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| 1 | Need of surveillance response systems to combat Ebola outbreaks and other emerging infectious diseases in African countries显示文摘There is growing concern in Sub-Saharan Africa about the spread of the Ebola virus disease(EVD),formerly known as Ebola haemorrhagic fever,and the public health burden that it ensues.Since 1976,there have been 885,343 suspected and laboratory confirmed cases of EVD and the disease has claimed 2,512 cases and 932 fatality in West Africa.There are certain requirements that must be met when responding to EVD outbreaks and this process could incur certain challenges.For the purposes of this paper,five have been identified:(i)the deficiency in the development and implementation of surveillance response systems against Ebola and others infectious disease outbreaks in Africa;(ii)the lack of education and knowledge resulting in an EVD outbreak triggering panic,anxiety,psychosocial trauma,isolation and dignity impounding,stigmatisation,community ostracism and resistance to associated socio-ecological and public health consequences;(iii)limited financial resources,human technical capacity and weak community and national health system operational plans for prevention and control responses,practices and management;(iv)inadequate leadership and coordination;and(v)the lack of development of new strategies,tools and approaches,such as improved diagnostics and novel therapies including vaccines which can assist in preventing,controlling and containing Ebola outbreaks as well as the spread of the disease.Hence,there is an urgent need to develop and implement an active early warning alert and surveillance response system for outbreak response and control of emerging infectious diseases.Understanding the unending risks of transmission dynamics and resurgence is essential in implementing rapid effective response interventions tailored to specific local settings and contexts.Therefore,the following actions are recommended:(i)national and regional inter-sectorial and trans-disciplinary surveillance response systems that include early warnings,as well as critical human resources development,must be quickly adopted by allied ministries and organisations in African countries in epidemic and pandemic responses;(ii)harnessing all stakeholders commitment and advocacy in sustained funding,collaboration,communication and networking including community participation to enhance a coordinated responses,as well as tracking and prompt case management to combat challenges;(iii)more research and development in new drug discovery and vaccines;and(iv)understanding the involvement of global health to promote the establishment of public health surveillance response systems with functions of early warning,as well as monitoring and evaluation in upholding research-action programmes and innovative interventions. | Ernest Tambo Emmanuel Chidiebere Ugwu Jeane Yonkeu Ngogang | 2014 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2014，3，1： | 20 |
| 2 | Burden of diabetic foot ulcer in Nigeria: Current evidence from the multicenter evaluation of diabetic foot ulcer in Nigeria显示文摘BACKGROUND Nigeria bears the greatest burden of diabetes prevalence in Sub-Saharan Africa. Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a serious and potentially life-threatening complication of diabetes. Significant improvements in diabetic foot incidence and outcomes have been recorded in many Western countries in the past decade. However, the current burden of DFU in Nigeria is largely unknown. AIM To evaluate the patients’ profile, ulcer characteristics, associated co-morbidities and outcome of patients with DFU in Nigeria. METHODS Multicenter evaluation of diabetic foot ulcer in Nigeria was a one year multicenter observational study of patients hospitalized for DFU in six tertiary health institutions in Nigeria from March 2016 to March 2017. Demographic and diabetes information, ulcer characteristics and associated co-morbidities were assessed. Relevant laboratory and imaging studies were performed. All patients received appropriate multi-disciplinary care and were followed up until discharge or death. Outcome variables of interest were ulcer healing, lower extremity amputation (LEA), duration of hospitalization and mortality. RESULTS A total of 336 patients (55.1% male) with mean age of 55.9 ± 12.5 years were enrolled into this study. Majority (96.1%) had type 2 diabetes. Only 25.9% of the subjects had prior foot care knowledge. Most of the subjects presented late to the hospital and median (IQR) duration of ulcer at presentation was 39 (28-54) d. Ulcers were already advanced (Wagner grades ≥ 3) in 79.2% of the subjects while 76.8% of the ulcers were infected at the time of admission. The commonest comorbidities were systemic hypertension, anemia and hyperglycemic emergencies. One hundred and nineteen subjects (35.4%) suffered LEA while 10.4% left against medical advice. The median (IQR) duration of hospitalization was 52.0 (29-66) d with case fatality rate of 20.5%. CONCLUSION The burden of DFU in Nigeria is very high. The major gaps include low level of foot care knowledge among diabetic patients, overdependence on self-medication and unorthodox medicine following development of foot ulceration, late hospital presentation, and high amputation and mortality rates. Extensive foot care education within the framework of a multi-disciplinary foot care team is highly desirable. | Ejiofor Ugwu Olufunmilayo Adeleye Ibrahim Gezawa Innocent Okpe Marcelina Enamino Ignatius Ezeani | 2019 | World Journal of Diabetes2019，10，3： | 5 |
| 3 | Photobioreactors for mass cultivation of algae显示文摘 | Ugwu C U Aoyagi H Uchiyama H | 2008 | Bioresource Technology2008，99，10： | 1 |
| 4 | Improvement of mass transfer characteristics and productivities of inclined tubular photobioreactors by installation of internal static mixers显示文摘 | Ugwu C U Ogbonna J C Tanaka H | 2002 | Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology2002，58，5： | 1 |
| 5 | Key performance indicators and assessment methods for infrastructure sustainability-- a South African construction industry perspective 显示文摘 | UGWU O O HAUPT T C | 2007 | Building and Environment2007，42，2： | 1 |
| 6 | Design of static mixers for inclined tubular photobioreactors显示文摘 | Ugwu C U Ogbonna J C Tanaka H | 2003 | Journal of Applied Phycology2003，15，2： | 1 |
| 7 | Chronic osteomyelitis in patients with sickle cell disease显示文摘 | Nwadiaro HC Ugwu BT Legbo JN | 2000 | East Afr Med J2000，77，1： | 1 |
| 8 | A review and classification of emerging excipients in parenteral medications显示文摘 | Apte S P Ugwu S O | | 0，，3： | 1 |
| 9 | Quality of stroke care at an Irish Regional General Hospital and Stroke Rehabilitation Unit显示文摘 | Walsh T Browne J Ugwu E | 2009 | Ir J Med Sci2009，178，1： | 1 |
| 10 | A review and classification of emerging excipients in parenteral medications显示文摘 | APTE S P UGWU S O | 2003 | Pharm Tec2003，27，3： | 1 |
| 11 | Empowering col- laborative decisions in complex construction project scenari- os显示文摘 | KUMARASWAMY M NG S UGWU O | 2004 | Engineering Construction and Architectural Manage- ment2004，11，2： | 1 |
| 12 | Design of static mixers for inclined tubular photobioreactors显示文摘 | UGWU CU OGBONNA JC TANAKA H | 2003 | Journal of Applied Phycology2003，15，23： | 1 |
| 13 | A multi-agent system for distributed collaborative design 显示文摘 | Anumba C J Ugwu O O Newnham L | 2001 | Logistics Information Management2001，14，56： | 1 |
| 14 | Prospective evalu- ation of the usefulness of C reactive protein in the diagno- sis of neonatal sepsis in a sub-Saharan African region显示文摘 | West BA Peterside O Ugwu RO | 2012 | Antimicrob Resist Infect Control2012，1，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Maternal and perinatal outcome of severe pre-eclampsia in Enugu, Nigeria after introduction of Magnesium sulfate 显示文摘 | Ugwu EO Dim CC Okonkwo CD | 2011 | Niger J Clin Pract2011，14，41： | 1 |
| 16 | Phtobioreactors for mass cultivation of algae显示文摘 | Ugwu C U Aoyagi H Uchiyama H | | 0，，10： | 1 |
| 17 | Influence of age on blood pressure recovery after maximal effort ergometer exercise in non-athletic adult males显示文摘 | DIMKPA U UGWU A C | 2009 | Eur J Appl Physiol2009，106，6： | 1 |
| 18 | Collaborative design of structures using intelligent agents 显示文摘 | Anumba C J Ugwu 0 O Newnham L | 2002 | Automation in Construction2002，11，1： | 1 |
| 19 | Photobioreactors for mass cultivation of algae显示文摘 | Ugwu C Aoyagi H Uchiyama H | 2008 | Bioresource Technology2008，99，10： | 1 |
| 20 | Testicular torsion on the Jos plateau显示文摘 | Ugwu BT Dakum NK Yiltok SJ | 2003 | West Afr J Med2003，22，2： | 1 |
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