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| 1 | Animal models used to study direct peripheral nerve repair: a systematic review显示文摘Objective:Peripheral nerve repair is required after traumatic injury.This common condition represents a major public health problem worldwide.Recovery after nerve repair depends on several factors,including the severity of the injury,the nerve involved,and the surgeon’s technical skills.Despite the precise microsurgical repair of nerve lesions,adequate functional recovery is not always achieved and,therefore,the regeneration process and surgical techniques are still being studied.Pre-clinical animal models are essential for this research and,for this reason,the focus of the present systematic review(according to the PRISMA statement)was to analyze the different animal models used in pre-clinical peripheral nerve repair studies.Data sources:Original articles,published in English from 2000 to 2018,were collected using the Web of Science,Scopus,and PubMed databases.Data selection:Only preclinical trials on direct nerve repair were included in this review.The articles were evaluated by the first two authors,in accordance with predefined data fields.Outcome measures:The primary outcomes included functional motor abilities,daily activity and regeneration rate.Secondary outcomes included coaptation technique and animal model.Results:This review yielded 267 articles,of which,after completion of the screening,49 studies were analyzed.There were 1425 animals in those 49 studies,being rats,mice,guinea pigs,rabbits,cats and dogs the different pre-clinical models.The nerves used were classified into three groups:head and neck(11),forelimb(8)and hindlimb(30).The techniques used to perform the coaptation were:microsuture(46),glue(12),laser(8)and mechanical(2).The follow-up examinations were histology(43),electrophysiological analysis(24)and behavioral observation(22).Conclusion:The most widely used animal model in the study of peripheral nerve repair is the rat.Other animal models are also used but the cost-benefit of the rat model provides several strengths over the others.Suture techniques are currently the first option for nerve repair,but the use of glues,lasers and bioengineering materials is increasing.Hence,further research in this field is required to improve clinical practice. | Francisco Javier Vela Guadalupe Martínez-Chacón Alberto Ballestín JoséLuis Campos Francisco Miguel Sánchez-Margallo Elena Abellán | 2020 | Neural Regeneration Research2020，15，3： | 1 |
| 2 | Wastewater disinfection using ozone to remove free-living,highly pathogenic bacteria and amoebae显示文摘 | Ma Teresa Orta de Vela'squez Ma Neftal1' Rojas-Valencia Alberto Ayala | 2008 | Ozone:Science and Engineering2008，，30： | 1 |
| 3 | Reactivity of Indoles through the Eyes of a Charge-Transfer Partitioning Analysis显示文摘A global and local charge transfer partitioning model,based on the cornerstone theory developed by Robert G.Parr and Robert G.Pearson,which introduces two charge transfer channels(one for accepting electrons(electrophilic) and another for donating(nucleophilic)),is applied to the reaction of a set of indoles with 4,6-dinitrobenzofuroxan.The global analysis indicates that the prevalent electron transfer mechanism in the reaction is a nucleophilic one on the indoles,i.e.,the indoles under consideration transfer electrons to 4,6-dinitrobenzofuroxan.Evaluating the reactivity descriptorswith exchange-correlation functionals including exact exchange(global hybrids) yields slightly better correlations than those obtained with generalized gradient-approximated functionals;however,the trends are preserved.Comparing the trend obtained with the number of electrons donated by the indoles,and predicted by the partitioning model,with that observed experimentally based on the measured rate constants,we propose that the number of electrons transferred through this channel can be used as a nucleophilicity scale to order the reactivity of indoles towards 4,6-dinitrobenzofuroxan.This approach to obtain reactivity scales has the advantage of depending on the intrinsic properties of the two reacting species;therefore,it opens the possibility that the same group of molecules may show different reactivity trends depending on the species with which they are reacting.The local model allows systematic incorporation of the reactive atoms based on the their decreasing condensed Fukui functions,and the correlations obtained by increasing the number of reactive atoms participating in the local analysis of the transferred nucleophilic charge improve,reaching an optimal correlation,which in the present case indicates keeping three atoms from the indoles and two from 4,6-dinitrobenzofuroxan.The atoms selected by this procedure provide valuable information about the local reactivity of the indoles.We further show that this information about the most reactive atoms on each reactant,combined with the spatial distribution of the nucleophilic and electrophilic Fukui functions of both reactants,allows one to propose non-trivial candidates of starting geometries for the search of the transition state structures present in these reactions. | OROZCO-VALENCIA Ulises GáZQUEZ José L. VELA Alberto | 2018 | 物理化学学报2018，34，6： | 1 |
| 4 | Thermodynamic Dual Descriptor显示文摘A new definition of the dual descriptor,namely,thethermodynamic dual descriptor,is developed within the grand canonicalpotential formalism.This new definition is formulated to describe the same △f_r(r)=β/2C[f^+(r)-f^-(r)](C>0) physical phenomenon as the original definition proposed by Morell,Grand,and Toro-Labbé(J.Phys.Chem.A2005,109,205),which is characterized by a second-order response of the electron density towards an electron flux.To formulate the new definition,we performed two successive partial derivatives of the average electron density,one with respect to the average number of electrons,and the other with respect to the chemical potential of the electron reservoir.When the derivative is expressed in terms of the three-state ensemble model,in the regime of low temperatures up to temperatures of chemical interest,one finds that the thermodynamic dual descriptor can be expressed as?f_T(r)=(β/2)C[f^+(r)-f^-(r)],whereβ=1/k_BT,Cis a global quantity that depends on the temperature and global electronic properties of the molecule(the first ionization potential and the electron affinity),C=1 for systems with zero fractional charge,and C=C_ω>0(albeit very close to zero)for systems with nonzero fractional charge,,and f^+(r)and f^-(r)are the nucleophilic and electrophilic Fukui functions,respectively.The quantity within the square brackets is the original definition of the dual descriptor.As the local terms(the ones containing regioselectivity information)are equal to those of the dual descriptor,?f_T(r)has the same regioselectivity information,multiplied by the global quantity(β/2)C.This implies that the regioselectivity information contained in the original dual descriptor is preserved at all temperatures different from zero,and for any value of C>0.One of the most important features of this new definition is that it avoidsthe undesired Dirac delta behavior observed when the second order partial derivative of the average density is taken with respect to the average number of electrons,using the exact density dependence of the average number of electrons. | FRANCO-PéREZ Marco GáZQUEZ José L. AYERS Paul W. VELA Alberto | 2018 | 物理化学学报2018，34，6： | 0 |
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