over four European cities within the CityDelta project显示文摘 | R. Vautard P.H.J. Builtjes P. Thunis C. Cuvelier M. Bedogni B. Bessagnet C. Honoré N. Moussiopoulos G. Pirovano M. Schaap R. Stern L. Tarrason P. Wind | 2006 | Atmospheric Environment2006,,1: | 1 |
| 8 | Predictors of Ischemic Stroke in the Territory of a Symptomatic Intracranial Arterial Stenosis显示文摘 | Scott E. Kasner Marc I. Chimowitz Michael J. Lynn Harriet Howlett-Smith Barney J. Stern Vicki S. Hertzberg Michael R. Frankel Steven R. Levine Seemant Chaturvedi Curtis G. Benesch Cathy A. Sila Tudor G. Jovin Jose G. Romano Harry J. Cloft | 2006 | Circulation2006,,4: | 1 |
| 9 | A contour integral computation of mixed-mode stress intensity factors显示文摘 | M. Stern E. B. Becker R. S. Dunham | 1976 | International Journal of Fracture1976,,3: | 1 |
| 10 | Mitochondrial Polymorphisms Significantly Reduce the Risk of Parkinson Disease显示文摘 | Joelle M. van der Walt Kristin K. Nicodemus Eden R. Martin William K. Scott Martha A. Nance Ray L. Watts Jean P. Hubble Jonathan L. Haines William C. Koller Kelly Lyons Rajesh Pahwa Matthew B. Stern Amy Colcher Bradley C. Hiner Joseph Jankovic William G. | 2003 | The American Journal of Human Genetics2003,,4: | 1 |
| 11 | RAGE Drives the Development of Glomerulosclerosis and Implicates Podocyte Activation in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Nephropathy显示文摘 | Thoralf M. Wendt Nozomu Tanji Jiancheng Guo Thomas R. Kislinger Wu Qu Yan Lu Loredana G. Bucciarelli Ling Ling Rong Bernhard Moser Glen S. Markowitz Gunther Stein Angelika Bierhaus Birgit Liliensiek Bernd Arnold Peter P. Nawroth David M. Stern Vivette D. | 2003 | The American Journal of Pathology2003,,4: | 1 |
| 12 | Apolipoprotein E controls the risk and age at onset of Parkinson disease显示文摘 | Y.J. Li M.A. Hauser W.K. Scott E.R. Martin M.W. Booze X.J. Qin J.W. Walter M.A. Nance J.P. Hubble W.C. Koller R. Pahwa M.B. Stern B.C. Hiner J. Jankovic C.G. Goetz G.W. Small F. Mastaglia J.L. Haines M.A. Pericak-Vance J.M. Vance | 2004 | Neurology2004,,: | 1 |
| 13 | Gastric dysrhythmias and nausea of pregnancy显示文摘 | Dr. K. L. Koch R. M. Stern M. Vasey J. J. Botti G. W. Creasy A. Dwyer | 1990 | Digestive Diseases and Sciences1990,,8: | 1 |
| 14 | Comprehensive Control of Human Papillomavirus Infections and Related Diseases显示文摘 | F. Xavier Bosch Thomas R. Broker David Forman Anna-Barbara Moscicki Maura L. Gillison John Doorbar Peter L. Stern Margaret Stanley Marc Arbyn Mario Poljak Jack Cuzick Philip E. Castle John T. Schiller Lauri E. Markowitz William A. Fisher Karen Canfell Lyn | 2013 | Vaccine2013,,: | 1 |
| 15 | Endoscopic therapy in the management of malignant biliary obstruction显示文摘 | N. Stern R. Sturgess | 2007 | European Journal of Surgical Oncology2007,,3: | 1 |
| 16 | Potential role of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor as vaccine adjuvant显示文摘 | T. Jones A. Stern R. Lin | 1994 | European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases1994,,2: | 1 |
| 17 | Effect of barium meals on gastric electromechanical activity in man显示文摘 | Dr. Kenneth L. Koch MD William R. Stewart MS Robert M. Stern PhD | 1987 | Digestive Diseases and Sciences1987,,11: | 1 |
| 18 | A contour integral computation of mixed-mode stress intensity factors显示文摘 | M. Stern E. B. Becker R. S. Dunham | 1976 | International Journal of Fracture1976,,3: | 1 |
| 19 | Changes of serum leptin and endocrine and metabolic parameters after 7 days of energy restriction in men and women显示文摘 | Gloria R. Dubuc Stephen D. Phinney Judith S. Stern Peter J. Havel | 1998 | Metabolism1998,,4: | 1 |
| 20 | General harmonic balance solution of a cracked rotor-bearing-disk system for harmonic and sub-harmonic analysis: Analytical and experimental approach显示文摘 | Mohammad A. AL-Shudeifat Eric A. Butcher Carl R. Stern | 2010 | International Journal of Engineering Science2010,,10: | 1 |