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| 1 | Hepatitis B and C virus-induced hepatitis: Apoptosis, autophagy, and unfolded protein response显示文摘AIM: To investigate the co-incidence of apoptosis, autophagy, and unfolded protein response(UPR) in hepatitis B(HBV) and C(HCV) infected hepatocytes.METHODS: We performed immunofluorescence confocal microscopy on 10 liver biopsies from HBV and HCV patients and tissue microarrays of HBV positive liver samples. We used specific antibodies for LC3β, cleaved caspase-3, BIP(GRP78), and XBP1 to detect autophagy, apoptosis and UPR, respectively. AntiHCV NS3 and anti-HBs antibodies were also used to confirm infection. We performed triple blind counting of events to determine the co-incidence of autophagy(LC3β punctuate), apoptosis(cleaved caspase-3), and unfolded protein response(GRP78) with HBV and HCV infection in hepatocytes. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software for Windows(Version 16 SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, United States). P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Statistical analyses were performed with Mann-Whitney test to compare incidence rates for autophagy, apoptosis, and UPR in HBV- and HCV-infected cells and adjacent noninfected cells.RESULTS: Our results showed that infection of hepatocytes with either HBV and HCV induces significant increase(P < 0.001) in apoptosis(cleavage of caspase-3), autophagy(LC3β punctate), and UPR(increase in GRP78 expression) in the HCV- and HBVinfected cells, as compared to non-infected cells of the same biopsy sections. Our tissue microarray immunohistochemical expression analysis of LC3β in HBV^(Neg) and HBV^(Pos) revealed that majority of HBVinfected hepatocytes display strong positive stainingfor LC3β. Interestingly, although XBP splicing in HBVinfected cells was significantly higher(P < 0.05), our analyses show a slight increase of XBP splicing was in HCV-infected cells(P > 0.05). Furthermore, our evaluation of patients with HBV and HCV infection based on stage and grade of the liver diseases revealed no correlation between these pathological findings and induction of apoptosis, autophagy, and UPR.CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that HCV and HBV infection activates apoptosis, autophagy and UPR, but slightly differently by each virus. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the interconnections between these pathways in relation to pathology of HCV and HBV in the liver tissue. | Behzad Yeganeh Adel Rezaei Moghadam Javad Alizadeh Emilia Wiechec Seyed Moayed Alavian Mohammad Hashemi Bita Geramizadeh Afshin Samali Kamran Bagheri Lankarani Martin Post Payam Peymani Kevin M Coombs Saeid Ghavami | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，47： | 13 |
| 2 | Ultrasensitive detection of human liver hepatocellular carcinoma cells using a label- free aptasensor显示文摘 | Kashefi-Kheyrabadi L Mehrgardi M A Wiechec E | 2014 | Anal Chem2014，86，10： | 1 |
| 3 | Cancer stem cell markers in common cancers-therapeutic im- plications显示文摘 | KLONISCH T WIECHEC E HOMBACH-KLONISCH S | 2008 | Trends Mol Med2008，14，10： | 1 |
| 4 | Cancer stem cell markers in common cancers therapeutic implications显示文摘 | Klonisch T Wiechec E Hombach Klonisch S | 2008 | Trends Mol Med2008，14，10： | 1 |
| 5 | Radiofrequency ablation for selective reduction in complex monochorionic pregnancies显示文摘 | Paramasivam G Wimalasundera R Wiechec M | 2010 | B JOG2010，117，10： | 1 |
| 6 | Cancer stem cell markers in common cancers-therapeutic implications显示文摘 | Klonisch T Wiechec E Hombach-Klonisch S | | 0，，10： | 1 |
| 7 | Targeting the mevalonate cascade asa new therapeutic approach in heartdisease,cancer and pulmonary disease显示文摘 | Yeganeh B Wiechec E Ande SR etal | 2014 | Pharmacol Ther2014，143，1： | 1 |
| 8 | Targeting the mevalonate cascade as a new therapeutic approach in heart disease, cancer and pulmonary disease显示文摘 | Yeganeh B Wiechec E Ande SR | 2014 | Pharmacol Ther2014，143，： | 1 |
| 9 | Radiofrequency ablation for selective reduction incomplex monochorionic pregnancies显示文摘 | Paramasivam G Wimalasundera R Wiechec M etal | 2010 | BJOG2010，117，10： | 1 |
| 10 | Cancer stem cell markers in common cancers--therapeutic implications显示文摘 | Klonisch T Wiechec E Hombach-Klonisch S | 2008 | Trends Mol Med2008，14，10： | 1 |
| 11 | Radiofrequency ablation for selective reduction in complex monochorionic pregnancies 显示文摘 | Paramasivam G Wimalasundera R Wiechec M | 2010 | B JOG2010，117，： | 1 |
| 12 | Unscheduled Akt-triggered activation of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 as a key effector mechanism of apoptin's anticancer toxicity显示文摘 | Maddika S Panigrahi S Wiechec E | 2009 | Mol Cell Biol2009，29，5： | 1 |
| 13 | Radiofrequency ablation for selective reduction in complex monochorionic pregnancies显示文摘 | Paramasivam G Wimalasundera R Wiechec M | 2010 | BJOG2010，117，： | 1 |
| 14 | Targeting the mevalonate cascade as a new therapeutic approach in heart disease,cancer and pulmonary disease显示文摘 | Yeganeh B Wiechec E Ande SR | 2014 | Pharmacol Ther2014，143，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Unscheduled Akt- triggered activation of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 as a key effector mechanism of apoptin' s anticancer toxicity显示文摘 | Maddika S Panigrahi S Wiechec E | 2009 | Mol CellBiol2009，29，5： | 1 |
| 16 | Radiofrequency ablation for selective reduction in complexmonochorionic pregnancies显示文摘 | Paramasivam G Wimalasundera R Wiechec M | 2010 | BJOG2010，117，10： | 1 |
| 17 | Radiofrequency ablation for selective reduction in complex monochorionic pregnancies显示文摘 | Paramasivam G Wimalasundera R Wiechec M | 2010 | B JOG2010，117，10： | 1 |
| 18 | Cancer stem cells as targets for cancer therapy, selected cancers as exampies显示文摘 | Hombach-Klonisch S Paranjothy T Wiechec E | 2008 | Arch Immunol Ther Exp2008，56，3： | 1 |
| 19 | Implications of genomic instabili- ty in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer 显示文摘 | Wiechec E | 2011 | Expert Rev Mol Diagn2011，11，4： | 1 |
| 20 | Radiofre- queney ablation for selective reduction in complex monoehorion- ic pregnancies显示文摘 | Paramasivam G Wimalasundera R Wiechec M | 2010 | BJOG2010，117，10： | 1 |
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