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| 1 | Monitoring and Warning of Landslides and Debris Flows Using an Optical Fiber Sensor Technology显示文摘Landslides and debris flows are typical geo-hazards which occur in hilly or mountainous regions. Debris flows may result from landslides. Geotechnical instrumentation plays an important role in monitoring and warning of landslides and resulted debris flows. Traditional technologies for monitoring landslides and debris flows have certain limitations. The new optical fiber sensors presented in this paper can overcome those limitations. This paper presents two new optical fiber sensor systems: one is the Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG)-based in-place inclinometer for monitoring landslides and the other is the FBG-based column-net system for monitoring debris flows. This paper presents the calibration results of FBG-based in-place inclinometers in laboratory. It is found that the calibration results are in good agreement with theoretical results. Both the FBG-based in-place inclinometers and the FBG-based column-net system have been installed at a site in Weijiagou valley, Beichuan County, Sichuan Province of China. Some preliminary results have been obtained and reported in the paper. The advantages of the FBG monitoring systems and their potential applications are also presented. | PEI Huafu CUI Peng YIN Jianhua ZHU Honghu CHEN Xiaoqing PEI Laizheng | 2011 | Journal of Mountain Science2011，8，5： | 12 |
| 2 | A distributed measurement method for in-situ soil moisture content by using carbon-fiber heated cable显示文摘Moisture content is a fundamental physical index that quantifies soil property and is closely associated with the hydrological,ecological and engineering behaviors of soil.To measure in-situ soil moisture contents,a distributed measurement system for in-situ soil moisture content(SM-DTS) is introduced.The system is based on carbon-fiber heated cable(CKHC) technology that has been developed to enhance the measuring accuracy of in-situ soil moisture content.Using CFHC technique,a temperature characteristic value(T_t) can be defined from temperature-time curves.A relationship among T_t,soil thermal impedance coefficient and soil moisture content is then established in laboratory.The feasibility of the SM-DTS technology to provide distributed measurements of in-situ soil moisture content is verified through field tests.The research reported herein indicates that the proposed SM-DTS is capable of measuring in-situ soil moisture content over long distances and large areas. | Dingfeng Cao Bin Shi Honghu Zhu Guangqing Wei Shen-En Chen Junfan Yan | 2015 | Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering2015，7，6： | 10 |
| 3 | Performance evaluation of two types of heated cables for distributedtemperature sensing-based measurement of soil moisture content显示文摘Distributed temperature sensing(DTS)using heated cables has been recently developed for distributed monitoring of in-situ soil moisture content.In this method,the thermal and electrical properties of heated cables have a significant influence on the measurement accuracy of soil moisture content.In this paper,the performances of two heated cables,i.e.the carbon-fiber heated cable(CFHC)and the metalnet heated cable(MNHC),are studied in the laboratory.Their structures,uniformity in the axial direction,measurement accuracy and suitability are evaluated.The test results indicate that the MNHC has a better uniformity in the axial direction than CFHC.Both CFHC and MNHC have high measurement accuracy.The CFHC is more suitable for short-distance measurement(500 m),while the MNHC can be used for longdistance measurement(>500 m). | Dingfeng Cao Bin Shi Honghu Zhu Kun Zhu Guangqing Wei Kai Gu | 2016 | Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering2016，8，2： | 5 |
| 4 | Experimental study on uplift mechanism of pipeline buried in sand using high-resolution fiber optic strain sensing nerves显示文摘Reliable assessment of uplift capacity of buried pipelines against upheaval buckling requires a valid failure mechanism and a reliable real-time monitoring technique.This paper presents a sensing solution for evaluating uplift capacity of pipelines buried in sand using fiber optic strain sensing(FOSS)nerves.Upward pipe-soil interaction(PSI)was investigated through a series of scaled tests,in which the FOSS and image analysis techniques were used to capture the failure patterns.The published prediction models were evaluated and modified according to observations in the present study as well as a database of 41 pipe loading tests assembled from the literature.Axial strain measurements of FOSS nerves horizontally installed above the pipeline were correlated with the failure behavior of the overlying soil.The test results indicate that the previous analytical models could be further improved regarding their estimations in the failure geometry and mobilization distance at the peak uplift resistance.For typical slip plane failure forms,inclined shear bands star from the pipe shoulder,instead of the springline,and have not yet reached the ground surface at the peak resistance.The vertical inclination of curved shear bands decreases with increasing uplift displacements at the post-peak periods.At large displacements,the upward movement is confined to the deeper ground,and the slip plane failure progressively changes to the flow-around.The feasibility of FOSS in pipe uplift resistance prediction was validated through the comparison with image analyses.In addition,the shear band locations can be identified using fiber optic strain measurements.Finally,the advantages and limits of the FOSS system are discussed in terms of different levels in upward PSI assessment,including failure identification,location,and quantification. | Haojie Li Honghu Zhu Yuanhai Li Chunxin Zhang Bin Shi | 2022 | Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering2022，14，4： | 5 |
| 5 | Bortezomib improves progression-free survival in multiple myeloma patients overexpressing preferentially expressed antigen of melanoma显示文摘 | Qin Yazhen Lu Jin Bao Li Zhu Honghu Li Jinlan Li Lingdi Lai Yueyun Shi Hongxia Wang Yazhe Liu Yanrong Jiang Bin Huang Xiaojun | 2014 | Chinese Medical Journal2014，，9： | 4 |
| 6 | Theoretical investigation of interaction between a rectangular plate and fractional viscoelastic foundation显示文摘The interaction between plates and foundations is a typical problem encountered in geotechnical engineering. The long-term plate performance is highly dependent on the rheological characteristics of ground soil. Compared with conventional linear rheology, the fractional calculus-based theory is a more powerful mathematical tool that can address this issue. This paper proposes a fractional Merchant model(FMM) to investigate the time-dependent behavior of a simply supported rectangular plate on viscoelastic foundation. The correspondence principle involving Laplace transforms was employed to derive the closed-form solutions of plate response under uniformly distributed load. The plate deflection,bending moment, and foundation reaction calculated using the FMM were compared with the results obtained from the analogous elastic model(EM) and the standard Merchant model(SMM). It is shown that the upper and lower bound solutions of the FMM can be determined using the EM. In addition, a parametric study was performed to examine the influences of the model parameters on the timedependent behavior of the plateefoundation interaction problem. The results indicate that a small fractional differential order corresponds to a plate resting on a sandy soil foundation, while the fractional differential order value should be increased for a clayey soil foundation. The long-term performance of a foundation plate can be accurately simulated by varying the values of the fractional differential order and the viscosity coefficient. The observations from this study reveal that the proposed fractional model has the capability to capture the variation of plate deflection over many decades of time. | Chengcheng Zhang Honghu Zhu Bin Shi Linchao Liu | 2014 | Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering2014，6，4： | 3 |
| 7 | DFOS Applications to Geo-Engineering Monitoring显示文摘Optical fiber sensing technology has developed rapidly since the 1980s with the development of the optical fiber and fiber optical communication technology.It is a new type of sensing technology that uses light as a carrier and optical fiber as a medium to sense and transmit external signals(measurands).Distributed fiber optical sensors(DFOS)can continuously measure the external physical parameters distributed along the geometric path of the optical fiber.Meanwhile,the spatial distribution and change information of the measured physical parameters over time can be obtained.This technology has unmatched advantages over traditional point-wise and electrical measurement monitoring technologies.This paper summarizes the state-of-the-art research of the application of the distributed optical fiber sensing tech no logy in geo-engineering in the past 10 years,mainly including the advantages of DFOS,the challenges in geo-engineering monitoring,related fundamental theoretical issues,sensing performance of the optical sensing cables,distributed optical fiber monitoring system for geo-engineering,and applications of optical fiber sensing technology in geo-engineering. | Bin SHI Dan ZHANG Honghu ZHU Chengcheng ZHANG Kai GU Hongwei SANG Heming HAN Mengya SUN Jie LIU | 2021 | Photonic Sensors2021，11，2： | 3 |
| 8 | Experimental study on the deformation and failure mechanism of overburden rock during coal mining using a comprehensive intelligent sensing method显示文摘Understanding the spatiotemporal evolution of overburden deformation during coal mining is still a challenge in engineering practice due to the limitation of monitoring techniques. Taking the Yangliu Coal Mine as an example, a similarity model test was designed and conducted to investigate the deformation and failure mechanism of overlying rocks in this study. Distributed fiber optic sensing(DFOS), highdensity electrical resistivity tomography(HD-ERT) and close-range photogrammetry(CRP) technologies were used in the test for comprehensive analyses. The combined use of the three methods facilitates the investigation of the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of overburden deformation, showing that the mining-induced deformation of overburden strata was a dynamic evolution process. This process was accompanied by the formation, propagation, closure and redevelopment of separation cracks.Moreover, the key rock stratum with high strength and high-quality lithology played a crucial role in the whole process of overburden deformation. There were generally three failure modes of overburden rock layers, including bending and tension, overall shearing, and shearing and sliding. Shear failure often leads to overburden falling off in blocks, which poses a serious threat to mining safety. Therefore, realtime and accurate monitoring of overburden deformation is of great significance for the safe mining of underground coal seams. | Gang Cheng Wentao Xu Bin Shi Jinghong Wu Binyang Sun Honghu Zhu | 2022 | Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering2022，14，5： | 2 |
| 9 | Editorial for Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in geotechnical engineering显示文摘We are privileged to be invited by the Honorary Editor-in-Chief,Professor Qihu Qian,Editor-in-Chief,Professor Xia-Ting Feng,and the editorial staff of the Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering(JRMGE),to serve as Guest Editors for this Special Issue(SI).Over the last decade,the application of the Internet of Things(IoT)and Artificial Intelligence(AI)has increased rapidly to enhance automation in various industries.For efficient construction and maintenance of geotechnical infrastructures(slopes,tunnels,pipelines,and other ground infrastructures),there is a need to access and examine measured data in real-time.Variations in data type due to the usage of unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)photogrammetric sensors,LiDAR,and fiber optic sensing techniques make data management and analysis more complicated.Advanced artificial intelligence,metaheuristic optimization,and data science can be reliable methods in geotechnical engineering for site investigation,risk assessment,design,construction,and maintenance at a higher level. | Honghu Zhu Ankit Garg Xiong(Bill)Yu Hannah Wanhuan Zhou | 2022 | Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering2022，14，4： | 2 |
| 10 | Performance Monitoring of a Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Bar Soil Nail during Laboratory Pullout Test Using FBG Sensing Technology显示文摘 | Huafu Pei Jianhua Yin Honghu Zhu Chengyu Hong | 2013 | International Journal of Geomechanics2013，，4： | 1 |
| 11 | Deep learning-based key-block classification framework for discontinuous rock slopes显示文摘The key-blocks are the main reason accounting for structural failure in discontinuous rock slopes, and automated identification of these block types is critical for evaluating the stability conditions. This paper presents a classification framework to categorize rock blocks based on the principles of block theory. The deep convolutional neural network(CNN) procedure was utilized to analyze a total of 1240 highresolution images from 130 slope masses at the South Pars Special Zone, Assalouyeh, Southwest Iran.Based on Goodman’s theory, a recognition system has been implemented to classify three types of rock blocks, namely, key blocks, trapped blocks, and stable blocks. The proposed prediction model has been validated with the loss function, root mean square error(RMSE), and mean square error(MSE). As a justification of the model, the support vector machine(SVM), random forest(RF), Gaussian naïve Bayes(GNB), multilayer perceptron(MLP), Bernoulli naïve Bayes(BNB), and decision tree(DT) classifiers have been used to evaluate the accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and confusion matrix. Accuracy and precision of the proposed model are 0.95 and 0.93, respectively, in comparison with SVM(accuracy = 0.85, precision = 0.85), RF(accuracy = 0.71, precision = 0.71), GNB(accuracy = 0.75,precision = 0.65), MLP(accuracy = 0.88, precision = 0.9), BNB(accuracy = 0.75, precision = 0.69), and DT(accuracy = 0.85, precision = 0.76). In addition, the proposed model reduced the loss function to less than 0.3 and the RMSE and MSE to less than 0.2, which demonstrated a low error rate during processing. | Honghu Zhu Mohammad Azarafza Haluk Akgün | 2022 | Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering2022，14，4： | 1 |
| 12 | Field pullout testing and performance evaluation of GFRP soil nails显示文摘 | Zhu Honghu Yin Jianhua Youngman Albert T Jin Wei | 2011 | Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering2011，137，63： | 1 |
| 13 | Monitoring in- ternal displacement of a model dam using FBG sensing bars 显示文摘 | Zhu Honghu Yin Jianhua Zhang Lin | 2010 | Advances in Structural Engineering2010，13，2： | 1 |
| 14 | Fiber optic sensing and performance evaluation of a water conveyance tunnel with composite linings under super-high internal pressures显示文摘For long-distance water conveyance shield tunnels in operation,the high internal water pressure may cause excessive deformation of composite linings,affecting their structural integrity and serviceability.However,the deformation and failure characteristics of lining structures under internal water pressure are not well investigated in the literature,particularly for three-layer composite linings.This study presents an in situ experimental investigation on the response of two types of composite linings(i.e.separated and combined lining structures)subjected to internal pressures,in which a fiber optic nerve system(FONS)equipped with distributed strain and displacement sensing nerves was employed to monitor the performance of the two composite linings during testing.The experimental results clearly show that the damage of the tunnel lining under different internal pressures was mainly located in the self-compaction concrete layer.The separated lining structure responded more aggressively to the variations in internal pressures than the combined one.Moreover,two evaluation indices,i.e.radial displacement and effective stiffness coefficient,are proposed for describing the changes in the structural bearing performance.The effective stiffness coefficients of the two types of lining structures were reduced by 39.4%and 29.5%,respectively.Considering the convenience of field monitoring,it is suggested that the average strains at different layers can be used as characteristic parameters for estimating the health conditions of lining structures in service.The analysis results provide a practical reference for the design and health evaluation of water conveyance shield tunnels with composite linings. | Deyang Wang Honghu Zhu Jingwu Huang Zhenrui Yan Xing Zheng Bin Shi | 2023 | Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering2023，15，8： | 0 |
| 15 | Monitoring shear deformation of sliding zone via fiber Bragg grating and particle image velocimetry显示文摘Monitoring shear deformation of sliding zones is of great significance for understanding the landslide evolution mechanism,in which fiber optic strain sensing has shown great potential.However,the cor-relation between strain measurements of quasi-distributed fiber Bragg grating(FBG)sensing arrays and shear displacements of surrounding soil remains elusive.In this study,a direct shear model test was conducted to simulate the shear deformation of sliding zones,in which the soil internal deformation was captured using FBG strain sensors and the soil surface deformation was measured by particle image velocimetry(PIV).The test results show that there were two main slip surfaces and two secondary ones,developing a spindle-shaped shear band in the soil.The formation of the shear band was successfully captured by FBG sensors.A sinusoidal model was proposed to describe the fiber optic cable deformation behavior.On this basis,the shear displacements and shear band widths were calculated by using strain measurements.This work provides important insight into the deduction of soil shear deformation using soil-embedded FBG strain sensors. | Deyang Wang Honghu Zhu Guyu Zhou Wenzhao Yu Baojun Wang Wanhuan Zhou | 2024 | Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering2024，16，1： | 0 |
| 16 | Fiber optic monitoring of an anti-slide pile in a retrogressive landslide显示文摘Anti-slide piles are one of the most important reinforcement structures against landslides,and evalu-ating the working conditions is of great significance for landslide mitigation.The widely adopted analytical methods of pile internal forces include cantilever beam method and elastic foundation beam method.However,due to many assumptions involved in calculation,the analytical models cannot be fully applicable to complex site situations,e.g.landslides with multi-sliding surfaces and pile-soil interface separation as discussed herein.In view of this,the combination of distributed fiber optic sensing(DFOS)and strain-internal force conversion methods was proposed to evaluate the working conditions of an anti-sliding pile in a typical retrogressive landslide in the Three Gorges reservoir area,China.Brillouin optical time domain reflectometry(BOTDR)was utilized to monitor the strain distri-bution along the pile.Next,by analyzing the relative deformation between the pile and its adjacent inclinometer,the pile-soil interface separation was profiled.Finally,the internal forces of the anti-slide pile were derived based on the strain-internal force conversion method.According to the ratio of calculated internal forces to the design values,the working conditions of the anti-slide pile could be evaluated.The results demonstrated that the proposed method could reveal the deformation pattern of the anti-slide pile system,and can quantitatively evaluate its working conditions. | Lei Zhang Honghu Zhu Heming Han Bin Shi | 2024 | Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering2024，16，1： | 0 |
| 17 | Thermal integrity profiling of cast-in-situ piles in sand using fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing显示文摘Defects in cast-in-situ piles have an adverse impact on load transfer at the pile‒soil interface and pile bearing capacity. In recent years, thermal integrity profiling (TIP) has been developed to measure temperature profiles of cast-in-situ piles, enabling the detection of structural defects or anomalies at the early stage of construction. However, using this integrity testing method to evaluate potential defects in cast-in-situ piles requires a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of hydration heat transfer from piles to surrounding soils. In this study, small-scale model tests were conducted in laboratory to investigate the performance of TIP in detecting pile integrity. Fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing (DTS) technology was used to monitor detailed temperature variations along model piles in sand. Additionally, sensors were installed in sand to measure water content and matric suction. An interpretation method against available DTS-based thermal profiles was proposed to reveal the potential defective regions. It shows that the temperature difference between normal and defective piles is more obvious in wet sand. In addition, there is a critical zone of water migration in sand due to the water absorption behavior of cement and temperature transfer-induced water migration in the early-age concrete setting. These findings could provide important insight into the improvement of the TIP testing method for field applications. | Jing Wang Honghu Zhu Daoyuan Tan Zili Li Jie Li Chao Wei Bin Shi | 2023 | Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering2023，15，12： | 0 |
| 18 | Exploring the combination of biochar‐amended soil and automated irrigation technology for water regulation and preservation in green infrastructure显示文摘Biochar is a carbon sink material with the potential to improve water retention in various soils.However,for the long‐term maintenance of green infrastructure,there is an additional need to regulate the water contents in the covers to maintain vegetation growth in semiarid conditions.In this study,biochar‐amended soil was combined with subsurface drip irrigation,and the water preservation characteristics of this treatment were investigated through a series of one‐dimensional soil column tests.To ascertain the best treatment method specific to semiarid climatic conditions,the test soil was amended with 0%,1%,3%,and 5%biochar.Automatic irrigation devices equipped with soil moisture sensors were used to control the subsurface water content with the aim of enhancing vegetation growth.Each soil column test lasted 150 h,during which the volumetric water contents and soil suction data were recorded.The experimental results reveal that the soil specimen amended with 3%biochar is the most water‐saving regardless of the time cost.Soil with a higher biochar content(e.g.,5%)consumes a more significant amount of water due to the enhancement of the water‐holding capacity.Based on the experimental results,it can be concluded that the appropriate ratio can be determined within 1%–3%,which can reduce not only the amount of irrigated/used water but also the time cost.Such technology can be explored for water content regulation in green infrastructure and the development of barriers for protecting the environment around deep underground waste containment. | Honghu Zhu Yuanxu Huang Haihong Song Jian Chen Songlei Han Tanwee Mazumder Ankit Garg | 2024 | Deep Underground Science and Engineering2024，3，1： | 0 |
| 19 | Feasibility study on sinkhole monitoring with fiber optic strain sensing nerves显示文摘Anthropogenic activity-induced sinkholes pose a serious threat to building safety and human life nowadays.Real-time detection and early warning of sinkhole formation are a key and urgent problem in urban areas.This paper presents an experimental study to evaluate the feasibility of fiber optic strain sensing nerves in sinkhole monitoring.Combining the artificial neural network(ANN)and particle image velocimetry(PIV)techniques,a series of model tests have been performed to explore the relationship between strain measurements and sinkhole development and to establish a conversion model from strain data to ground settlements.It is demonstrated that the failure mechanism of the soil above the sinkhole developed from a triangle failure plane to a vertical failure plane with increasing collapse volume.Meanwhile,the soil-embedded fiber optic strain sensing nerves allowed deformation monitoring of the ground soil in real time.Furthermore,the characteristics of the measured strain profiles indicate the locations of sinkholes and the associated shear bands.Based on the strain data,the ANN model predicts the ground settlement well.Additionally,micro-anchored fiber optic cables have been proven to increase the soil-to-fiber strain transfer efficiency for large deformation monitoring of ground collapse. | Yuxin Gao Honghu Zhu Liang Qiao Xifeng Liu Chao Wei Wei Zhang | 2023 | Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering2023，15，11： | 0 |
| 20 | A review of previous studies on the applications of fiber optic sensing technologies in geotechnical monitoring显示文摘Geotechnical engineering is characterized by many uncertainties,including soil material properties,environmental effects,and engineering design and construction,which bring a significant challenge to geotechnical monitoring.However,conventional sensors with several inherent limitations,such as electromagnetic interference,signal loss in long-distance transmission,and low durability in harsh environments cannot fully meet current monitoring needs.Recently,fiber optic sensing technologies have been successfully applied in geotechnical monitoring due to the significant advantages of anti-electromagnetic interference,stable signal long-distance transmission,high durability,high sensitivity,and lightweight,which can be considered an ideal replacement for conventional sensors.In this paper,the working principle of different fiber optic sensing technologies,the development of fiber optic-based sensors,and the recent application status of these sensing technologies for geotechnical monitoring were comprehensively reviewed and discussed in detail.Finally,the challenges and countermeasures of the sensing technologies in geotechnical monitoring were also presented and discussed. | Jiaxiao Ma Huafu Pei Honghu Zhu Bin Shi Jianhua Yin | 2023 | Rock Mechanics Bulletin2023，2，1： | 0 |
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