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| 1 | Preliminary investigation on the antibacterial activity of mango(Mangifera indica L:Anacardiaceae) seed kernel显示文摘Objective:To evaluate the antibacterial activity of the methanolic extract of mango(Mangifera indica L) seed kernel.Methods:Chokanan mango seed kernel and seed kernels from assorted mango varieties were collected,cleaned,dried and powered.Crude methanolic extracts of mango seed kernel were analyzed for the phytochemical constituents.The free radical scavenging activity was determined by 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) assay.Antibacterial activity was evaluated by disc diffusion assay with three medically important bacterial pathogens such as methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)(MRSA),Escherichia coli(E.coli) and Vibrio vulnificus(V.vulnificus).Results:Qualitative phytochemical analysis indicated the presence of important phytochemical compounds such as glycosides,saponins,flavanoids, tannins and alkaloids.There was no significant difference in the phytochemical content between the single and assorted mango seed kernels.However,the free radical scavenging study indicated that the assorted mango kernels showed slighdy higher activity than the single species(P<0.05). The crude methanolic extract of mango seed kernel at a concentration of 100 mg/mL is found to have potential antimicrobial activity against MRSA and E.coli compared to V.vulnificus. Study on the antibacterial activity also indicated that there was no significant difference in the antibacterial activity of the single and assorted mango seed kernel extracts.Conclusions:The present study conclusively demonstrates the free radical scavenging activity and antibacterial activities of mango seed kernel.In addition,the results also indicated that there is no significant difference in the phytochemical content and biological activity of mango kernels from single and assorted mango varieties. | Jasminder Kaur Xavier Rathinam Marimuthu Kasi Khoo Miew Leng Rajasekaran Ayyalu Kathiresan S Sreeramanan Subramaniam | 2010 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine2010，3，9： | 11 |
| 2 | A comparative study on the antioxidant activity of methanolic leaf extracts of Ficus religiosa L,Chromolaena odorata(L.) King & Rabinson,Cynodon dactylon(L.) Pers.and Tridax procumbens L.显示文摘Objective:To compare the antioxidative effects of the methanolic leaf extracts of Ficus religiosa (F.religiosa),Chromolaena odorata(C.odorata),Cynodon dactylon(C.dactylon) and Trida,x procumbens(T.procumbens) as well as the contents of antioxidants in the extracts.Methods: Total phenol and total flavanoid contents were measured according to the standard procedures. The total antioxidant capacity was determined using the phosphomolybdenum method.Reducing power was determined by the potassium ferrieyanide reducing method.The free radical scavenging activity was measured by 2,2’-Diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) assay.Results: Quantitative phytochemical analysis of total phenol content showed that C.odorata had the highest content of phenolic compounds significantly followed by F.religiosa,T.procumbens and C.dactylon.As for the total flavanoids content,F.religiosa had the highest content,followed by C.odorata,T.procumbens and C.daxtylon.Study on the total antioxidant capacity revealed that F.religiosa,C.dactylon and C.odorata showed higher total antioxidant capacity.T.procumbens showed the lowest capacity.Meanwhile,T.procumbens and C.odorata have the highest reducing power activity followed by F.religiosa and C.dactylon.The results of DPPH radical scavenging activity indicated that T.procumbens induced the largest elevation as the concentration of its extract increased,followed by C.odorata and F.religiosa and C.dactylon.Conclusions:The present study demonstrates the antioxidative capacity of all the four plant species.Of all the plants,C.odorata,a perennial weed plant showed potentially a high antioxidant activity,with higher phenolic and flavonoids contents.The data suggest that C.odorata can be best utilized in developing bioantioxidants. | Melinda Krishanti P Xavier Rathinam Marimuthu Kasi Diwakar Ayyalu Ramanathan Surash Kathiresan Sadasivam Sreeramanan Subramaniam | 2010 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine2010，3，5： | 6 |
| 3 | Isolation and identification of Salmonella from curry samples and its sensitivity to commercial antibiotics and aqueous extracts of Camelia sinensis(L.) and Trachyspermum ammi(L.)显示文摘Objective:To isolate Salmonella from curry samples and to evaluate the drug sensitivity of the food-borne Salmonella and its susceptibility to specific plant extracts.Methods:Salmonella was isolated from the curry samples by standard microbiological methods and was confirmed by biochemical tests.The antibiotic susceptibility test was conducted by disc diffusion method using commercially available antibiotics such as ampicillin,tetracycline,chloramphenicol,kanamycin,and penicillin.In addition,the susceptibility of the food-borne Salmonella was also evaluated against the aqueous extracts of Camelia sinensis(L.) Theaceae(tea leaves) and the Trachyspermum ammi(L.) Apiaceae(ajwain or omum seeds).Results:Out of fifty curry samples,only seven samples were identified to have Salmonella contamination.The Salmonella isolates showed a significant drug resistance pattern except for kanamycin.The plant extracts showed a considerable antibacterial activity against the isolates,indicating the presence of antimicrobial principle which can be exploited after complete pharmacological investigations.Conclusions:The present study demonstrates the occurrence of Salmonella in the curry samples,and shows significant drug resistance against most of the commercially available antibiotics,except kanamycin.Antimicrobial effect of the plant extracts against the food-bone Salmonella suggests that dietary including medicinal herbs would be one strategy to manage food borne pathogens. | Thanes Gunasegaran Xavier Rathinam Marimuthu Kasi Kathiresan Sathasivam Sasidharan Sreenivasan Sreeramanan Subramaniam | 2011 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine2011，1，4： | 3 |
| 4 | Effect of garlic peel on growth,hematological parameters and disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila in African catfish Clarias gariepinus(Bloch) fingerlings显示文摘Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of dietary doses of garlic(Allium sativum L.) peel on the hematological and disease resistance of African catfish[Glorias gariepinus(C.gariepinus)] fingerlings against the infections caused by opportunistic bacterial pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila.Methods:Powdered garlic peel was incorporated into the diets at(0%,0.5%,1.0% and 1.5%) and fed to catfish fingerlings for 20 days.After the feeding trial,biochemical(serum total protein,albumin and globulin),hematological parameters(white blood cells and red blood cells) of the fish were examined.Fish were challenged with Aeromona hydrophila(A.hydrophila) after 20 days of post feeding and percentage mortalities were recorded up to 10 days after post challenge.Results:Enhanced serum protein,albumin and globulin in fish fed with all the dosages of garlic peel when compared to control group.Significantly highest red blood cell and white blood cell counts were recorded in garlic peel incorporated diet fed groups compared to control group.The results also demonstrate that low survival rate(55.5±11.0)%in control groups and significantly higher survival rates were recorded in all the garlic peel fed groups after challenging with A.hydrophila.However no significant impact was noticed with regard to body weight gain,specific growth rate and food conversion ratio of fish fed with different levels of garlic peel inclusion and control group.Conclusions:These results indicate that garlic peel enhances the hematological parameters even at a low level(0.5%) incorporation and makes C. gariepinus highly immunopotent and more resistant to infection by A.hydrophila. | Karthik Thanikachalam Marimuthu Kasi Xavier Rathinam | 2010 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine2010，3，8： | 1 |
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