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| 1 | Differential colorectal carcinogenesis:Molecular basis and clinical relevance显示文摘Colorectal cancer(CCR) is one of the most frequent cancers in developed countries.It poses a major public health problem and there is renewed interest in understanding the basic principles of the molecular biology of colorectal cancer.It has been established that sporadic CCRs can arise from at least two different carcinogenic pathways.The traditional pathway,also called the suppressor or chromosomal instability pathway,follows the Fearon and Vogelstein model and shows mutation in classical oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes,such as K-ras,adenomatous polyposis coli,deleted in colorectal cancer,or p53.Alterations in the Wnt pathway are also very common in this type of tumour.The second main colorectal carcinogenesis pathway is the mutator pathway.This pathway is present in nearly 15% of all cases of sporadic colorectal cancer.It is characterized by the presence of mutations in the microsatellite sequences caused by a defect in the DNA mismatch repair genes,mostly in hMLH1 or hMSH2.These two pathways have clear molecular differences,which will be reviewed in this article,but they also present distinct histopathological features.More strikingly,their clinical behaviours are completely different,having the 'mutator' tumours a better outcome than the 'suppressor' tumours. | Alberto Morán Paloma Ortega Carmen de Juan Tamara Fernández-Marcelo Cristina Frías Andrés Sánchez-Pernaute Antonio José Torres Eduardo Díaz-Rubio Pilar Iniesta Manuel Benito | 2010 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2010，2，3： | 5 |
| 2 | A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles显示文摘Phylogenetic studies of Carex L.(Cyperaceae)have consistently demonstrated that most subgenera and sections are para-or polyphyletic.Yet,taxonomists continue to use subgenera and sections in Carex classification.Why?The Global Carex Group(GCG)here takes the position that the historical and continued use of subgenera and sections serves to(i)organize our understanding of lineages in Carex,(ii)create an identification mechanism to break the~2000 species of Carex into manageable groups and stimulate its study,and(iii)provide a framework to recognize morphologically diagnosable lineages within Carex.Unfortunately,the current understanding of phylogenetic relationships in Carex is not yet sufficient for a global reclassification of the genus within a Linnean infrageneric(sectional)framework.Rather than leaving Carex classification in its current state,which is misleading and confusing,we here take the intermediate steps of implementing the recently revised subgeneric classification and using a combination of informally named clades and formally named sections to reflect the current state of our knowledge.This hybrid classification framework is presented in an order corresponding to a linear arrangement of the clades on a ladderized phylogeny,largely based on the recent phylogenies published by the GCG.It organizes Carex into six subgenera,which are,in turn,subdivided into 62 formally named Linnean sections plus 49 informal groups.This framework will serve as a roadmap for research on Carex phylogeny,enabling further development of a complete reclassification by presenting relevant morphological and geographical information on clades where possible and standardizing the use of formal sectional names. | Eric H.Roalson Pedro Jiménez-Mejías Andrew L.Hipp Carmen Benítez-Benítez Leo P.Bruederle Kyong-Sook Chung Marcial Escudero Bruce A.Ford Kerry Ford Sebastian Gebauer Berit Gehrke Marlene Hahn Muhammad Qasim Hayat Mathias H.Hoffmann Xiao-Feng Jin Sangtae Kim Isabel Larridon Étienne Léveillé-Bourret Yi-Fei Lu Modesto Luceño Enrique Maguilla Jose IgnacioMárquez-Corro Santiago Martín-Bravo Tomomi Masaki Mónica Míguez Robert F.C.Naczi Anton A.Reznicek Daniel Spalink Julian R.Starr Uzma Tamara Villaverde Marcia J.Waterway Karen L.Wilson and Shu-Ren Zhang | 2021 | Journal of Systematics and Evolution2021，59，4： | 3 |
| 3 | Structure of the perineal membrane in females: gross and microscopic anatomy 显示文摘 | Tamara AS John OLD | 2008 | Obstet Gynecol2008，111，： | 1 |
| 4 | A new classification of Cyperaceae (Poales) supported by phylogenomic data显示文摘Cyperaceae(sedges)are the third largest monocot family and are of considerable economic and ecological importance.Sedges represent an ideal model family to study evolutionary biology due to their species richness,global distribution,large discrepancies in lineage diversity,broad range of ecological preferences,and adaptations including multiple origins of C4 photosynthesis and holocentric chromosomes.Goetghebeur′s seminal work on Cyperaceae published in 1998 provided the most recent complete classification at tribal and generic level,based on a morphological study of Cyperaceae inflorescence,spikelet,flower,and embryo characters,plus anatomical and other information.Since then,several family-level molecular phylogenetic studies using Sanger sequence data have been published.Here,more than 20 years after the last comprehensive classification of the family,we present the first family-wide phylogenomic study of Cyperaceae based on targeted sequencing using the Angiosperms353 probe kit sampling 311 accessions.In addition,62 accessions available from GenBank were mined for overlapping reads and included in the phylogenomic analyses.Informed by this backbone phylogeny,a new classification for the family at the tribal,subtribal,and generic levels is proposed.The majority of previously recognized suprageneric groups are supported,and for the first time,we establish support for tribe Cryptangieae as a clade including the genus Koyamaea.We provide a taxonomic treatment including identification keys and diagnoses for the 2 subfamilies,24 tribes,and 10 subtribes,and basic information on the 95 genera.The classification includes five new subtribes in tribe Schoeneae:Anthelepidinae,Caustiinae,Gymnoschoeninae,Lepidospermatinae,and Oreobolinae. | Isabel Larridon Alexandre R.Zuntini Étienne Léveillé-Bourret Russell L.Barrett Julian R.Starr AMuthama Muasya Tamara Villaverde Kenneth Bauters Grace E.Brewer Jeremy J.Bruhl Suzana M.Costa Tammy L.Elliott Niroshini Epitawalage Marcial Escudero Isabel Fairlie Paul Goetghebeur Andrew LHipp Pedro Jiménez-Mejías Izai ABSabino Kikuchi Modesto Luceño JoséIgnacio Márquez-Corro Santiago Martín-Bravo Olivier Maurin Lisa Pokorny Eric HRoalson Ilias Semmouri David A.Simpson Daniel Spalink WWayt Thomas Karen L.Wilson Martin Xanthos Félix Forest William J.Baker | 2021 | Journal of Systematics and Evolution2021，59，4： | 1 |
| 5 | Fetal-maternal HLA- C mismatch is associated with decidual T cell activation and induction of functional T regulatory cells 显示文摘 | Tamara T Sicco AS Barbara JM | 2009 | J Reprod Immunol2009，82，： | 1 |
| 6 | Telomere function in colorectal cancer显示文摘Colorectal cancer is the third most common form of cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the western world.Tumour cells acquire the hallmarks of cancer during the carcinogenic selection process.Cell immortality is one of the principal features acquired during this process which involves the stabilization of telomere length.It is achieved mainly,by telomerase activation.Thus,the discovery of telomeres and telomerase allowed an understanding of the mechanisms by which cells can become immortalized.Different studies have shown that tumour cells have shorter telomeres than nontumour cells and have detected telomerase activity in the majority of tumours.Survival studies have determined that telomere maintenance and telomerase activity are associated with poor prognosis.Taking into account all the results achieved by different groups,quantification and evaluation of telomerase activity and measurement of telomere length may be useful methods for additional biologic and prognostic staging of colorectal carcinoma. | Cristina Frías Alberto Morán Carmen de Juan Paloma Ortega Tamara Fernández-Marcelo Andrés Sánchez-Pernaute Antonio José Torres Eduardo Díaz-Rubio Manuel Benito Pilar Iniesta | 2009 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2009，1，1： | 0 |
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