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| 1 | 干旱半干旱区土壤湿度数值模拟研究进展显示文摘总结和回顾了干旱半干旱地区土壤湿度研究在区域气候变化研究过程中的重要性,详尽描述了干旱半干旱区土壤湿度数值模拟的研究现状。在过去几十年里,大型地面观测试验计划的开展、卫星遥感监测能力的加强促进了干旱半干旱地区陆面模式模拟土壤湿度能力的提高,推动了干旱半干旱地区土壤湿度数值模拟的研究进程。尤其是干旱半干旱地区气候观测站的建立,积累了长期宝贵的连续性观测数据,增强了检验卫星反演方法的能力,促进了陆面模式的参数化改进。近年来随着气象学、生态学以及水文学、土壤学等学科之间交叉合作的加强,气候变化背景下土壤湿度对碳、氮循环的影响研究得到越来越多的重视,尤其在干旱半干旱地区,局地碳通量和水分供应存在密切联系。因此,未来半干旱地区土壤湿度的研究不仅要开展观测计划,积累长期连续的高质量数据,改进卫星反演能力和模式参数化方案,而且要进一步深化和加强学科交叉内容的研究,分析气候变化背景下土壤湿度在生态学、水文学、土壤学等学科的变化形式和特点,多角度、多方向地开展和改进干旱半干旱地区土壤湿度的数值模拟研究。 | 管晓丹 程善俊 郭瑞霞 季明霞 | 2014 | 干旱气象2014，32，1： | 18 |
| 2 | The Influences of Thermodynamic Characteristics on Aerodynamic Roughness Length over Land Surface显示文摘It has previously been shown that aerodynamic roughness length changes significantly along with nearsurface atmospheric thermodynamic state; however, at present, this phenomenon remains poorly understood, and very little research concerning this topic has been conducted. In this paper, by using the data of different underlying surfaces provided by the Experimental Co-observation and Integral Research in Semi-arid and Arid Regions over North China, aerodynamic roughness length (z0 ) values in stable, neutral, and unstable atmospheric stratifications are compared with one another, and the relationship between z0 and atmospheric thermodynamic stability (ζ) is analyzed. It is found that z0 shows great differences among the stable, neutral, and unstable atmospheric thermodynamic states, with the difference in z0 values between the fully thermodynamic stable condition and the neutral condition reaching 60% of the mean z0 . Furthermore, for the wind speed range in which the wind data are less sensitive to z0 , the surface z0 changes more significantly with ζ, and is highly correlated with both the Monin-Obukhov stability (ζ0 ) and the overall Richardson number (Rib ), with both of their correlation coefficients greater than 0.71 and 0.47 in the stable and unstable atmospheric stratification, respectively. The empirical relation fitted with the experimental observations is quite consistent with the Zilitinkevich theoretical relation in the stable atmosphere, but the two are quite distinct and even show opposite variation tendencies in the unstable atmosphere. In application, however, verification of the empirical fitted relations by using the experimental data finds that the fitted relation is slightly more applicable than the Zilitinkevich theoretical relation in stable atmospheric stratification, but it is much more suitable than the Zilitinkevich relation in unstable atmospheric stratification. | 张强 姚彤 岳平 张立阳 曾剑 | 2013 | Acta meteorologica Sinica2013，27，2： | 7 |
| 3 | 青藏高原非均匀下垫面热力输送系数的估算显示文摘利用欧洲中心的再分析资料(2000—2014年)风速和温度再分析资料,结合增强植被指数、植被类型、地面高程等多种卫星遥感资料以及陆面过程观测资料,在廓线-通量法的基础上,对以往动力和热力粗糙度方案加以改进,建立了更准确的空气动力学粗糙度和热传输附加阻尼的估算方案,进而求得适用于青藏高原非均匀下垫面的热力输送系数。并利用2008年JICA项目试验的涡动相关观测资料与GAM E-Tibet试验的梯度观测资料进行了对比与检验。结果表明:改进的估算方案能够体现高原地形和植被的非均匀特征;青藏高原的粗糙度等相关参数的时空分布特征与植被高度和密度、下垫面的热力条件密切相关;热力输送系数具有南部大于北部,东部大于西部,夏季大于冬季的特征;高植被和地-气温差偏大的区域热力输送系数偏大。 | 高世仰 张杰 罗琦 | 2017 | 高原气象2017，36，3： | 7 |
| 4 | 半干旱区榆中地表粗糙度年变化及影响机理显示文摘利用2006年6月—2010年12月兰州大学半干旱气候与环境观测站(SACOL)观测资料,分析了黄土高原自然植被下垫面榆中地表粗糙度时间变化特征,考虑到地形、植被物理特征以及降水和热力条件的影响,分析了东南风向和西北风向粗糙度年变化规律及其影响机理,并分别给出这两个风向归一化粗糙度与时间的拟合关系式。研究发现:对于非均一下垫面,由于地形起伏和下垫面植被差别造成的不同风向粗糙度差异显著。选取东南风向和西北风向,这两个风向的地表粗糙度无论是量级还是年变化特征都有很大差别,且由于地形和植被的差别,东南风向粗糙度年变化趋势与稳定度年变化趋势一致,粗糙度与稳定度存在一定相关关系,而西北风向粗糙度年变化趋势与降水量年变化趋势一致,粗糙度与降水量相关性较好。 | 姚彤 张强 尹晗 | 2014 | 应用气象学报2014，25，4： | 5 |
| 5 | 考虑粗糙地表的近地层风场仿真模拟研究及误差分析显示文摘基于Fluent流体计算平台,使用自编UDF程序实现根据地表粗糙度长度添加覆盖植被阻力源项来模拟精细化地表粗糙度,以Askervein山为例建立数值模型,选择了不同的湍流模型进行风场模拟,研究了湍流模型对复杂地形风场CFD模拟的影响,并与实测数据对比分析了湍流模型的适用性,进一步探讨了均一地表粗糙度的模拟效果。研究表明:相比于其他几种湍流模型,LES模拟结果与实测值吻合最好,更适用于复杂地形的风场模拟。地表粗糙度长度对风场的影响在迎风面和背风面处有较大的差异性,合理设置单一地表粗糙度能有效减小模拟误差。 | 刘震卿 张冲 吴晓波 李秋明 | 2020 | 空气动力学学报2020，38，4： | 5 |
| 6 | 数值模拟气流特征和砾石几何参数对床面空气动力学粗糙度的影响显示文摘本文应用流体计算软件FLUENT6.3,采用非结构化网格划分技术模拟了气流特征和砾石几何参数对床面空气动力学粗糙度的影响。结果表明:空气动力学粗糙度(z0)与风速(u)、摩阻速度(u*)之间存在定量关系:z0=a exp(bu/u*)。砾石高度对空气动力学粗糙度的影响显著优于砾石直径,空气动力学粗糙度随砾石密度的变化比较复杂,先增加后减小。FLUENT在模拟风洞砾石床面动力学过程中的成功应用,是我们在研究方法上的一次有益尝试。 | 王晓 张伟民 | 2014 | 中国沙漠2014，34，4： | 4 |
| 7 | Development and test of a multifactorial parameterization scheme of land surface aerodynamic roughness length for flat land surfaces with short vegetation显示文摘Aerodynamic roughness length is an important physical parameter in atmospheric numerical models and micrometeorological calculations, the accuracy of which can affect numerical model performance and the level of micrometeorological computations. Many factors influence the aerodynamic roughness length, but formulas for its parameterization often only consider the action of a single factor. This limits their adaptive capacity and often introduces considerable errors in the estimation of land surface momentum flux(friction velocity). In this study, based on research into the parameterization relations between aerodynamic roughness length and influencing factors such as windflow conditions, thermodynamic characteristics of the surface layer, natural rhythm of vegetation growth, ecological effects of interannual fluctuations of precipitation, and vegetation type, an aerodynamic roughness length parameterization scheme was established. This considers almost all the factors that affect aerodynamic roughness length on flat land surfaces with short vegetation. Furthermore, using many years' data recorded at the Semi-Arid Climate and Environment Observatory of Lanzhou University, a comparative analysis of the application of the proposed parameterization scheme and other experimental schemes was performed. It was found that the error in the friction velocity estimated by the proposed parameterization scheme was considerably less than that estimated using a constant aerodynamic roughness length and by the other parameterization schemes. Compared with the friction velocity estimated using a constant aerodynamic roughness length, the correlation coefficient with the observed friction velocity increased from 0.752 to 0.937, and the standard deviation and deviation decreased by about 20% and 80%, respectively. Its mean value differed from the observed value by only 0.004 ms^(-1) and the relative error was only about 1.6%, which indicates a significant decrease in the estimation error of surface-layer momentum flux. The test results show that the multifactorial universal parameterization scheme of aerodynamic roughness length for flat land surfaces with short vegetation can offer a more scientific parameterization scheme for numerical atmospheric models. | ZHANG Qiang YAO Tong YUE Ping | 2016 | Science China Earth Sciences2016，59，2： | 3 |
| 8 | Stochastic method to determine the scale and anomalous diffusion of gusts in a windy atmospheric boundary layer显示文摘In the atmospheric boundary layer, especially during strong wind period, the coherent structures are obvious and related to the direct interaction of the air masses with the ground. In this paper, we used the observation data during dust weather in Northwest Gansu to study the coherent structure and their ‘‘anomalous diffusion''. The structures in the atmospheric boundary layer included turbulent fluctuations and gusty wind disturbances, and could be denoted as ‘‘critical events' '. Their fractal dimensions were expressed by the complex index l of waiting times. Although the complex index can indicate the ability of the system to generate coherent structures, it has a strong dependence on the threshold marking the‘‘critical events' '. Hence, the continuous time random walk method was used to analyze the coherent structures. The scaling law of anomalous diffusion of coherent structures was obtained, and the diffusion scaling exponent H that indicated the ability of diffusion of different structures was analyzed. The exponents changed with structure scales which were affected by velocities and heights. At small scales, it was almost isotropic, and at large scales, the coherent structures were obvious and the diffusion was anomalous. | Xueling Cheng Fei Hu Qingcun Zeng | 2014 | Chinese Science Bulletin2014，59，34： | 3 |
| 9 | 粗糙元的空气动力学效应研究进展显示文摘粗糙元防护作用的空气动力学效应研究是揭示其防护机理的重要基础。从剪切力、空气动力学粗糙度的角度出发,根据已有的研究成果,全面分析了半个多世纪以来粗糙元覆盖地表剪切力分解的2种主要计算方法,并阐述了空气动力学粗糙度的研究现状及目前存在的问题。分析认为,剪切力分解的2种方法虽被普遍应用,但相关参数的精确计算还存在争议;另外,针对目前空气动力学粗糙度研究中存在的问题,提出用遥感的方法来解决。 | 王晓 张伟民 | 2014 | 干旱区研究2014，31，5： | 1 |
| 10 | 青藏高原高寒草甸的空气动力学粗糙度特征显示文摘为认识高寒草甸下垫面的空气动力学粗糙度特征,利用阿柔冻融站的夏季观测资料,通过两种方法计算青藏高原高寒草甸的空气动力学粗糙度,并分析空气动力学粗糙度的日演变特征,探讨空气动力学粗糙度与大气动力因素之间的关系。结果显示,阿柔高寒草甸的夏季平均动力学粗糙度为0.026 m,白天和夜间的动力学粗糙度分别为0.033 m、0.019 m。从平均的日演变看,动力学粗糙度表现出明显的单峰型演变特征,峰值出现在中午至下午时段,这与大气动力特征的日变化密切相关。其次,动力学粗糙度线性相关于摩擦速度u,但两者的相关性受到风速u的影响,u越大则两者的线性关系越强,并且两者的拟合关系在高风速区间(3~6 m/s)保持较高的稳定性。而标准化变量u/u与动力学粗糙度之间存在负指数拟合关系,u/u与动力学粗糙度的关系相比于u或u更加稳定,并且u/u解释了空气动力学粗糙度60%左右的变化,可用于空气动力学粗糙度的参数化研究。 | 曾剑 张强 张宇 杨泽粟 | 2022 | 成都信息工程大学学报2022，37，4： | 1 |
| 11 | 雅鲁藏布江中游平坦流沙地表空气动力学特征显示文摘近地层空气动力学过程及特征是影响风沙运动过程及强度的重要因素,受地表粗糙元特征和空气密度等多种因子的影响,是风沙科学研究的重要内容。雅鲁藏布江中游是青藏高原风沙活动最频繁的地区之一,但对其流沙地表空气动力学过程的研究较为薄弱。基于日喀则宽谷和山南宽谷的野外实测风速资料,对流沙地表的风速廓线、空气动力学粗糙度(z_(0))和摩阻风速(u_(*))进行分析,旨在为高海拔风沙运动过程、机理提供理论依据,同时为该地区风沙灾害的防治提供思路。结果表明:(1)空气密度为0.84±0.02 kg·m^(-3)时,流沙地表的风速廓线满足对数函数关系。高海拔地区风速廓线平均截距和斜率大于低海拔地区,说明由海拔引起的空气密度影响近地层气流运动。(2)雅鲁藏布江中游摩阻风速随风速增大而线性增大(R^(2)>0.75),但二者的拟合系数大于前人的研究结果,进一步说明空气密度影响近地层气流运动。(3)u_(*)和z_(0)满足指数模型z_(0)=b_(1)exp(u_(*)/b_(2))+b_(3)。(4)相似均质下垫面条件下,u_(*)和z_(0)与气温、湿度和海拔呈显著正相关,气温的影响最大。 | 刘婷 贾晓鹏 陈定梅 益西拉姆 张炎 潘凯佳 张正偲 | 2023 | 中国沙漠2023，43，5： | 0 |
| 12 | The application and comparison of several flux profile relations in CoLM显示文摘This paper discusses the important role that flux profile relations play in momentum flux,sensible heat flux,and latent heat flux simulations in CoLM(Common Land Model)and compares the application of three flux profile relation schemes in CoLM by means of the Loess Plateau Land-Atmosphere Interaction Pilot Experiment(LOPEX)of 2005.It reveals that the results simulated by the model barely changed in the original flux profile schemes of the models after eliminating the very stable condition and the very unstable condition,and there were only tiny changes in numerical values.This indicates that the corrected terms added to fm(ζm),fh(ζh)were very tiny and can be ignored under very stable and very unstable circumstances.According to a comparison of the three flux profile relations,the simulation results were basically coherent by using any CoLM:the correlation coefficient of the simulation value and the observed value was 0.89,and this bears on the coherence with the numerical procedures for the flux profile relations under unstable circumstances.The simulation results were improved considerably by utilizing the Lobocki flux profile schemes,which numerical procedures under unstable circumstances differed significantly from other three flux profile schemes;in this case the correlation coefficient of the value of simulation and the observed value became 0.95.In the next iteration of this study,it will be of great importance for the development of the land surface process model to continue experimenting with the application of some novel flux profile schemes in the land surface process models in typical regions. | ZhenChao Li ZhiGang Weia ZhiYuan Zheng Hong Wei Hui Liu | 2014 | Research in Cold and Arid Regions2014，6，1： | 0 |
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