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| 1 | Extremely high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in Bhutan显示文摘AIM: To revealed the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori ) infection in the Bhutanese population. METHODS: We recruited a total of 372 volunteers (214 females and 158 males; mean age of 39.6 ± 14.9 years) from three Bhutanese cities (Thimphu, Punaka, and Wangdue). The status of H. pylori infection was determined based on five different tests: the rapid urease test (CLO test), culture, histology, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and serum anti H. pylori -antibody. RESULTS: The serological test showed a significantly higher positive rate compared with the CLO test, culture, histology and IHC (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P=0.01, and P=0.01, respectively). When the subjects were considered to be H. pylori positive in the case of at least one test showing a positive result, the overall prevalence of H. pylori infection in Bhutan was 73.4%. The prevalence of H. pylori infection significantly decreased with age (P < 0.01). The prevalence of H. pylori infection was lower in Thimphu than in Punakha and Wangdue (P=0.001 and 0.06, respectively). The prevalence of H. pylori infection was significantly higher in patients with peptic ulcers than in those with gastritis (91.4% vs 71.3%, P=0.003). CONCLUSION: The high incidence of gastric cancer in Bhutan may be attributed to the high prevalence of H. pylori infection. | Ratha-korn Vilaichone Varocha Mahachai Seiji Shiota Tomohisa Uchida Thawee Ratanachu-ek Lotay Tshering Nguyen Lam Tung Toshio Fujioka Masatsugu Moriyama Yoshio Yamaoka | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，18： | 8 |
| 2 | Antibiotics resistance rate of Helicobacter pylori in Bhutan显示文摘AIM:To survey the antibiotic resistance pattern of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)strains isolated from Bhutanese population.METHODS:We isolated 111 H.pylori strains from the gastric mucosa of H.pylori-infected patients in Bhutan in 2010.The Epsilometer test was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations(MICs)of amoxicillin(AMX),clarithromycin(CLR),metronidazole(MNZ),levofloxacin(LVX),ciprofloxacin(CIP),and tetracycline(TET).RESULTS:Nineteen of the isolated H.pylori strains were susceptible to all antibiotics tested.The isolated strains showed the highest rate of antibiotic resistance to MNZ(92/111,82.9%).Among the 92 MNZresistant strains,74 strains(80.4%)showed high-level resistance(MIC≥256 g/mL).Three strains were resistance to LVX(2.7%).These strains were also resistance to CIP.None of the strains showed resistance to CLR,AMX and TET.CONCLUSION:CLR-based triple therapy is a more effective treatment approach over MNZ-based triple therapy for H.pylori infection in Bhutan. | Ratha-korn Vilaichone Yoshio Yamaoka Seiji Shiota Thawee Ratanachu-ek Lotay Tshering Tomohisa Uchida Toshio Fujioka Varocha Mahachai | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，33： | 6 |
| 3 | 不丹的黑颈鹤:种群现状和保护显示文摘黑颈鹤(Grus nigricollis)在世界自然保护联盟濒危物种红色名录中被列为“易危”物种,在不丹也同样受法律保护。不丹是重要的、也是除中国之外的最大黑颈鹤越冬地。黑颈鹤在不丹的越冬期为5个月,越冬区域为不丹的中部(Phobjilka,Khotokha和Gyetsa)和东部(Bumdeling)。不丹的黑颈鹤同步统计工作始于1986-1987年冬季,调查地点包括了最主要的几个越冬区,如不丹中部的Phobjikha和Khotokha以及东部的Bumdeling。调查工作由不丹皇家自然保护学会和林业部(现为林业和公园服务部)发起。从1986-1987冬季开始,至2013-2014冬季(共28个越冬期),同步调查结果表明平均每年的越冬黑颈鹤数量为415只1。在1986-1987冬季,黑颈鹤数量仅为370只,但在2013-2014年冬季调查中,黑颈鹤数量已达550只,增长率高达48.6%2。在28年中,平均每年的种群增长率为1.73%,或者说每年会增加6只黑颈鹤。在过去的两个半世纪中,不丹的黑颈鹤数量一直在稳步增加。但是除了Phobjikha山谷地区的黑颈鹤数量在逐步增长以外,其他几个地点,如Bumthang、Bumdeling和Khotokha的数量却在减少,尤其是在20世纪90年代初之后。整体来看,在黑颈鹤统计数量最多的那一年,共550只,幼鹤数量为63只,幼体新增率为11.4%。最引人注目的保护工作是Phobjikha和Bumdeling两地均已晋升为保护地,其中Phobjikha为保护区,而Bumdeling falls(位于Bumdeling野生动物庇护所)则成为了国际重要湿地。Khotokha和Bumdeling一样,也在2012年成为了国际重要湿地。在Bumthang地区的Thangbi falls(位于Ugyen Wangchuck Centennial Park),黑颈鹤同样受到了有效保护。在这些地区,黑颈鹤受到的主要威胁是人类经济发展导致的对自然环境的破坏。今后的保护计划主要包括生境恢复、生境和捕猎研究、宣教项目、环志研究等。“可持续民生发展项目”也已在Phobjikha和Bumdeling实施,其中在Phobjikha的项目尤其备受关注。在法律层面上,针对黑颈鹤的保护政策日趋完善,而在社会文化中,民众一直视黑颈鹤为“LhaBja”,即“天堂之鸟”,这些均保证了黑颈鹤会得到最好的保护。 | Tshering Phuntsho Jigme Tshering | 2014 | Zoological Research2014，35，S01： | 3 |
| 4 | Antibiotic Resistance in Salmonella Isolates from Imported Chicken Carcasses in Bhutan and from Pig Carcasses in Vietnam显示文摘 | Ellerbroek L Narapati D Tai N Phu Poosaran N Pinthong R Sirimalaisuwan A Tshering P Fries R Zessin K-h Baumann M Schroeter A | 2010 | Journal of Food Protection2010，，2： | 2 |
| 5 | Impact of land cover change on a mountain ecosystem and its services:case study from the Phobjikha valley,Bhutan显示文摘Introduction:Mountains occupy 24%of the global land surface and are home to 12%of the world’s population;they host the world’s principal biomes and supply a diverse array of ecosystem services.But they are also highly sensitive to both natural and human induced changes,which can affect service provision meant for one third of humanity.Systematic research on impacts of land cover change from mountains at the local scale are limited,especially in developing countries,which poses a barrier to informed planning for sustainable management.Bhutan being in the forefront as contributor towards global conservation goals,a case study following a systematic research framework considering quantitative,qualitative and geospatial tools was experimented.Outcome:Respondents identified and ranked 24 ecosystem services,among which the provisioning services were the most important,followed by cultural,regulating,and supporting services.Forest was the most important land cover type for services,followed by marsh,scrub,water bodies,and agriculture.The area of forest declined by 2%and marsh by 7%over the 32-year period,suggesting a potential decrease in ecosystem services,which was also observed by the local community.Discussion:It was observed that 80%of the local people are still directly dependent on the diverse ecosystems for services.Though subtle,the decrease in land cover has implications for livelihoods of the people and the rich biodiversity of the area.Aspiring communities for local development needs guidance for identifying trade-offs in land cover types in sustainable management.An integrated and holistic approach focusing on both conservation and community development should be used to manage and develop the valley and the region sustainably.Conclusion:We recommend diversifying the limited livelihood strategies(potato farming and livestock grazing)to reduce the potential vulnerability of the local community and reduce the pressure on forest and marsh.Proper land use planning in the valley would be beneficial to maintain and regulate land uses in an effective way and avoid possible conflicts between settlement,agriculture,forest,and marsh. | Sunita Chaudhary Dago Tshering Tshering Phuntsho Kabir Uddin Bandana Shakya Nakul Chettri | 2017 | Ecosystem Health and Sustainability2017，3，9： | 2 |
| 6 | Seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric mucosal atrophy in Bhutan, a country with a high prevalence of gastric cancer显示文摘 | Seiji Shiota Varocha Mahachai Ratha-korn Vilaichone Thawee Ratanachu-ek Lotay Tshering Tomohisa Uchida Osamu Matsunari Yoshio Yamaoka | 2013 | Journal of Medical Microbiology2013，，1： | 2 |
| 7 | Diffusion- weighted MR imaging including bi-exponential fitting for the detection of recurrent or residual tumour after (chemo)radiotherapy for laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers显示文摘 | Tshering Vogel DW Zbaeren P Geretschlaeger A | 2013 | Eur Radiol2013，23，： | 1 |
| 8 | A prospective hospital - based surveillance to estimate rotavirus disease burden in bbutanese children under 5 years of age 显示文摘 | Wangchuk S Dorji T Tshering K | 2015 | Tropical medicine and health2015，43，1： | 1 |
| 9 | Seroprevalence of Torque teno sus virus types 1 and 2 in postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome-suspected pigs and porcine circovirus type 2-vaccinated normal pigs in Southern Japan显示文摘 | Tshering C Takagi M Deguchi E | 2012 | J Vet Med Sci2012，74，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Seroprevalenee of torque teno sus virus types 1 and 2 in postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome-suspected pigs and porcine cireovirus type 2-vaccinated normal pigs in southern Japan 显示文摘 | Tshering C Takagi M Deguehi E | 2012 | J Vet Med Sci2012，74，1： | 1 |
| 11 | Cancer of theoral cavity and oropharynx显示文摘 | Tshering Vogel DW Zbaeren P Thoeny HC | 2010 | Cancer Imaging2010，10，16： | 1 |
| 12 | Cancer of the oral cavity and oropharynx 显示文摘 | Tshering Vogel DW Zbaeren P Thoeny HC | 2010 | Cancer Imaging2010，10，16： | 1 |
| 13 | Effect of land use, season, and soil depth on soil microbial biomass carbon of Eastern Himalayas显示文摘Background:Soil microbial biomass,an important nutrient pool for ecosystem nutrient cycling is affected by several factors including climate,edaphic,and land-use change.Himalayan soils are young and unstable and prone to erosion and degradation due to its topography,bioclimatic conditions and anthropogenic activities such as frequent land-use change.Through this study,we tried to assess how soil parameters and microbial biomass carbon(MBC)of Eastern Himalayan soils originated from gneissic rock change with land-use type,soil depth and season.Chloroform fumigation extraction method was employed to determine MBC from different land-use types.Results:Soil physical and chemical properties varied significantly with season,land-use and soil depth(p<0.001).The maximum values of soil properties were observed in the rainy season followed by summer and winter season in all the study sites.Annual mean microbial biomass carbon was highest in the forest(455.03μg g−1)followed by cardamom agroforestry(392.86μg g−1)and paddy cropland(317.47μg g−1).Microbial biomass carbon exhibited strong significant seasonal difference(p<0.001)in all the land-use types with a peak value in the rainy season(forest-592.78μg g−1;agroforestry-499.84μg g−1 and cropland-365.21μg g−1)and lowest in the winter season(forest−338.46μg g−1;agroforestry-320.28μg g−1 and cropland−265.70μg g−1).The value of microbial biomass carbon decreased significantly with soil depth(p<0.001)but showed an insignificant increase in the second year which corresponds to a change in rainfall pattern.Besides,land-use type,season and soil depth,soil properties also strongly influenced microbial biomass carbon(p<0.001).Microbial quotient was highest in the agroforestry system(2.16%)and least in the subtropical forest(1.91%).Conclusions:Our results indicate that land-use,soil depth and season significantly influenced soil properties and microbial biomass carbon.The physical and chemical properties of soil and MBC exhibit strong seasonality while the type of land-use influenced the microbial activity and biomass of different soil layers in the study sites.Higher soil organic carbon content in cardamom agroforestry and forest in the present study indicates that restoration of the litter layer through retrogressive land-use change accelerates microbial C immobilization which further helps in the maintenance of soil fertility and soil organic carbon sequestration. | Nima Tshering Lepcha N.Bijayalaxmi Devi | 2020 | Ecological Processes2020，9，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric mucosal atrophy in Bhutan, a country with a high prevalence of gastric cancer显示文摘 | Seiji Shiota Varocha Mahachai Ratha-korn Vilaichone Thawee Ratanachu-ek Lotay Tshering Tomohisa Uchida Osamu Matsunari Yoshio Yamaoka | 2013 | Journal of Medical Microbiology (Pt )2013，，10： | 1 |
| 15 | 全球黑颈鹤越冬种群分布与数量显示文摘黑颈鹤(Grusnigricollis)是我国国家一级重点保护野生动物,被IUCN列为近危(NT)物种。黑颈鹤越冬种群主要分布在中国云南省东北部和西北部、贵州省西北部以及西藏自治区中南部,还有少部分分布于不丹。对黑颈鹤这一高原鹤类的越冬分布与数量展开调查,有助于了解该物种的种群数量变化趋势。为掌握全球黑颈鹤越冬种群分布与数量现状,我们于2022年1月至3月初在中国新疆、西藏、云南、贵州以及不丹,基于历史分布位点与当地居民观测记录,采用直接计数法对黑颈鹤越冬分布及种群数量开展调查。结果表明:(1)青藏高原黑颈鹤越冬种群数量为11,812–11,895只,云贵高原为5,577–5,715只,综上目前全球黑颈鹤总数约为17,389–17,610只,较2020年中国同步调查数据与不丹调查数据的总和增加了11.81%–13.23%;(2)新疆且末县吐拉牧场为新发现的黑颈鹤越冬地,这一发现将黑颈鹤越冬地的北限从30°N拓展至37°N。基于本次调查及以往文献,我们建议将黑颈鹤西藏越冬种群划分为日喀则越冬种群、拉萨–山南越冬种群和林芝越冬种群。 | 陈嘉珈 蒲真 黄中鸿 于凤琴 张建军 许东华 徐俊泉 尚鹏 地里木拉提·帕尔哈提 李耀江 JIGME TSHERING 郭玉民 | 2023 | 生物多样性2023，31，6： | 0 |
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