| 1 | 我们能从25年的“公众理解科学”调查研究中学到什么?不断解放和拓展议程显示文摘本文回顾了最近1/4个世纪以来公众理解科学(public understanding of science,以下简称PUS)研究中的关键问题。我们通过对科学素质、公众理解科学、科学与社会三个范式演变的回溯,展现了讨论是怎样随着大型的公众认知调查而发生变化的。正如“部落身份”的标记一样,此处的称谓变化值得重视。每个范式构造问题的方式不同,摆出了其特有的问题,提供了首选的解决途径,并且在修辞上表现出是对前一范式的“进步”。我们认为:“缺失概念”的争论反映了对专家们常识概念的合理批评,但是却把争论的问题与方法方案混为一谈。 | 马丁·W·鲍尔(Martin W.Bauer) 尼克·阿勒姆(Nick Allum) 史蒂夫·米勒(Steve Miller) 胡俊平(译) 石顺科(校) | 2009 | 科普研究2009，4，3： | 3 |
| 3 | Unlocking antitumor immunity with adenosine receptorblockers显示文摘Tumors survive by creating a tumor microenvironment(TME)that suppresses antitumor immunity.The TME suppresses the immune system by limiting antigen presentation,inhibiting lymphocyte and natural killer(NK)cell activation,and facilitating T cell exhaustion.Checkpoint inhibitors like anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA4 are immunostimulatory antibodies,and their blockade extends the survival of some but not all cancer patients.Extracellular adenosine triphosphate(ATP)is abundant in inflamed tumors,and its metabolite,adenosine(ADO),is a driver of immunosuppression mediated by adenosine A2A receptors(A2AR)and adenosine A2B receptors(A2BR)found on tumor-associated lymphoid and myeloid cells.This review will focus on adenosine as a key checkpoint inhibitor-like immunosuppressive player in the TME and how reducing adenosine production or blocking A2AR and A2BR enhances antitumor immunity. | Victoria A.Remley Joel Linden Todd W.Bauer Julien Dimastromatteo | 2023 | Cancer Drug Resistance2023，6，4： | 0 |
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