| 6 | Determinants of Schistosoma mansoni transmission in hotspots at the late stage of elimination in Egypt显示文摘Background In certain settings,the prevalence and severity of schistosoma infection do not lessen despite repeated rounds of preventative chemotherapy;these areas are known as hotspots.This study aimed to investigate the role of human practices,besides environmental and malacological factors,in the maintenance of the Schistosoma mansoni infection transmission chain in hotspot areas in Egypt.Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted between July and November 2019 in Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate,Egypt.A pre-designed structured interviewing questionnaire was used to collect humanitarian data.Stool samples were collected from children aged 6–15 years on three successive days and examined using the Kato-Katz technique.Simultaneously,water and snail samples were taken from watercourses surrounding houses.Snails were identified based on their shell morphology and structure and tested for cercaria shedding.Water samples were analyzed for their physicochemical and biological characteristics.Results A total of 2259 fecal samples(1113 in summer and 1146 in fall)were collected from 861 children.About 46.9%of the participants were males,and 31.8%were aged 6–10 years.The prevalence of S.mansoni infection was higher during the summer than during the fall(19.1%vs 7.2%,respectively,P<0.01).The intensity of infection(light,moderate,and heavy)during summer versus fall was(93.55 vs 89.38%,6.45 vs 8.85%,and 0.00%vs 1.77%),respectively(P<0.05).A higher prevalence of human infection was observed among males than females[OR=1.63,95%confidence interval(CI):1.10–2.40,P=0.015],children aged 11–15 years than among their counterparts aged 6–10 years(OR=2.96,95%CI:1.72–5.06,P<0.001),and mothers with a low level of education(OR=3.33,95%CI:1.70–6.52,P<0.001).The main identified risk factors were contacting the main body of water-canal for washing clothes(OR=1.81,95%CI:1.12–2.49,P=0.015),land irrigation(OR=2.56,95%CI:1.32–4.96,P=0.004),water collection(OR=2.94,95%CI:1.82–4.73,P<0.001),bathing(OR=2.34,95%CI:1.21–4.31,P=0.009),and garbage disposal(OR=2.38,95%CI:1.38–4.12,P<0.001).The count of Biomphalaria alexandrina was distinct between seasons(P<0.01)in consistent with statistically significant differences in water temperature,salinity,turbidity,the total concentration of coliforms,depth,velocity,and water level(P<0.01).The presence of grasses and duckweeds was significantly associated with snail infection(P=0.00 l).Significant effects of water depth,pH,temperature,and total dissolved solids on snail count were also observed(P<0.05).Conclusions The persistence of the infection is due to adoption of risky behaviors and environmental factors thatenhance snail survival and infection. Schistosomiasis elimination in hotspots requires an integrated control approachthat combines preventive chemotherapy with other complementary measures. | Ramy Mohamed Ghazy Walid Ismail Ellakany Mai M.Badr Nehad E.M.Taktak Heba Elhadad Sarah MAbdo Ayat Hagag Abdel Rahman Hussein Mohamed Mostafa Tahoun | 2022 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2022，11，5： | 0 |
| 7 | An Enhanced Deep Learning Method for Skin Cancer Detection and Classification显示文摘The prevalence of melanoma skin cancer has increased in recent decades.The greatest risk from melanoma is its ability to broadly spread throughout the body by means of lymphatic vessels and veins.Thus,the early diagnosis of melanoma is a key factor in improving the prognosis of the disease.Deep learning makes it possible to design and develop intelligent systems that can be used in detecting and classifying skin lesions from visible-light images.Such systems can provide early and accurate diagnoses of melanoma and other types of skin diseases.This paper proposes a new method which can be used for both skin lesion segmentation and classification problems.This solution makes use of Convolutional neural networks(CNN)with the architecture two-dimensional(Conv2D)using three phases:feature extraction,classification and detection.The proposed method is mainly designed for skin cancer detection and diagnosis.Using the public dataset International Skin Imaging Collaboration(ISIC),the impact of the proposed segmentation method on the performance of the classification accuracy was investigated.The obtained results showed that the proposed skin cancer detection and classification method had a good performance with an accuracy of 94%,sensitivity of 92%and specificity of 96%.Also comparing with the related work using the same dataset,i.e.,ISIC,showed a better performance of the proposed method. | Mohamed W.Abo El-Soud Tarek Gaber Mohamed Tahoun Abdullah Alourani | 2022 | Computers, Materials & Continua2022，，10： | 0 |
| 8 | Floc meal as potential substitute for soybean meal in tilapia diets under biofloc system conditions显示文摘This study was conducted to evaluate the ef fect of replacing soybean meal(SBM) by low protein ?oc meal(LPFM; 24% CP) in tilapia diets on growth performance, feed utilization and ?sh chemical composition. Three isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets were formulated; control diet(C; without LPFM),FM 25(25% of SBM protein was substituted by LPFM) and FM 50(50% of SBM protein was substituted by LPFM). Nine 55 l circular plastic tanks were stocked by 12 ?sh to form three experimental groups.No dif ferences in tilapia performance were observed between the control and the FM 25 diet. Chemical composition of ?sh did not dif fer signi?cantly among treatments except for protein and selenium contents where the highest values were recorded in the control treatment. The highest mineral content was recorded in ?oc collected from the control tanks, while calcium content showed its highest value in ?oc collected from FM 50 e ? uent. These data indicate that replacing soybean meal with LPFM up to 25%, had no negative ef fect on growth performance and potentially may improve the system sustainability. Meanwhile, the adverse ef fect of more inclusion of LPFM in tilapia diet may be attributed to the higher content of ash. In other word,minerals seem to cause more energy utilization in ?sh fed ?oc meal since it is needed to maintain osmotic homeostasis. | Rania S. MABROKE Osama M. EL-HUSSEINY Abd El-Naem F. A. ZIDAN Al-Azab TAHOUN Ashraf SULOMA | 2019 | Journal of Oceanology and Limnology2019，37，1： | 0 |
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