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| 1 | Design of 16S rRNA gene primers for 454 pyrosequencing of the human foregut microbiome显示文摘AIM:To design and validate broad-range 16S rRNA primers for use in high throughput sequencing to classify bacteria isolated from the human foregut microbiome.METHODS:A foregut microbiome dataset was constructed using 16S rRNA gene sequences obtained from oral,esophageal,and gastric microbiomes produced by Sanger sequencing in previous studies represented by 219 bacterial species.Candidate primers evaluated were from the European rRNA database.To assess the effect of sequence length on accuracy of classification,16S rRNA genes of various lengths were created by trimming the full length sequences.Sequences spanning various hypervariable regions were selected to simulate the amplicons that would be obtained using possible primer pairs.The sequences were compared with full length 16S rRNA genes for accuracy in taxonomic classification using online software at the Ribosomal Database Project (RDP).The universality of the primer set was evaluated using the RDP 16S rRNA database which is comprised of 433 306 16S rRNA genes,represented by 36 phyla.RESULTS:Truncation to 100 nucleotides(nt)downstream from the position corresponding to base 28 in the Escherichia coli 16S rRNA gene caused misclassification of 87(39.7%)of the 219 sequences,compared with misclassification of only 29(13.2%)sequences with truncation to 350 nt.Among 350-nt sequence reads within various regions of the 16S rRNA gene,the reverse read of an amplicon generated using the 343F/798R primers had the least(8.2%)effect on classification.In comparison,truncation to 900 nt mimicking single pass Sanger reads misclassified 5.0%of the 219 sequences.The 343F/798R amplicon accurately assigned 91.8%of the 219 sequences at the species level.Weighted by abundance of the species in the esophageal dataset,the 343F/798R amplicon yielded similar classification accuracy without a significant loss in species coverage(92%).Modification of the 343F/798R primers to 347F/803R increased their universality among foregut species.Assuming that a typicalpolymerase chain reaction can tolerate 2 mismatches between a primer and a template,the modified 347F and 803R primers should be able to anneal 98%and 99.6%of all 16S rRNA genes in the RDP database.CONCLUSION:347F/803R is the most suitable pair of primers for classification of foregut 16S rRNA genes but also possess universality suitable for analyses of other complex microbiomes. | Carlos W Nossa William E Oberdorf Jφrn A Aas Bruce J Paster Todd Z DeSantis Eoin L Brodie Daniel Malamud Michael A Poles Zhiheng Pei | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，33： | 16 |
| 2 | 健康领域的文化能力显示文摘1背景
尽管人类对其他社会的兴趣纵贯历史的各个阶段,但是检验不同文化概念对人类健康实践的影响从20世纪才开始,当时是伴随着长期的人类学田野调查产生的,这些田野调查揭露了不同文化之间相关卫生实践的多样性、复杂性和连续性。 | Napier A D Ancarno C Butler B Calabrese j Chater A Chatterjee H Guesnet F Home R Jacyna S Jadhav S Macdonald A Neuendorf U Parkhurst A Reynolds R Scambler G Shamdasani S Smith S Z Stougaard-Nielsen J Thomson L Tyler N Volkmann A M Walker T Watson J Williams AC Willott C Wilson J Woolf K | 2016 | 中国卫生政策研究2016，9，2： | 5 |
| 3 | Differentiation renders susceptibility to excitotoxicity in HT22 neurons显示文摘HT22 is an immortalized mouse hippocampal neuronal cell line that does not express cholinergic and glutamate receptors like mature hippocampal neurons in vivo.This in part prevents its use as a model for mature hippocampal neurons in memory-related studies.We now report that HT22 cells were appropriately induced to differentiate and possess properties similar to those of mature hippocampal neurons in vivo,such as becoming more glutamate-receptive and excitatory.Results showed that sensitivity of HT22 cells to glutamate-induced toxicity changed dramatically when comparing undifferentiated with differentiated cells,with the half-effective concentration for differentiated cells reducing approximately two orders of magnitude.Moreover,glutamate-induced toxicity in differentiated cells,but not undifferentiated cells,was inhibited by the N-methyl-Daspartate receptor antagonists MK-801 and memantine.Evidently,differentiated HT22 cells expressed N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors,while undifferentiated cells did not.Our experimental findings indicated that differentiation is important for immortalized cell lines to render post-mitotic neuronal properties,and that differentiated HT22 neurons represent a better model of hippocampal neurons than undifferentiated cells. | Minchao He Jun Liu haowu Cheng Yigang Xing William Z Suo | 2013 | Neural Regeneration Research2013，8，14： | 3 |
| 4 | Terahertz Semiconductor Quantum Well Devices显示文摘For eventually providing terahertz science with compact and convenient devices,terahertz (1~10THz) quantum-well photodetectors and quantum-cascade lasers are investigated.The design and projected detector performance are presented together with experimental results for several test devices,all working at photon energies below and around optical phonons.Background limited infrared performance (BLIP) operations are observed for all samples (three in total),designed for different wavelengths.BLIP temperatures of 17,13,and 12K are achieved for peak detection frequencies of 9.7THz(31μm),5.4THz(56μm),and 3.2THz(93μm),respectively.A set of THz quantum-cascade lasers with identical device parameters except for doping concentration is studied.The δ-doping density for each period varies from 3.2×1010 to 4.8×1010cm-2.We observe that the lasing threshold current density increases monotonically with doping concentration.Moreover,the measurements for devices with different cavity lengths provide evidence that the free carrier absorption causes the waveguide loss also to increase monotonically.Interestingly the observed maximum lasing temperature is best at a doping density of 3.6×1010cm-2. | Liu H C Luo H Ban D Waichter M Song C Y Wasilewski Z R Buchanan M Aers G C SpringThorpe A J Cao J C Feng S L Williams B S Hu Q | 2006 | Journal of Semiconductors2006，27，4： | 2 |
| 5 | 文化、不平等性与卫生服务提供显示文摘1动态不平等性对基层医疗卫生人力的影响
政治、社会、文化、专业群体皆建立在一致且常规的人类行为之上。当遭受巨大变革和内外压力时,这些群体会变得十分脆弱。尤其在动荡时期,这些群体往往更关注社会和文化的差异性,而非二者的一致性。尽管社会中的个体思维和行为会呈现较大的差异,但对健康的感知具有统一性,并在更广范围人群内尤为突出,这主要归因于文化价值观的作用。广义的文化心态会随着时间和地理位置的不同而不同,就像健康的社会决定因素也会因文化类型的不同而产生差异。 | Napier A D Ancarno C Butler B Calabrese J Chater A Chatterjee H Guesnet F Horne R Jacyna S Jadhav S Macdonald A Neuendorf U Parkhurst A Reynolds R Scambler G Shamdasani S Smith S Z Stougaard-Nielsen J Thomson L Tyler N Volkmann A M Walker T Watson J Williams A C Willott C Wilson J Woolf K | 2016 | 中国卫生政策研究2016，9，3： | 2 |
| 6 | Cytokine gene polymorphisms moderate illness severity in infants with respiratory syncytial virus infection显示文摘 | Deborah AG William JD Adriana Z | 2003 | Hum Immunol2003，64，3： | 1 |
| 7 | Dynamic stress concentrations for an axially loaded strut at discontinuities due to an elliptical hole or double circular notches显示文摘 | WILLIAM A NADER Z WALTER N | 2004 | International Journal of Impact Engineering2004，30，3： | 1 |
| 8 | Roflumi last, an oral, oncedaily phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, attenu- ates allergen induced asthmatic reactions显示文摘 | Van Schalkwyk E Strydom K Williams Z | 2005 | J Allergy Clin Immunol2005，116，2： | 1 |
| 9 | High diversity andwidespread occurrence of mitotic spore mats in ectomycorrhizalPezizales显示文摘 | Healy R A Smith M E Bonito G M Pfister D H Ge Z W Guevara G G ’ Williams G Stafford K Kumar L Lee T HobartC Trappe J Vilgalys R McLaughlin D J | 2013 | Molecular Ecology2013，22，： | 1 |
| 10 | 医疗卫生保健文化的反思及促进健康与文化融合的建议显示文摘1医疗卫生保健文化的反思1.1健康文化与医学知识如果医务人员有充足的时间对患者进行诊断并帮助患者进行社区护理,就可在节省卫生费用的同时改善健康结果。整合型社区护理能缩小不同文化背景和群体健康需求的差异。然而,全球范围内对整合型社区护理的投入较少,原因之一就是20世纪对临床服务的重视弱化了卫生服务提供过程中的同情心理。当然,患者也对医学知识存在显性和隐性的影响(特别是当其因不遵医嘱而受到指责时)。 | Napier A D Ancarno C Butler B Calabrese J Chater A Chatterjee H Guesnet F Horne R Jacyna S Jadhav S Macdonald A Neuendorf U Parkhurst A Reynolds R Scambler G Shamdasani S Smith S Z Stougaard-Nielsen J Thomson L Tyler N Volkmann A M Walker T Watson J Williams A C Willott C Wilson JWoolf K | 2016 | 中国卫生政策研究2016，9，4： | 1 |
| 11 | Methods for the synthesis of large crystals of silicate zeolites 显示文摘 | Lethbridge Z A D Williams J J Walton R I | 2005 | Microporous and Mesoporous Materials2005，79，13： | 1 |
| 12 | The Dealh Receptor 3-TNF- like protein I A pathway drives adverse hone pathology in inflammato- ry arthritis显示文摘 | Ball MJ Williams AS Meeklenhurgh Z et at | 2008 | J Exp Med2008，205，11： | 1 |
| 13 | Sedimentation of tannery wastewater显示文摘 | SONG Z WILLIAMS C J EDYVEAN R | 2000 | Water research2000，34，： | 1 |
| 14 | A cytopathological investigation of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus显示文摘 | WILLIAMS G V ROHEL D Z KUZIO J | 1989 | Gen Virol1989，70，： | 1 |
| 15 | High altitude sludge composting显示文摘 | William H S Margolis Z P Janonis B A | 1992 | Biocycle1992，8，： | 1 |
| 16 | Search for critical slip surface based on finite element method显示文摘 | ZOU J Z WILLIAMS D J | 1995 | Canadian Geotechnical Journal1995，32，1： | 1 |
| 17 | Supply chain security:an overview and research agenda显示文摘 | Williams Z Lueg J E LeMay S A | 2008 | International Journal of Logistics Management2008，19，2： | 1 |
| 18 | Is a Griffiths phase a prerequisite for colossal magnetoresistance? 显示文摘 | JIANG W J ZHOU X Z WILLIAMS G | 2007 | Phys Rev Lett2007，99，17： | 1 |
| 19 | Epinephrine induces PDK4 mRNA expression in adipose tissue from obese, insulin re- sistant rats显示文摘 | Wan Z Frier BC Williams DB | 2012 | Obesity (Silver Spring)2012，20，2： | 1 |
| 20 | Hydrogen isotope fraetionation during water uptake by woody xerophytes显示文摘 | Ellsworth P Z Williams D G | 2007 | Plant Soil2007，291，： | 1 |
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