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| 1 | 北京市机动车尾气排放因子研究显示文摘通过调研北京市机动车车型构成、车辆行驶工况、环境温度、油品品质等基础数据,利用COPERTⅣ模型计算了机动车尾气中CO、NOx、HC和PM的排放因子.应用车载测试系统对典型轻型汽油客车和柴油货车的实际道路排放因子进行测量,并将测量结果与模型计算结果对比,结果发现国Ⅳ标准下,轻型汽油客车的CO排放因子的实测数据是模型数据的0.96倍,NOx的实测数据是模型数据的0.64倍,HC的实测数据是模型数据的4.89倍.对于国Ⅲ排放标准的柴油货车,轻型、中型和重型货车的CO排放因子,实测数据分别是模型数据的1.61、1.07和1.76倍,NOx排放因子的实测数据是模型数据的1.04、1.21和1.18倍,HC排放因子的实测数据是模型数据的3.75、1.84和1.47倍,PM排放因子则为模型数据是实测数据的1.31、3.42和6.42倍. | 樊守彬 田灵娣 张东旭 曲松 | 2015 | 环境科学2015，36，7： | 49 |
| 2 | Characteristics of the water-soluble components of aerosol particles in Hefei,China显示文摘Size-classified daily aerosol mass concentrations and concentrations of water-soluble inorganic ions were measured in Hefei,China,in four representative months between September 2012 and August 2013.An annual average mass concentration of 169.09μg/m^3 for total suspended particulate(TSP)was measured using an Andersen Mark-II cascade impactor.The seasonal average mass concentration was highest in winter(234.73μg/m^3)and lowest in summer(91.71μg/m^3).Water-soluble ions accounted for 59.49%,32.90%,48.62%and 37.08%of the aerosol mass concentration in winter,spring,summer,and fall,respectively,which indicated that ionic species were the primary constituents of the atmospheric aerosols.The four most abundant ions were NO_3^-,SO_4^(2-),Ca^(2+) and NH_4^+.With the exception of Ca^(2+),the mass concentrations of water-soluble ions were in an intermediate range compared with the levels for other Chinese cities.Sulfate,nitrate,and ammonium were the dominant fine-particle species,which were bimodally distributed in spring,summer and fall;however,the size distribution became unimodal in winter,with a peak at 1.1–2.1μm.The Ca^(2+) peak occurred at approximately 4.7–5.8μm in all seasons.The cation to anion ratio was close to 1.4,which suggested that the aerosol particles were alkalescent in Hefei.The average NO_3^-/SO_4^(2-)mass ratio was 1.10 in Hefei,which indicated that mobile source emissions were predominant.Significant positive correlation coefficients between the concentrations of NH_4^+ and SO_4^(2-),NH_4^+ and NO_3^-,SO_4^(2-)and NO_3^-,and Mg^(2+) and Ca^(2+) were also indicated,suggesting that aerosol particles may be present as(NH_4)_2SO_4,NH_4HSO_4,and NH_4NO_3. | Xue-liang Deng Chun-e Shi Bi-wen Wu Yuan-jian Yang Qi Jin Hong-lei Wang Song Zhu Caixia Yu | 2016 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2016，28，4： | 18 |
| 3 | 城市街谷大气污染物分布研究进展显示文摘城市街谷是现代城市最重要的空间形式与特征之一,是城市中使用频率最高、汽车尾气污染最严重、日常人口密度最大的公共空间类型之一。城市街谷不合理的空间配置和结构会造成城市通风自净能力降低,大气污染物浓度增高。本文综述了城市街谷形态、行道树配置、机动车车流量和气象因素等对街谷大气污染物分布的影响,以及数值模拟、风洞试验和实地监测等用于街谷大气污染物分布及扩散研究的相关方法。建议未来以实地监测数据为基础,综合考虑多种因素对街谷大气污染物分布的研究,提出适宜城市大气污染物扩散的城市街谷构建模式,从城市规划和格局优化的角度为城市大气污染物的减控提出科学支撑和优化方案。 | 苗纯萍 陈玮 崔爱伟 李苹苹 胡远满 何兴元 | 2021 | 应用生态学报2021，32，9： | 7 |
| 4 | 2015~2019年南京北郊碳质气溶胶组成变化显示文摘碳质气溶胶是大气细颗粒物的重要组成,对空气质量、人体健康和气候变化有着重要影响.为了探究碳质气溶胶在减排背景下的长期变化,本研究测定了南京北郊5 a(2014年12月17日至2020年1月5日)PM_(2.5)样品的有机碳(OC)和元素碳(EC)浓度.结果表明,ρ(OC)和ρ(EC)5a平均值分别为(10.2±5.3)μg·m^(-3)和(1.6±1.1)μg·m^(-3),其中OC占PM_(2.5)的31.1%,EC占PM_(2.5)的5.2%.OC和EC均呈现出冬高夏低的季节特征.通过非参数的Mann-Kendall检验和Sen's斜率发现,OC和PM_(2.5)的浓度整体呈显著下降趋势[OC:P<0.0001,-0.79μg·(m^(3)·a)^(-1),-0.29%·a^(-1);PM_(2.5):P<0.0001,-4.59μg·(m^(3)·a)^(-1),-1.58%·a^(-1)].EC虽然整体上升,但显著性和变化幅度相对而言并不明显[P=0.02;0.05μg·(m^(3)·a)^(-1),0.02%·a^(-1)].从冬季的长期变化看,OC、EC都呈显著下降[OC:P<0.0001,-2.05μg·(m^(3)·a)-1,-0.74%·a^(-1);EC:P=0.001,-0.15μg·(m^(3)·a)^(-1),-0.05%·a^(-1)],且下降较总体更明显.OC和EC的相关性表明,冬季和夏季的来源较春季和秋季更复杂.根据OC/EC特征比值判断,2015~2019年燃煤源和生物质燃烧源的贡献有所下降,工业源与机动车排放源的影响日益显著,与此对应的是OC的明显下降和EC的轻微回升.OC/EC比值大于2.0,说明研究区域存在二次污染.进一步计算发现SOC变化与OC一致,呈显著下降[P<0.0001,-0.47μg·(m^(3)·a)^(-1),-0.17%·a^(-1)],均值为(5.0±3.5)μg·m^(-3),占OC的49.2%.以上变化说明南京市近年来对空气污染的防控治理效果明显,同时今后的治理可以针对VOCs的排放,以减轻二次污染. | 谢添 曹芳 章炎麟 林煜棋 范美益 宋文怀 鲍孟盈 项妍琨 赵祝钰 杨笑影 谢锋 张煜娴 俞浩然 张子金 邢佳莉 | 2022 | 环境科学2022，43，6： | 6 |
| 5 | Vertical distribution of aerosol optical properties based on aircraft measurements over the Loess Plateau in China显示文摘Vertical distributions of aerosol optical properties based on aircraft measurements over the Loess Plateau were measured for the first time during a summertime aircraft campaign, 2013 in Shanxi, China. Data from four flights were analyzed. The vertical distributions of aerosol optical properties including aerosol scattering coefficients(σsc), absorption coefficients(σab),Angstr?m exponent(α), single scattering albedo(ω), backscattering ratio(βsc), aerosol mass scattering proficiency(Q sc) and aerosol surface scattering proficiency(Q sc′) were obtained. The mean statistical values of σsc were 77.45 Mm-1(at 450 nm), 50.72 Mm-1(at 550 nm), and32.02 Mm-1(at 700 nm). The mean value of σab was 7.62 Mm-1(at 550 nm). The mean values ofα, βsc and ω were 1.93, 0.15, and 0.91, respectively. Aerosol concentration decreased with altitude. Most effective diameters(ED) of aerosols were less than 0.8 μm. The vertical profiles of σsc,, α, βsc, Q sc and Q sc′ showed that the aerosol scattering properties at lower levels contributed the most to the total aerosol radiative forcing. Both α and βsc had relatively large values, suggesting that most aerosols in the observational region were small particles. The mean values of σsc, α, βsc, Q sc, Q sc′, σab and ω at different height ranges showed that most of the parameters decreased with altitude. The forty-eight hour backward trajectories of air masses during the observation days indicated that the majority of aerosols in the lower level contributed the most to the total aerosol loading, and most of these particles originated from local or regional pollution emissions. | Junxia Li Xingang Liu Liang Yuan Yan Yin Zhanqing Li Peiren Li Gang Ren Lijun Jin Runjun Li Zipeng Dong Yiyu Li Junmei Yang | 2015 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2015，27，8： | 6 |
| 6 | 不同类型建筑垃圾堆场大气降尘中水溶性离子污染特征显示文摘为了解建筑垃圾长期堆放产生的扬尘对大气的影响,选择北京市两个拆迁建筑垃圾堆放场,于2019年夏季、秋季进行降尘连续采样.共收集拆迁原地堆放有效降尘样品11个,异地集中堆放有效降尘样品11个,利用离子色谱法对大气降尘中水溶性离子组分及质量浓度进行分析.结果表明:阳离子中质量浓度最高的是Ca^(2+),其次是K^(+),NH_(4)^(+)浓度最低;阴离子中质量浓度最高的是SO_(4)^(2-),其次是Cl^(-),NO_(3)^(-)最低,降尘样品呈碱性.建筑垃圾拆迁原地堆放场地Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)、SO_(4)^(2-)、Cl^(-)、Na^(+)、NH_(4)^(+)平均浓度高于异地集中堆放场地对应各离子浓度.拆迁原地堆放场地中Ca^(2+)、SO_(4)^(2-)、Na^(+)、Cl^(-)受局地风向影响较大,空间分布情况与风向扩散趋势大致相同;异地集中堆放场地各离子浓度高值区域分布较原地堆放远,Ca^(2+)、K^(+)、SO_(4)^(2-)、Cl^(-)、Mg^(2+)这5种离子空间分布与次主导风向较为相符.同时,两个场地水溶性离子平均浓度与距建筑垃圾堆放地的距离有一定的关系,采样点在距堆放中心200 m范围之内离子平均浓度最大,总体来说,距离堆放中心近的采样点位离子浓度高于距离较远的采样点位离子浓度. | 王欣玉 任雅琪 王丽丽 李令军 张天岳 沈楠驰 雷文凯 赵文吉 | 2021 | 环境科学学报2021，41，11： | 5 |
| 7 | 大气超细颗粒物来源及其化学组分研究进展显示文摘大气超细颗粒物(ultrafine particle, UFP)为粒径小于100 nm的颗粒物,其数浓度主导了大气颗粒物的总数浓度,对人体健康和气候都有显著影响.大气UFP主要来源于污染源烟气和大气中气态前体物的成核和生长.其中,污染源烟气中成核和生长产生的颗粒物排放后构成大气UFP的一次来源,而直接在大气中成核和生长(又称新粒子生成)产生的颗粒物构成大气UFP的二次来源.由于不同来源气态前体物种类的显著差别,所生成UFP的化学组分及其健康和气候效应也会有显著不同.然而,目前对大气UFP的不同来源贡献及其化学组成的相关研究相对较少.本文简要介绍了几种主要污染源排放的一次UFP特征、大气新粒子生成产生的二次UFP特征、以及受多种来源影响的实际大气UFP的化学组分及其来源解析相关研究进展.基于上述分析,建议未来着重开展高时间分辨率和高物种分辨率的大气UFP化学组分观测,加强对大气UFP分子水平上组分及其变化规律的认识. | 李晓晓 蒋靖坤 王东滨 葛茂发 郝吉明 | 2021 | 环境化学2021，40，10： | 2 |
| 8 | Variation of airborne quartz in air of Beijing during the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Economic Leaders' Meeting显示文摘Quartz particles are a toxic component of airborne paniculate matter(PM).Quartz concentrations were analyzed by X-ray diffraction in eighty-seven airborne PM samples collected from three locations in Beijing before,during,and after the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation(APEC) Leaders' Meeting in 2014.The results showed that the mean concentrations of quartz in PM samples from the two urban sites were considerably higher than those from the rural site.The quartz concentrations in samples collected after the APEC meeting,when the pollution restriction lever was lifted,were higher than those in the samples collected before or during the APEC meeting.The quartz concentrations ranged from 0.97 to 13.2 μg/m^3,which were among the highest values amid those reported from other countries.The highest quartz concentration exceeded the Californian Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment reference exposure level and was close to the occupational threshold limit values for occupational settings.Moreover,a correlation analysis showed that quartz concentrations were positively correlated with concentrations of pollution parameters PM_(10),PM_(2.5),SO_2 and NO_x,but were negatively correlated with O_3 concentration.The results suggest that the airborne quartz particles may potentially pose health risks to the general population of Beijing. | Gang Li Yingming Li Hongxing Zhang Honghua Li Guanjun Gao Qian Zhou Yuan Gao Wenjuan Li Huizhong Sun Xiaoke Wang Qinghua Zhang | 2016 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2016，28，1： | 1 |
| 9 | 新能源汽车影响及其政策评价研究显示文摘近年来,为了缓解日益严峻的交通拥堵问题和环境压力,新能源汽车产业取得了长足的发展。基于此背景,从大气污染研究、机动车尾气排放研究、交通拥堵研究和政策经济成本研究四个维度,对新能源汽车的影响及其政策评价演进进行了系统梳理、文献述评和研究展望。 | 吴若男 金洁莹 褚天舒 | 2019 | 现代工业经济和信息化2019，9，1： | 0 |
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