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| 1 | 中国丝状真菌次级代谢分子调控研究进展显示文摘在目前已知的具有生物活性的微生物次级代谢物中约有50%是由丝状真菌产生的,其中包括人们所熟知的青霉素、环孢菌素A以及洛伐他汀等。鉴于丝状真菌次级代谢物在农业、医药和工业上的重要价值,它们的生物合成及其分子调控一直备受关注。丝状真菌次级代谢物的生物合成是一个复杂的过程,一般涉及多步酶学反应,该过程往往受到不同水平的调控。深入了解丝状真菌次级代谢的分子调控机制,可以为其产量的提高、新骨架化合物的发掘以及隐性次级代谢物的激活奠定重要的理论基础。本文以丝状真菌次级代谢分子调控为主线,重点介绍近40年来我国科研工作者在该领域取得的研究进展,并对这一领域未来的发展进行展望。 | 潘园园 刘钢 | 2018 | 遗传2018，40，10： | 12 |
| 2 | Characterization of a LAL-type regulator NemR in nemadectin biosynthesis and its application for increasing nemadectin production in Streptomyces cyaneogriseus显示文摘Nemadectin, a macrocyclic lactone antibiotic, is produced by Streptomyces cyaneogriseus ssp. noncyanogenus. A methoxime derivative of nemadectin, moxdectin, has been widely used to control insect and helminth in animal health. Despite the importance of nemadectin, little attention has been paid to the regulation of nemadectin biosynthesis, which has hindered efforts to improve nemadectin production via genetic manipulation of regulatory genes. Here, we characterize the function of nemR, the cluster-situated regulatory gene encoding a LAL-family transcriptional regulator, in the nemadectin biosynthesis gene cluster of S. cyaneogriseus ssp. noncyanogenus NMWT1. NemR is shown to be essential for nemadectin production and found to directly activate the transcription of nemA1-1/A1-2/A2, nemC and nemA4/A3/E/D operons, but indirectly activate that of nemG and nemF. A highly conserved sequence 5′-TGGGGTGKATAGGGGGTA-3′(K=T/G) is verified to be essential for NemR binding.Moreover, four novel targets of NemR, including genes encoding an SsgA-like protein(TU94_12730), a methylmalonyl-CoA mutase(TU94_19950), a thioesterase of oligomycin biosynthesis(TU94_22425) and a MFS family transporter(TU94_24835)are identified. Overexpression of nemR significantly increased nemadectin production by 79.9%, in comparison with NMWT1,suggesting that nemR plays an important role in the nemadectin biosynthesis. | Chuang Li Hairong He Jiabin Wang Hui Liu Haiyan Wang Yajie Zhu Xiangjing Wang Yanyan Zhang Wensheng Xiang | 2019 | Science China(Life Sciences)2019，62，3： | 6 |
| 3 | 棒曲霉素生物合成及分子调控研究进展显示文摘棒曲霉素是由青霉、曲霉和丝衣霉等丝状真菌产生的一类有毒的次级代谢产物,可对人类健康造成严重威胁。本文从棒曲霉素生物合成途径、生物合成相关基因及编码酶、分子调控等方面分别进行阐述,其中生物合成由棒曲霉素基因簇(Pat)所决定,包括15个基因(PatA^PatO),分别编码参与合成途径相关的催化酶、转录因子和转运蛋白等。反应起始于一分子乙酰辅酶A和三分子丙二酰辅酶A所合成的6-甲基水杨酸,其经脱羧、羟化后生成龙胆醛,再经一系列反应后转化成异环氧菌素、叶点霉素、E-ascladiol,并最终生成棒曲霉素。生物合成途径不但受到编码催化酶的关键基因、特异性转录调控因子(PatL)、全局性调控因子(LaeA、CreA、AreA)、pH值依赖性调控因子(PacC)和光调控因子(VeA、VelB)等的调控,还受到宿主自身因素的影响。本文旨在为谷物、蔬菜、水果及其制品中棒曲霉素防控和脱除提供理论参考。 | 王艳玲 郭小洁 张紊玮 尚敏敏 宗元元 毕阳 | 2020 | 食品科学2020，41，17： | 3 |
| 4 | 头孢菌素C的生物合成及其调控显示文摘基于头孢菌素C来源的头孢类抗生素是临床上广泛使用的抗感染药物.头孢菌素C由丝状真菌-顶头孢霉所产生.经过几十年的传统诱变育种,工业上头孢菌素C的产量已经有了大幅度的提高,然而人们对顶头孢霉形态分化、生理特性以及头孢菌素生物合成与调控的认识还相当有限.随着分子生物学以及组学技术的出现,人们对顶头孢霉的了解也逐渐深入,目前已基本阐明头孢菌素C的生物合成途径,并对其调控机制有了初步了解.就顶头孢霉中头孢菌素C的生物合成途径、分子调控机制以及生产菌株的理性改造等方面进行综述,希望能够帮助读者加深对本领域研究的了解,并对未来工作进行了展望. | 刘钢 | 2020 | 四川师范大学学报(自然科学版)2020，43，5： | 2 |
| 5 | Overexpression of the diguanylate cyclase CdgD blocks developmental transitions and antibiotic biosynthesis in Streptomyces coelicolor显示文摘Cyclic dimeric GMP(c-di-GMP)has emerged as the nucleotide second messenger regulating both development and antibiotic production in high-GC,Gram-positive streptomycetes.Here,a diguanylate cyclase(DGC),CdgD,encoded by SCO5345 from the model strain Streptomyces coelicolor,was functionally identified and characterized to be involved in c-di-GMP synthesis through genetic and biochemical analysis.cdgD overexpression resulted in significantly reduced production of actinorhodin and undecylprodigiosin,as well as completely blocked sporulation or aerial mycelium formation on two different solid media.In the cdgD-overexpression strain,intracellular c-di-GMP levels were 13-27-fold higher than those in the wild-type strain.In vitro enzymatic assay demonstrated that CdgD acts as a DGC,which could efficiently catalyze the synthesis of c-di-GMP from two GTP molecules.Heterologous overproduction of cdgD in two industrial Streptomyces strains could similarly impair developmental transitions as well as antibiotic biosynthesis.Collectively,our results combined with previously reported data clearly demonstrated that c-di-GMP-mediated signalling pathway plays a central and universal role in the life cycle as well as secondary metabolism in streptomycetes. | Xiaocao Liu Guosong Zheng Gang Wang Weihong Jiang Lei Li Yinhua Lu | 2019 | Science China(Life Sciences)2019，62，11： | 2 |
| 6 | Genetic mining of the “dark matter” in fungal natural products显示文摘Filamentous fungi are one of the major sources of natural products (NPs;which are also termed as secondary metabolites (SMs)) with diverse biological activities,which have been widely used in agriculture,industry,and pharmaceuticals.Fungi are the second largest species in nature,and their biodiversity implies genomic diversity,which,in turn,predicts the structural diversity of metabolites.In general,NPs can be classified as polyketides (PKs),nonribosomal peptides (NRPs),hybrid PK-NRPs,or terpenoids according to the types of their biosynthetic skeleton enzymes.These enzymes include polyketide synthases (PKSs),nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs),hybrid polyketide synthasenonribosomal peptide synthetases (PKS-NRPSs),and terpene synthases or terpene cyclases (TCs).A hallmark in fungal NP biosynthesis is that the relevant genes are usually arranged close to each other on the chromosome in what is called a biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC).Over 2,200 fungal genome sequences are publicly available because of the rapid development of genome sequencing technology and the launch of 1000 Fungal Genome Project by the Joint Genome Institute (JGI).Bioinformatics analyses confirm that the fungal genome has an abundance of BGCs.An NP “dark matter” treasure may be present in the fungal genome as over 90% of BGCs are unexplored,silent,or cryptic (He et al.,2018;Keller,2019).These data provide us an opportunity to search for fungal NPs using gene/genome as the starting point. | Wei Li Wen-Bing Yin | 2019 | Science China(Life Sciences)2019，62，9： | 1 |
| 7 | SCO3129,a TetR family regulator,is responsible for osmotic stress in Streptomyces coelicolor显示文摘Streptomyces are the soil-dwelling bacteria with a complex lifecycle and a considerable ability to produce a variety of secondary metabolites.Osmoregulation is important for their lifecycle in nature.In the genome of Streptomyces coelicolor M145,SCO3128(encodes a putative fatty acid desaturase),SCO3129(encodes a putative TetR family regulator)and SCO3130(encodes a putative L-carnitine dehydratase)constitute a transcriptional unit,and its transcript was found to be in response to osmotic stress.Disruption of SCO3130 led to a bald phenotype on MMG medium and the mycelia lysis on the edge of the colony when KCl/NaCl was added to the medium.These results indicated that SCO3130 is important for the osmotic stress resistance in S.coelicolor.Transcriptional analysis and electrophoretic mobility shift assays(EMSA)demonstrated that SCO3129 repressed the transcription of SCO3128-3130 operon through directly binding to the promoter region of SCO3128,indicating that SCO3129 regulates the transcription of SCO3128-3130 in response to osmotic stress. | Xihong He Hong Li Yuanyuan Pan Linqi Wang Huarong Tan Gang Liu | 2018 | Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology2018，3，4： | 1 |
| 8 | 玉米大斑病菌GATA转录因子氮源响应表达模式分析显示文摘GATA转录因子家族含有锌指蛋白保守结构域,能够识别并结合5'-(A/T)GATA(A/G)-3'基序,从而调控真核生物多种功能基因的转录及表达,与病原真菌的生长发育、氮源利用等密切相关。为探索玉米大斑病菌(Setosphaeria turcica)GATA转录因子家族功能,本研究利用Softberry数据库(http://linux1.softberry.com/berry.phtm)对玉米大斑病菌的GATA转录因子家族进行基因结构、保守结构域及启动子预测;利用qRT-PCR技术检测氮源浓度水平及种类对该家族成员基因转录水平的影响。结果表明,玉米大斑病菌GATA转录因子家族共有7个成员。与KNO3为氮源相比,在NH4Cl为唯一氮源的培养基中,菌丝生长速率加快且分生孢子产量降低了15倍左右,7个GATA转录因子转录水平上调2~4倍;与正常氮源水平的理查培养基相比,KNO3含量为0时,菌丝生长速率升高且分生孢子产量降低约10倍,同时,GATA转录因子均出现20~40倍的表达上调,说明氮限制条件下高度诱导了GATA转录因子的表达。以上结果初步明确了GATA转录因子对于氮代谢的响应,揭示了氮的有效性及GATA转录因子在玉米大斑病菌发育中的调控作用,为玉米大斑病的防治提供了新的思路。 | 王建霞 王擎 赵玉兰 李天聪 龙凤 朱行 申珅 郝志敏 | 2020 | 农业生物技术学报2020，28，7： | 0 |
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