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| 1 | Abdominal ultrasonography of the pediatric gastrointestinal tract显示文摘Ultrasound is an invaluable imaging modality in the evaluation of pediatric gastrointestinal pathology; it can provide real-time evaluation of the bowel without the need for sedation or intravenous contrast. Recent improvements in ultrasound technique can be utilized to improve detection of bowel pathology in children: Higher resolution probes, color Doppler, harmonic and panoramic imaging are excellent tools in this setting. Graded compression and cine clips provide dynamic information and oral and intravenous contrast agents aid in detection of bowel wall pathology. Ultrasound of the bowel in children is typically a targeted exam; common indications include evaluation for appendicitis, pyloric stenosis and intussusception. Bowel abnormalities that are detected prenatally can be evaluated after birth with ultrasound. Likewise, acquired conditions such as bowel hematoma, bowel infections and hernias can be detected with ultrasound. Rare bowel neoplasms, vascular disorders and foreign bodies may first be detected with sonography, as well. At some centers, comprehensive exams of the gastrointestinal tract are performed on children with inflammatory bowel disease and celiac disease to evaluate for disease activity or to confirm the diagnosis. The goal of this article is to review up-to-date imaging techniques, normal sonographic anatomy, and characteristic sonographic features of common and uncommon disorders affecting the gastrointestinal tract in children. | Heather I Gale Michael S Gee Sjirk J Westra Katherine Nimkin | 2016 | World Journal of Radiology2016，8，7： | 3 |
| 2 | Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy in the United States显示文摘 | Moore SA Shilling CJ Westra S | 2006 | Neuropathol Exp Neurol2006，65，10： | 1 |
| 3 | Increase in IL-21 producing T-cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus显示文摘 | Dolff S Abdulahad WH Westra J | 2011 | Arthritis Res Ther2011，13，5： | 1 |
| 4 | Gene promter hypermethylation in tumors and lymph nodes of stage Ⅰ lung cancer patients显示文摘 | Harden S V Tokumaru Y Westra W H | 2003 | Clin Cancer Res2003，9，4： | 1 |
| 5 | HPV-associated head and neck cancer:a virus-related cancer epidemic 显示文摘 | Marur S D'Souza G Westra WH | 2010 | Lancet Oncol2010，11，8： | 1 |
| 6 | Future changes to the intensity and frequency of short duration extreme rainfall显示文摘 | WESTRA S FOWLER H J EVANS J P | 2014 | Reviews of Geophysics2014，52，3： | 1 |
| 7 | Classification and genesis of stockwork molybdenum deposits显示文摘 | Westra G Keith S B | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 8 | Ectopic lingual thyroid masquerading as thyroid cancer metastases显示文摘 | Basaria S Westra WH Cooper DS | 2001 | J Clin Endocrinol Metab2001，86，1： | 1 |
| 9 | Human teloaerate reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene expression in thyroid neoplasms显示文摘 | Sali M Xydas S Westra WH | 1999 | Clin Cancer Res1999，5，6： | 1 |
| 10 | Classification and genesis of stockwork molybdenum deposits显示文摘 | Westra G Keith S B | 1981 | Econ Geol1981，76，： | 1 |
| 11 | Improved survival of pa tients with human papillomavirus-positive head and neck squa- mous cell carcinoma in a prospective clinical tria显示文摘 | Fakhry C Westra WH Li S | 2008 | J Natl Cancer Inst2008，100，4： | 1 |
| 12 | Gene promoter hy- permethylation in tumors and lymph nodes of stage I lung cancer patients 显示文摘 | Harden S V Tokumaru Y Westra W H | 2003 | Clnical cancer research2003，9，4： | 1 |
| 13 | HPV-associated head and neck cancer: a virus-related cancer epidemic显示文摘 | Marur S D' Souza G Westra WH | 2010 | Lancet On- col2010，11，8： | 1 |
| 14 | HPV-associated head and neck cancer: a virus-related cancer epidemic 显示文摘 | Marar S D'Souza G Westra WH | 2010 | Lancet Oncol2010，1，8： | 1 |
| 15 | Telomerase activity in the differential diagnosis of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid显示文摘 | William H Westra | 1997 | Surgery1997，122，： | 1 |
| 16 | HPV- associated head and neck cancer: a virus- related cancer epidemic显示文摘 | Marur S D'Souza G Westra WH | 2010 | Lancet Oncol2010，11，8： | 1 |
| 17 | Gene promoter hypermethylation in tumors and lymph nodes of stage Ⅰ lung cancer patients 显示文摘 | HARDEN S V TOKUMARU Y WESTRA W H | 2003 | Clin Cancer Res2003，9，4： | 1 |
| 18 | AMADS Increases the Efficacy of Glyphosate Formulations on Corn显示文摘 | SHANER D L WESTRA P NISSEN S | 2006 | Weed Technol2006，20，： | 1 |
| 19 | Human telomerase reverse transcriptase(hTERT) gene expression in thyroid neoplasms显示文摘 | Saji M Xydas S Westra WH | 1999 | Clin Cancer Res1999，5，： | 1 |
| 20 | HPV-associated head and neck cancer:a virus-related cancerepidemic显示文摘 | Marur S D'Souza G Westra WH | | 0，，08： | 1 |
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