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| 1 | Practical guidelines for diagnosis and early management of drug-induced liver injury显示文摘The spectrum of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is both diverse and complex. The fi rst step in diagnosis is a suspicion of DILI based on careful consideration of recent comprehensive reports on the disease. There are some situations in which the suspicion of DILI is particularly strong. Exclusion of other possible etiologies according to the pattern of liver injury is essential for the diagnosis. In patients with suspected DILI,diagnostic scales,such as the Councils for International Organizations of Medical Sciences/ Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method (CIOMS/ RUCAM) scale,may be helpful for the fi nal diagnosis. Early management of DILI involves prompt withdrawal of the drug suspected of being responsible,according to serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT),alkaline phosphatase (ALP),and total bilirubin (T-Bil). However,as DILI patients may show resolution of liver injury without discontinuation of the drug,it should be carefully evaluated whether the suspected drug should be discontinued immediately with adequate consideration of the importance of the medication. | Kazuto Tajiri Yukihiro Shimizu | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，44： | 57 |
| 2 | Gut microbiota and liver diseases显示文摘Several studies revealed that gut microbiota are associated with various human diseases,e.g.,metabolic diseases,allergies,gastroenterological diseases,and liver diseases.The liver can be greatly affected by changes in gut microbiota due to the entry of gut bacteria or their metabolites into the liver through the portal vein,and the liver-gut axis is important to understand the pathophysiology of several liver diseases,especially non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatic encephalopathy.Moreover,gut microbiota play a significant role in the development of alcoholic liver disease and hepatocarcinogenesis.Based on theseprevious findings,trials using probiotics have been performed for the prevention or treatment of liver diseases.In this review,we summarize the current understanding of the changes in gut microbiota associated with various liver diseases,and we describe the therapeutic trials of probiotics for those diseases. | Masami Minemura Yukihiro Shimizu | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，6： | 41 |
| 3 | Glypican-3 is a prognostic factor and an immunotherapeutic target in hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘Glypican-3(GPC3)is a cell surface oncofetal proteoglycan that is anchored by glycosylphosphatidylinositol.Whereas GPC3 is abundant in fetal liver,its expression is hardly detectable in adult liver.Importantly,GPC3is overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),and several immunohistochemical studies reported that overexpression predicts a poorer prognosis for HCC patients.Therefore,GPC3 would serve as a useful molecular marker for HCC diagnosis and also as a target for therapeutic intervention in HCC.Indeed,some immunotherapy protocols targeting GPC3 are under investigations;those include humanized anti-GPC3cytotoxic antibody,peptide vaccine and immunotoxin therapies.When considering the clinical requirements for GPC3-targeting therapy,companion diagnostics to select the appropriate HCC patients are critical,and both immunohistochemical analysis of tissue sections and measurement of serum GPC3 level have been suggested for this purpose.This review summarizes current knowledge regarding the clinical implication of GPC3detection and targeting in the management of patients with HCC. | Yukihiro Haruyama Hiroaki Kataoka | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，1： | 35 |
| 4 | T cell immunopathogenesis and immunotherapeutic strategies for chronic hepatitis B virus infection显示文摘Hepatitis B is caused by the host immune response and T cells play a major role in the immunopathogenesis. More importantly,T cells not only destroy hepatocytes infected by hepatitis B virus(HBV),but also control HBV replication or eradicate HBV in a noncytolytic manner.Therefore,analysis of T cell immune response during acute and chronic HBV infection is important to develop a strategy for successful viral control,which could lead to immunotherapy for terminating persistent HBV infection.There have been many attempts at immunotherapy for chronic HBV infection,and some have shown promising results.High viral load has been shown to suppress antiviral immune responses and immunoinhibitory signals have been recently elucidated, therefore,viral suppression by nucleos(t)ide analogs, stimulation of antiviral immune response,and suppression of the immunoinhibitory signals must be combined to achieve desirable antiviral effects. | Yukihiro Shimizu | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，20： | 29 |
| 5 | Branched-chain amino acids in liver diseases显示文摘Branched chain amino acids(BCAAs)have been shown to affect gene expression,protein metabolism,apoptosis and regeneration of hepatocytes,and insulin resistance.They have also been shown to inhibit the proliferation of liver cancer cells in vitro,and are essential for lymphocyte proliferation and dendritic cell maturation.In patients with advanced chronic liver disease,BCAA concentrations are low,whereas the concentrations of aromatic amino acids such as phenylalanine and tyrosine are high,conditions that may be closely associated with hepatic encephalopathy and the prognosis of these patients.Based on these basic observations,patients with advanced chronic liver disease have been treated clinically with BCAA-rich medicines,with positive effects. | Kazuto Tajiri Yukihiro Shimizu | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，43： | 16 |
| 6 | Gut microbiota in common elderly diseases affecting activities of daily living显示文摘Gut microbiota are involved in the development or prevention of various diseases such as type 2 diabetes,fatty liver, and malignancy such as colorectal cancer,breast cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. Alzheimer'sdisease, osteoporosis, sarcopenia, atherosclerotic stroke and cardiovascular disease are major diseases associated with decreased activities of daily living(ADL), especially in elderly people. Recent analyses have revealed the importance of gut microbiota in the control of these diseases. The composition or diversity of these microbiota is different between patients with these conditions and healthy controls, and administration of probiotics or prebiotics has been shown effective in the treatment of these diseases. Gut microbiota may affect distant organs through mechanisms that include regulating the absorption of nutrients and/or the production of microbial metabolites, regulating and interacting with the systemic immune system, and translocating bacteria/bacterial products through disrupted mucosal barriers.Thus, the gut microbiota may be important regulators in the development of diseases that affect ADL. Although adequate exercise and proper diet are important for preventing these diseases, their combination with interventions that manipulate the composition and/or diversity of gut microbiota could be a promising strategy for maintaining health condition and preserving ADL. This review thus summarizes current understanding of the role of gut microbiota in the development or prevention of diseases closely associated with the maintenance of ADL. | Yukihiro Shimizu | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，42： | 15 |
| 7 | Liver physiology and liver diseases in the elderly显示文摘The liver experiences various changes with aging that could affect clinical characteristics and outcomes in patients with liver diseases.Both liver volume and blood flow decrease significantly with age.These changes and decreased cytochrome P450 activity can affect drug metabolism,increasing susceptibility to drug-induced liver injury.Immune responses against pathogens or neoplastic cells are lower in the elderly,although these individuals may be predisposed to autoimmunity through impairment of dendritic cell maturation and reduction of regulatory T cells.These changes in immune functions could alter the pathogenesis of viral hepatitis and autoimmune liver diseases,as well as the development of hepatocellular carcinoma.Moreover,elderly patients have significantly decreased reserve functions of various organs,reducing their tolerability to treatments for liver diseases.Collectively,aged patients show various changes of the liver and other organs that could affect the clinical characteristics and management of liver diseases in these patients. | Kazuto Tajiri Yukihiro Shimizu | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，46： | 15 |
| 8 | Liver fibrosis markers of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis显示文摘Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is one of themajor causes of chronic liver injury. NAFLD includes a wide range of clinical conditions from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH), advanced fibrosis, and liver cirrhosis. The histological findings of NASH indicate hepatic steatosis and inflammation with characteristic hepatocyte injury(e.g., ballooning degeneration), as is observed in the patients with alcoholic liver disease. NASH is considered to be a potentially health-threatening disease that can progress to cirrhosis. A liver biopsy remains the most reliable diagnostic method to appropriately diagnose NASH, evaluate the severity of liver fibrosis, and determine the prognosis and optimal treatment. However, this invasive technique is associated with several limitations in routine use, and a number of biomarkers have been developed in order to predict the degree of liver fibrosis. In the present article, we review the current status of noninvasive biomarkers available to estimate liver fibrosis in the patients with NASH. We also discuss our recent findings on the use of the glycated albuminto-glycated hemoglobin ratio, which is a new index that correlates to various chronic liver diseases, including NASH. | Hirayuki Enomoto Yukihiro Bando Hideji Nakamura Shuhei Nishiguchi Masafumi Koga | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，24： | 12 |
| 9 | Liver involvement in systemic infection显示文摘The liver is often involved in systemic infections,resulting in various types of abnormal liver function test results.In particular,hyperbilirubinemia in the range of 2-10 mg/dL is often seen in patients with sepsis,and several mechanisms for this phenomenon have been proposed.In this review,we summarize how the liver is involved in various systemic infections that are not considered to be primarily hepatotropic.In most patients with systemic infections,treatment for the invading microbes is enough to normalize the liver function tests.However,some patients may show severe liver injury or fulminant hepatic failure,requiring intensive treatment of the liver. | Masami Minemura Kazuto Tajiri Yukihiro Shimizu | 2014 | World Journal of Hepatology2014，6，9： | 9 |
| 10 | Fundamental studies on enhancement and blinking mechanism of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and basic applications of SERS biological sensing显示文摘我们考察最近我们在有试图识别使用的改进和眨眼的机制的实验上的强调的散布的提高表面的拉曼(重量的单位) 的基本学习的结果挑选 nanoparticle dimers 依附染分子的 Ag。这些结果是在电磁的机制的框架讨论的份量上。我们也考察最近我们在为在单个房间和单个分子下面的关于房间表面分子和疾病标记分子的区别的察觉的生物察觉到的基本重量的单位应用的结果铺平。 | Yuko S. Yamamoto Mitsuru Ishikawa Yukihiro Ozaki Tamitake Itoh | 2014 | Frontiers of physics2014，9，1： | 8 |
| 11 | Incidence of lymph node metastasis from early gastric cancer: estimation with a large number of cases at two large centers显示文摘 | Takuji Gotoda Akio Yanagisawa Mitsuru Sasako Hiroyuki Ono Yukihiro Nakanishi Tadakazu Shimoda Yo Kato | 2000 | Gastric Cancer2000，，4： | 8 |
| 12 | 胆道肿瘤临床实践指南(英文第三版)显示文摘日本肝胆胰外科学会(JSHBPS)于2007年出版第一版胆道肿瘤(胆管癌、胆囊癌及壶腹癌)临床实践指南,于2014年更新第二版,2021年英文第三版胆道肿瘤临床实践指南围绕6个主题提出若干临床问题,基于相关循证医学证据并组织专家讨论后,最终确定推荐意见、推荐强度以及推荐说明。根据证据推荐分级的评估、制订与评价(GRADE)系统,推荐强度被分为1级(强)或者2级(弱)。英文第三版胆道肿瘤临床实践指南中提出的31个临床问题涵盖:(1)预防性治疗;(2)诊断;(3)胆道引流;(4)外科治疗;(5)化疗;(6)放疗。31个临床问题中,14个问题给予推荐强度为强的推荐意见,14个问题给予推荐强度为弱的推荐意见,剩余的3个问题未给予推荐意见。每条推荐意见都进行推荐强度说明。最新版指南基于循证医学证据,为临床提供了重要建议。未来与癌症登记数据库协作将是评估指南和建立新证据的关键。 | Masato Nagino Satoshi Hirano Hideyuki Yoshitomi Taku Aoki Katsuhiko Uesaka Michiaki Unno Tomoki Ebata Masaru Konishi Keiji Sano Kazuaki Shimada Hiroaki Shimizu Ryota Higuchi Toshifumi Wakai Hiroyuki Isayama Takuji Okusaka Toshio Tsuyuguchi Yoshiki Hirooka Junji Furuse Hiroyuki Maguchi Kojiro Suzuki Hideya Yamazaki Hiroshi Kijima Akio Yanagisawa Masahiro Yoshida Yukihiro Yokoyama Takashi Mizuno Itaru Endo 杨翼飞(译) 仇毓东(译) 赵梦珂(译) 伏旭(译) 蔡正华(译) 毛凉(审校) | 2021 | 中华消化外科杂志2021，20，4： | 7 |
| 13 | Incidence of lymph node metastasis from early gastric cancer: estimation with a large number of cases at two large centers显示文摘 | Takuji Gotoda Akio Yanagisawa Mitsuru Sasako Hiroyuki Ono Yukihiro Nakanishi Tadakazu Shimoda Yo Kato | 2000 | Gastric Cancer2000，，4： | 7 |
| 14 | Liver in systemic disease显示文摘Potential causes of abnormal liver function tests include viral hepatitis,alcohol intake,nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,autoimmune liver diseases,hereditary diseases,hepatobiliary malignancies or infection,gallstones and drug-induced liver injury.Moreover,the liver may be involved in systemic diseases that mainly affect other organs.Therefore,in patients without etiology of liver injury by screening serology and diagnostic imaging,but who have systemic diseases,the abnormal liver function test results might be caused by the systemic disease.In most of these patients,the systemic disease should be treated primarily.However,some patients with systemic disease and severe liver injury or fulminant hepatic failure require intensive treatments of the liver. | Yukihiro Shimizu | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，26： | 7 |
| 15 | 现代免疫佐剂研究显示文摘 | 王大勇 于庆海 周园 Yukihiro Noda Toshitaka Nabeshima | 2006 | 中国免疫学杂志2006，22，2： | 7 |
| 16 | Astrocytic Kir4.1 potassium channels as a novel therapeutic target for epilepsy and mood disorders显示文摘Astrocytic Kir4.1 channels and spatial potassium buffering:Astrocytes play a crucial role in maintaining the structural and functional integrity of the brain,which includes formation of the blood-brain barrier,maintenance of water and ion homeostasis,metabolism of neurotransmitters and secretion of various neuroactive molecules. | Yukihiro Ohno | 2018 | Neural Regeneration Research2018，13，4： | 6 |
| 17 | Three-dimensional virtual operations can facilitate complicated surgical planning for the treatment of patients with jaw deformities associated with facial asymmetry: a case report显示文摘This article describes a case we experienced in which good postsurgical facial profiles were obtained for a patient with jaw deformities associated with facial asymmetry,by implementing surgical planning with SimPlant OMS.Using this method,we conducted LF1 osteotomy,intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy(IVRO),sagittal split ramus osteotomy(SSRO),mandibular constriction and mandibular border genioplasty.Not only did we obtain a class I occlusal relationship,but the complicated surgery also improved the asymmetry of the frontal view,as well as of the profile view,of the patient.The virtual operation using three-dimensional computed tomography(3D-CT)could be especially useful for the treatment of patients with jaw deformities associated with facial asymmetry. | Shingo Hara Masaharu Mitsugi Takahiro Kanno Akihiko Nomachi Takehiko Wajima Yukihiro Tatemoto | 2013 | International Journal of Oral Science2013，5，3： | 6 |
| 18 | Protocol liver biopsy is the only examination that can detect mid-term graft fibrosis after pediatric liver transplantation显示文摘AIM:To assessed the clinical significance of protocol liver biopsy(PLB)in pediatric liver transplantation(LT).METHODS:Between July 2008 and August 2012,89and 55 PLBs were performed in pediatric patients at two and five years after LT,respectively.We assessed the histopathological findings using the Metavir scoring system,including activity(A)and fibrosis(F),and we identified factors associated with scores of≥A1 and≥F1.Our results clarified the timing and effectiveness of PLB.RESULTS:The incidences of scores of≥A1 and≥F1 were 24.7%and 24.7%,respectively,at two years after LT and 42.3%and 34.5%,respectively,at five years.Independent risk factors in a multivariate analysis of a score of≥A1 at two years included≥2 h ofcold ischemic time,no acute cellular rejection and an alanine amino transaminase(ALT)level of≥20 IU/L(P=0.028,P=0.033 and P=0.012,respectively);however,no risk factors were identified for a score of≥F1.Furthermore,no independent risk factors associated with scores of≥A1 and≥F1 at five years were identified using multivariate analysis.A ROC curve analysis of ALT at two years for a score of≥A1 demonstrated the recommended cutoff value for diagnosing≥A1 histology to be 20 IU/L.The incidence of scores of≥A2 or≥F2 at two years after LT was 3.4%(three cases),and all patients had an absolute score of≥A2.In contrast to that observed for PLBs at five years after LT,the incidence of scores of≥A2 or≥F2 was 20.0%(11 cases),and all patients had an absolute score of≥F2.In all cases,the dose of immunosuppressants was increased after the PLB,and all ten patients who underwent a follow-up liver biopsy improved to scores of≤A1 or F1.CONCLUSION:PLB at two years after LT is an unnecessary examination,because the serum ALT level reflects portal inflammation.In addition,immunosuppressive therapy should be modulated to maintain the ALT concentration at a level less than 20 IU/L.PLB at five years is an excellent examination for the detection of early reversible graft fibrosis because no serum markers reflect this finding. | Yukihiro Sanada Koshi Matsumoto Taizen Urahashi Yoshiyuki Ihara Taiichi Wakiya Noriki Okada Naoya Yamada Yuta Hirata Koichi Mizuta | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，21： | 5 |
| 19 | Differential effects of physical activity and sleep duration on cognitive function in young adults显示文摘Purpose: Although exercise and sleep duration habits are associated with cognitive function, their beneficial effects on cognitive function remain unclear. We aimed to examine the effect of sleep duration and daily physical activity on cognitive function, elucidating the neural mechanisms using near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS).Methods: A total of 23 healthy young adults(age 22.0 ± 2.2 years) participated in this study. Exercise amount was assessed using a uniaxial accelerometer. We evaluated total sleep time(TST) and sleep efficiency by actigraphy. Cognitive function was tested using the N-back task, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test(WCST), and the Continuous Performance Test—Identical Pairs(CPT-IP), and the cortical oxygenated hemoglobin levels during a word fluency task were measured with NIRS.Results: Exercise amount was significantly correlated with reaction time on 0- and 1-back tasks(r = —0.602, p = 0.002; r = —0.446, p = 0.033,respectively), whereas TST was significantly correlated with % corrects on the 2-back task(r = 0.486, p = 0.019). Multiple regression analysis,including exercise amount, TST, and sleep efficiency, revealed that exercise amount was the most significant factor for reaction time on 0- and 1-back tasks(b = —0.634, p = 0.002; b = —0.454, p = 0.031, respectively), and TST was the most significant factor for % corrects on the 2-back task(b = 0.542, p = 0.014). The parameter measured by WCST and CPT-IP was not significantly correlated with TST or exercise amount. Exercise amount, but not TST, was significantly correlated with the mean area under the NIRS curve in the prefrontal area(r = 0.492, p = 0.017).Conclusion: Exercise amount and TST had differential effects on working memory and cortical activation in the prefrontal area. Daily physical activity and appropriate sleep duration may play an important role in working memory. | Kazuko Kato Kunihiro Iwamoto Naoko Kawano Yukihiro Noda Norio Ozaki Akiko Noda | 2018 | Journal of Sport and Health Science2018，7，2： | 5 |
| 20 | Recent advances in the management of pruritus in chronic liver diseases显示文摘Pruritus is a symptom found in patients with chronic liver diseases,especially cholestatic liver diseases such as primary biliary cholangitis.This symptom impairs patient quality of life by disturbing sleep and may lead to consideration of liver transplantation.Mechanisms implicated in pruritus have been associated with the peripheral and central nervous systems,leading to the development of various therapeutic options.Little evidence for the efficacy of most of these treatments is currently available,indicating a need for further investigations. | Kazuto Tajiri Yukihiro Shimizu | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，19： | 5 |
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