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| 1 | Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the rectum: An update and implications for treatment显示文摘AIM: To provide an update on the aetiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, staging and management of rectal squamous cell carcinoma(SCC).METHODS: A systematic review was conducted according to the preferred reporting items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A comprehensive search of Ovid MEDLINE was performed with the reference list of selected articles reviewed to ensure all relevant publications were captured. The search strategy was limited to the English language, spanning from 1946 to 2015. A qualitative analysis was undertaken examining patient demographics, clinical presentation, diagnosis, staging, treatment and outcome. The quantitaive analysis was limited to data extracted on treatment and outcomes including radiological, clinical and pathological complete response where available. The narrative and quantitative review were synthesised in concert.RESULTS: The search identified 487 articles in total with 79 included in the qualitative review. The quantitative analysis involved 63 articles, consisting of 43 case reports and 20 case series with a total of 142 individual cases. The underlying pathogenesis of rectal SCC while unclear, continues to be defined, with increasing evidence of a metaplasia-dysplasia-carcinoma sequence and a possible role for human papilloma virus in this progression. The presentation is similar to rectal adenocarcinoma, with a diagnosis confirmed by endoscopic biopsy. Many presumed rectal SCC's are in fact an extension of an anal SCC, and cytokeratin markers are a useful adjunct in this distinction. Staging is most accurately reflected by the tumour-nodemetastasis classification for rectal adenocarcinoma. It involves examining locoregional disease by way of magnetic resonance imaging and/or endorectal ultrasound, with systemic spread excluded by way of computed tomography. Positron emission tomography is integral in the workup to exclude an external siteof primary SCC with metastasis to the rectum. While the optimal treatment remains as yet undefined, recent studies have demonstrated a global shift away from surgery towards definitive chemoradiotherapy as primary treatment. Pooled overall survival was calculated to be 86% in patients managed with chemoradiation compared with 48% for those treated traditionally with surgery. Furthermore, local recurrence and metastatic rates were 25% vs 10% and 30% vs 13% for the chemoradiation vs conventional treatment cohorts.CONCLUSION: The changing paradigm in the treatment of rectal SCC holds great promise for improved outcomes in this rare disease. | Glen R Guerra Cherng H Kong Satish K Warrier Andrew C Lynch Alexander G Heriot Samuel Y Ngan | 2016 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2016，8，3： | 5 |
| 2 | Control of interfaces in Al-C fibre composites显示文摘 | WARRIER S G BLUE C A LIN R Y | 1993 | Journal of Materials Science1993，28，3： | 1 |
| 3 | Deficits in au-ditory brainstem pathway encoding of speech sounds in chil-dren with learning problems显示文摘 | KING C WARRIER C M HAYES E | 2002 | Neurosci Lett2002，319，2： | 1 |
| 4 | Characterization of autoantibodiesagainst the platelet glycoprotein antigens lib/Ilia in childpurpura显示文摘 | Taub JW Warrier I Holtkamp C | 1995 | Am Br J Haematol1995，48，2： | 1 |
| 5 | Control of interfaces in A1-C fibre composites显示文摘 | Warrier S G Blue C A Lin R Y | 1993 | J Mater Sci1993，28，3： | 1 |
| 6 | Infiltration of Titanium Alloy- Matrix Composites显示文摘 | Warrier S G Blue C A Lin R Y | 1993 | J Mater Sci Lett1993，12，： | 1 |
| 7 | 显示文摘 | Radhakrishnan C Lo M K F Warrier M V | 2006 | Langmuir2006，22，： | 1 |
| 8 | High temperature stabilization of pores in sol-gel titania in presence of silica显示文摘 | WARRIER K G K RAJESH Kumar S SIBU C P | 2001 | J Porous Mater2001，8，4： | 1 |
| 9 | Photoeatalvtic reduction of an azide-terminated self- assembled monolayer using CdS quantum dots显示文摘 | RADHAKRISHNAN C LO M K F WARRIER M V | 2006 | Lang- muir2006，22，11： | 1 |
| 10 | Deficits in auditory brainstem pathway encoding of speech sounds in children with learning problems显示文摘 | King C Warrier C Hayes E | 2002 | NeurosciLett2002，319，： | 1 |
| 11 | Effects of amifostine on clonogenic mesenchymal progenitors and hematopoietic progenitors exposed to radiation 显示文摘 | RAMDAS J WARRIER R P SCHER C | 2003 | J Pediatr Hematol Oncol2003，25，： | 1 |
| 12 | Right temporal cortex is critical for utilization of melodic contextual cues in a pitch constancy task 显示文摘 | Warrier C Zatorre R | 2004 | Brain2004，127，： | 1 |
| 13 | Characterization of autoantibodies against the platelet glycoprotein antigens Ⅱb/Ⅲ a in childhood idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura显示文摘 | Taub JW Warrier I Holtkamp C | 1995 | Am J Hematol1995，48，2： | 1 |
| 14 | Deficits in auditory brainstem pathway encoding of speech sounds in children with learning probiems显示文摘 | KING C WARRIER C HAYES E | 2002 | Neurosci Lett2002，319，： | 1 |
| 15 | Biological function and distribution of human interleukin-12 receptor β chain显示文摘 | Wu C Y Warrier R R Carvajal D M | 1996 | Eur J Immunol1996，26，： | 1 |
| 16 | Synthesis of thermally stable, high surface area anatase-alumina mixed oxides 显示文摘 | Kumar S Rajesh Pillai Suresh C Hareesh U S Mukun- dan P Warrier K G K | 2000 | Materials Letters2000，43，5： | 1 |
| 17 | The role of monocarboxylatetransporters in uptake of lactic acid in HeLa cells显示文摘 | Cheeti S Warrier B K Lee C H | 2006 | Int JPharm2006，325，12： | 1 |
| 18 | Relating structure to function:Heschl' s gyrus and acoustic processing 显示文摘 | Warrier C Wong P Penhune V | 2009 | J Neu- rosci2009，29，： | 1 |
| 19 | Cyclosporin A Therapy of Immune-Mediated Thrombocytopenia in Children显示文摘 | Schultz KR Strahlendorf C Warrier I | 1995 | Correspondence1995，85，5： | 1 |
| 20 | Raman mode random lasing in ZnS--carotene random gain media显示文摘 | J Bingi A R Warrier Vijayan C | 2013 | Appl Phys Lett2013，102，22： | 1 |
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