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| 1 | Full-thickness tissue engineered skin constructed with autogenic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells显示文摘To explore the feasibility of repairing clinical cutaneous deficiency, autogenic bone marrow mesen-chymal stem cells (BMSCs) were isolated and differentiated into epidermal cells and fibroblasts in vitro supplemented with different inducing factors and biomaterials to construct functional tissue- engineered skin. The results showed that after 72 h induction, BMSCs displayed morphologic changes such as typical epidermal cell arrangement, from spindle shape to round or oval; tonofibrils, melano-somes and keratohyaline granules were observed under a transmission electronic microscope. The differentiated cells expressed epidermal stem cell surface marker CK19 (59.66% ± 4.2%) and epidermal cells differentiation marker CK10. In addition, the induced epidermal cells acquired the anti-radiation capacity featured by lowered apoptosis following exposure to UVB. On the other hand, the collagen microfibrils deposition was noticed under a transmission electronic microscope after differentiating into dermis fibroblasts; RT-PCR identified collagen type I mRNA expression in differentiated cells; radioimmunoassay detected the secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) (up to 115.06 pg/mL and 0.84 ng/mL, respectively). Further in vivo implanting BMSCs with scaffold material short-ened skin wound repair significantly. In one word, autogenic BMSCs have the potential to differentiate into epidermal cells and fibroblasts in vitro, and show clinical feasibility acting as epidermis-like and dermis-like seed cells in skin engineering. | HE LiJuan, NAN Xue, WANG YunFang, GUAN LiDong, BAI CiXian, SHI ShuangShuang, YUAN HongFeng, CHEN Lin, LIU DaQing & PEI XueTao Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China | 2007 | Science China(Life Sciences)2007，50，4： | 16 |
| 2 | Smart scaffolds in bone tissue engineering: A systematic review of literature显示文摘AIM: To improve osteogenic differentiation and attachment of cells.METHODS: An electronic search was conducted inPub Med from January 2004 to December 2013. Studies which performed smart modifications on conventional bone scaffold materials were included. Scaffolds with controlled release or encapsulation of bioactive molecules were not included. Experiments which did not investigate response of cells toward the scaffold(cell attachment, proliferation or osteoblastic differentiation) were excluded. RESULTS: Among 1458 studies, 38 met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The main scaffold varied extensively among the included studies. Smart modifications included addition of growth factors(group Ⅰ-11 studies), extracellular matrix-like molecules(group Ⅱ-13 studies) and nanoparticles(nano-HA)(group Ⅲ-17 studies). In all groups, surface coating was the most commonly applied approach for smart modification of scaffolds. In group I, bone morphogenetic proteins were mainly used as growth factor stabilized on polycaprolactone(PCL). In group Ⅱ, collagen 1 in combination with PCL, hydroxyapatite(HA) and tricalcium phosphate were the most frequent scaffolds used. In the third group, nano-HA with PCL and chitosan were used the most. As variable methods were used, a thorough and comprehensible compare between the results and approaches was unattainable.CONCLUSION: Regarding the variability in methodology of these in vitro studies it was demonstrated that smart modification of scaffolds can improve tissue properties. | Saeed Reza Motamedian Sepanta Hosseinpour Mitra Ghazizadeh Ahsaie Arash Khojasteh | 2015 | World Journal of Stem Cells2015，7，3： | 15 |
| 3 | Periosteum derived stem cells for regenerative medicine proposals: boosting current knowledge显示文摘Periosteum is a thin fibrous layer that covers most bones. It resides in a dynamic mechanically loaded environment and provides a niche for pluripotent cells and a source for molecular factors that modulate cell behaviour. Elucidating periosteum regenerative poten-tial has become a hot topic in orthopaedics. This review discusses the state of the art of osteochondral tissue engineering rested on periosteum derived progenitor cells(PDPCs) and suggests upcoming research direc-tions. Periosteal cells isolation, characterization and migration in the site of injury, as well as their differen-tiation, are analysed. Moreover, the role of cell mecha-nosensing and its contribution to matrix organization, bone microarchitecture and bone stenght is examined. In this regard the role of periostin and its upregulation under mechanical stress in order to preserve PDPC sur-vival and bone tissue integrity is contemplated. The re-view also summarized the role of the periosteum in the field of dentistry and maxillofacial reconstruction. The involvement of microRNAs in osteoblast differentiation and in endogenous tissue repair is explored as well. Fi-nally the novel concept of a guided bone regenerationbased on the use of periosteum itself as a smart mate-rial and the realization of constructs able to mimic the extracellular matrix features is talked out. Additionally, since periosteum can differentiate into insulin produc-ing cells it could be a suitable source in allogenic trans-plantations. That innovative applications would takeadvantage from investigations aimed to assess PDPCimmune privilege. | Concetta Ferretti Monica Mattioli-Belmonte | 2014 | World Journal of Stem Cells2014，6，3： | 10 |
| 4 | Current advances for bone regeneration based on tissue engineering strategies显示文摘Bone tissue engineering (BTE) is a rapidly developing strategy for repairing critical-sized bone defects to address the unmet need for bone augmentation and skeletal repair. Effective therapies for bone regeneration primarily require the coordinated combination of innovative scaffolds, seed cells, and biological factors. However, current techniques in bone tissue engineering have not yet reached valid translation into clinical applications because of several limitations, such as weaker osteogenic differentiation, inadequate vascularization of scaffolds, and inefficient growth factor delivery. Therefore, further standardized protocols and innovative measures are required to overcome these shortcomings and facilitate the clinical application of these techniques to enhance bone regeneration. Given the deficiency of comprehensive studies in the development in BTE, our review systematically introduces the new types of biomimetic and bifunctional scaffolds. We describe the cell sources, biology of seed cells, growth factors, vascular development, and the interactions of relevant molecules. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges and perspectives that may propel the direction of future clinical delivery in bone regeneration. | Rui Shi Yuelong Huang Chi Ma Chengai Wu Wei Tian | 2019 | Frontiers of Medicine2019，13，2： | 10 |
| 5 | Collagen-chitosan scaffold impregnated with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for treatment of traumatic brain injury显示文摘Combinations of biomaterials and cells can effectively target delivery of cells or other therapeutic factors to the brain to rebuild damaged nerve pathways after brain injury.Porous collagen-chitosan scaffolds were prepared by a freeze-drying method based on brain tissue engineering.The scaffolds were impregnated with rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.A traumatic brain injury rat model was established using the 300 g weight free fall impact method.Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells/collagen-chitosan scaffolds were implanted into the injured brain.Modified neurological severity scores were used to assess the recovery of neurological function.The Morris water maze was employed to determine spatial learning and memory abilities.Hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed to measure pathological changes in brain tissue.Immunohistochemistry was performed for vascular endothelial growth factor and for 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine(BrdU)/neuron specific enolase and BrdU/glial fibrillary acidic protein.Our results demonstrated that the transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and collagen-chitosan scaffolds to traumatic brain injury rats remarkably reduced modified neurological severity scores,shortened the average latency of the Morris water maze,increased the number of platform crossings,diminished the degeneration of damaged brain tissue,and increased the positive reaction of vascular endothelial growth factor in the transplantation and surrounding areas.At 14 days after transplantation,increased BrdU/glial fibrillary acidic protein expression and decreased BrdU/neuron specific enolase expression were observed in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in the injured area.The therapeutic effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and collagen-chitosan scaffolds was superior to stereotactic injection of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells alone.To test the biocompatibility and immunogenicity of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and collagen-chitosan scaffolds,immunosuppressive cyclosporine was intravenously injected 12 hours before transplantation and 1-5 days after transplantation.The above indicators were similar to those of rats treated with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and collagen-chitosan scaffolds only.These findings indicate that transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in a collagen-chitosan scaffold can promote the recovery of neuropathological injury in rats with traumatic brain injury.This approach has the potential to be developed as a treatment for traumatic brain injury in humans.All experimental procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Investigation Committee of Capital Medical University,China(approval No.AEEI-2015-035)in December 2015. | Feng Yan Ming Li Hong-Qi Zhang Gui-Lin Li Yang Hua Ying Shen Xun-Ming Ji Chuan-Jie Wu Hong An Ming Ren | 2019 | Neural Regeneration Research2019，14，10： | 9 |
| 6 | Utility of tricalcium phosphate and osteogenic matrix cell sheet constructs for bone defect reconstruction显示文摘AIM: To determine the effects of transplanting osteogenic matrix cell sheets and beta-tricalcium phosphate(TCP) constructs on bone formation in bone defects.METHODS: Osteogenic matrix cell sheets were prepared from bone marrow stromal cells(BMSCs), and a porous TCP ceramic was used as a scaffold. Three experimental groups were prepared, comprised of TCP scaffolds(1) seeded with BMSCs;(2) wrapped with osteogenic matrix cell sheets; or(3) both. Constructs were implanted into a femoral defect model in rats and bone growth was evaluated by radiography, histology, biochemistry, and mechanical testing after 8 wk. RESULTS: In bone defects, constructs implanted with cell sheets showed callus formation with segmentalor continuous bone formation at 8 wk, in contrast to TCP seeded with BMSCs, which resulted in bone nonunion. Wrapping TCP constructs with osteogenic matrix cell sheets increased their osteogenic potential and resulting bone formation, compared with conventional bone tissue engineering TCP scaffolds seeded with BMSCs. The compressive stiffness(mean ± SD) values were 225.0 ± 95.7, 30.0 ± 11.5, and 26.3 ± 10.6 MPa for BMSC/TCP/Sheet constructs with continuous bone formation, BMSC/TCP/Sheet constructs with segmental bone formation, and BMSC/TCP constructs, respectively. The compressive stiffness of BMSC/TCP/Sheet constructs with continuous bone formation was significantly higher than those with segmental bone formation and BMSC/TCP constructs.CONCLUSION: This technique is an improvement over current methods, such as TCP substitution, and is useful for hard tissue reconstruction and inducing earlier bone union in defects. | Tomoyuki Ueha Manabu Akahane Takamasa Shimizu Yoshinobu Uchihara Yusuke Morita Naoya Nitta Akira Kido Yusuke Inagaki Kenji Kawate Yasuhito Tanaka | 2015 | World Journal of Stem Cells2015，7，5： | 7 |
| 7 | Hybrid polymer biomaterials for bone tissue regeneration显示文摘Native tissues possess unparalleled physiochemical and biological functions, which can be attributed to their hybrid polymer composition and intrinsic bioactivity. However, there are also various concerns or limitations over the use of natural materials derived from animals or cadavers, including the potential immunogenicity, pathogen transmission, batch to batch consistence and mismatch in properties for various applications. Therefore, there is an increasing interest in developing degradable hybrid polymer biomaterials with controlled properties for highly efficient biomedical applications. There have been efforts to mimic the extracellular protein structure such as nanofibrous and composite scaffolds, to functionalize scaffold surface for improved cellular interaction, to incorporate controlled biomolecule release capacity to impart biological signaling, and to vary physical properties of scaffolds to regulate cellular behavior. In this review, we highlight the design and synthesis of degradable hybrid polymer biomaterials and focus on recent developments in osteoconductive, elastomeric, photoluminescent and electroactive hybrid polymers. The review further exemplifies their applications for bone tissue regeneration. | Bo Lei Baolin Guo Kunal J.Rambhia Peter X.Ma | 2019 | Frontiers of Medicine2019，13，2： | 3 |
| 8 | WJSC 6^(th) Anniversary Special Issues(2):Mesenchymal stem cellsAdipose mesenchymal stem cells in the field of bone tissue engineering显示文摘Bone tissue engineering represents one of the most challenging emergent fields for scientists and clinicians.Current failures of autografts and allografts in many pathological conditions have prompted researchers to find new biomaterials able to promote bone repair or regeneration with specific characteristics of biocompatibility,biodegradability and osteoinductivity.Recent advancements for tissue regeneration in bone defects have occurred by following the diamond concept and combining the use of growth factors and mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs).In particular,a more abundant and easily accessible source of MSCs was recently discovered in adipose tissue.These adipose stem cells(ASCs)can be obtained in large quantities with little donor site morbidity or patient discomfort,in contrast to the invasive and painful isolation of bone marrow MSCs.The osteogenic potential of ASCs on scaffolds has been examined in cell cultures and animal models,with only a few cases reporting the use of ASCs for successful reconstruction or accelerated healing of defects of the skull and jaw in patients.Although these reports extend our limited knowledge concerning the use of ASCs for osseous tissue repair and regeneration,the lack of standardization in applied techniques makes the comparison between studies difficult.Additional clinical trials are needed to assess ASC therapy and address potential ethical and safety concerns,which must be resolved to permit application in regenerative medicine. | Cecilia Romagnoli Maria Luisa Brandi | 2014 | World Journal of Stem Cells2014，6，2： | 3 |
| 9 | Antibacterial and biocompatible properties of vancomycin-loaded nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen/poly(lactic acid) bone substitute显示文摘Infected bone defects are normally regarded as contraindications for bone grafting.In the present study,an antibacterial bone graft substitute was synthesized by loading vancomycin(VCM) in our previously developed mineralized collagen based composite,nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen/poly(lactic acid)(nHAC/PLA),aiming to repair large size bone defects and inhibit related infections simultaneously.The VCM/nHAC/PLA showed typical porous structure with a porosity of(80.7± 6.7)%and compressive strength of 1.52 MPa.The delivery of VCM from VCM/nHAC/PLA was detected in vitro for up to 4weeks.And their antibacterial properties were determined using inhibition ratio assay and inhibition zone assay.Pretty high level of inhibition ratio(more than 99%) was obtained in VCM/nHAC/PLA group.Additionally,a distinct inhibition zone was clearly formed in Staphylococcus aureus bacterium incubation dish with VCM/nHAC/PLA disc for up to 18 days of incubation.Moreover,both of the nHAC/PLA composites with or without VCM exhibited favorable in vitro and in vivo biocompatibilities for rabbit marrow stromal cells(MSCs) adhesion,spreading,proliferation,and triggering no obvious inflammation responses in subcutaneous implantation.Our results suggested that the VCM/nHAC/PLA performed ideal antibacterial property and biocompatibility and has great promise for the treatment of bone defect-related infections in orthopedic surgeries. | Xiaojie Lian Huanye Liu Xiumei Wang Suju Xu Fuzhai Cui Xizhuang Bai | 2013 | Progress in Natural Science:Materials International2013，23，6： | 2 |
| 10 | Design and Simulation of Flow Field for Bone Tissue Engineering Sca old Based on Triply Periodic Minimal Surface显示文摘A novel method was proposed to design the structure of a bone tissue engineering scafold based on triply periodic minimal surface.In this method,reverse engineering software was used to reconstruct the surface from point cloud data.This method overcomes the limitations of commercially available software packages that prevent them from generating models with complex surfaces used for bone tissue engineering scafolds.Additionally,the fluid feld of the scafolds was simulated through a numerical method based on fnite volume and the cell proliferation performance was evaluated via an in vitro experiment.The cell proliferation and the mass flow evaluated in a bioreactor further verifed the flow feld simulated using computational fluid dynamics.The result of this study illustrates that the pressure value drops rapidly from 0.103 Pa to 0.011 Pa in the y-axis direction and the mass flow is unevenly distributed in the outlets.The mass flow in the side outlets is observed to be approximately 24.3 times higher thanthe bottom.Importantly,although the mean value of wall shear stress is signifcantly more than 0.05 Pa,there is stil a large area with a suitable shear stress below 0.05 Pa where most cells can proliferate well.The result shows that th inlet velocity 0.0075 m/s is suitable for cell proliferation in the scafold.This study provides an insight into the design analysis,and in vitro experiment of a bone tissue engineering scafold. | Zhen Wang Chuanzhen Huang Jun Wang Peng Wang Shisheng Bi Ch Asad Abbas | 2019 | Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering2019，32，2： | 2 |
| 11 | Polycaprolactone-carboxymethyl cellulose composites for manufacturing porous scaffolds by material extrusion显示文摘Polycaprolactone-carboxymethyl cellulose composites have been obtained and used to print porous structures by material extrusion.The materials used contained 0,2 and 5% w/w of the carboxymethyl cellulose additive.These structures have been analyzed in terms of their morphology (including the evaluation of their porosity),mechanical properties under compression load and cell affinity.Cell affinity has been evaluated by culturing sheep mesenchymal stem cells and analyzing their viability by the Alamar Blue(R)assay at days 1,3,6 and 8.The results show that composites samples have similar values of porosity and apparent density than pure polycaprolactone ones.However,samples containing 5%w/w of carboxymethyl cellulose have micropores on the filaments due to a hindered deposition process.This characteristic affects the mechanical properties of the structures,so these ones have a mean compression modulus significantly lower than pure polycaprolactone scaffolds.However, the samples containing 2%w/w of carboxymethyl cellulose show no significant difference with the pure polycaprolactone ones in terms of their mechanical properties.Moreover,the presence of 2%w/w of additive improves cell proliferation on the surface of the porous structures.As complementary information,the flow properties of the composite materials were studied and the power law equations at 210℃ obtained,as this temperature was the 3D printing temperature.These equations can be useful for simulation and designing purposes of other manufacturing processes. | M.E.Aleman-Domfnguez Z.Ortega A.N.Benitez Mario Monzon L.V.Garzon Sara Ajami Chaozong Liu | 2018 | Bio-Design and Manufacturing2018，1，4： | 2 |
| 12 | 3D Nanocomposite Hydrogel Scaffolds Fabricated by Rapid Prototyping for Bone Tissue Engineering显示文摘Colloidal gels made of oppositely charged nanoparticles are a novel class of hydrogels and can exhibit pseudoplastic behavior which will enable them to mold easily into specific shapes.These moldable gels can be used as building blocks to self-assemble into integral scaffolds from bottom to up through electrostatic forces.However,they are too weak to maintain scaffold morphology just depending on interparticle interactions such as Van der Waals attraction and electrostatic forces especially for bone tissue engineering.In this study,oppositely charged gelatin nanoparticles were firstly prepared by two-step desolvation method,followed by the mixture with water to form colloid gels.To solve the problem of weak mechanical performance of colloid gels, gelatin macromolecules were introduced into the prepared gels to form blend gels.The blend gels can be easily processed into three-dimensional( 3D) porous scaffolds via motor assisted microsyringe( MAM)system,a nozzle-based rapid prototyping technology,under mild conditions.After fabrication the scaffolds were crosslinked by glutaraldehyde( GA,25% solution in water by weight),then the crosslinked gelatin macromolecules network could form to improve the mechanical properties of colloid gels.The average particle size and zeta potential of gelatin nanoparticles were measured by NanoZS instrument.The morphology and microstructures of scaffolds were characterized by macroscopic images.The mechanical properties of the scaffolds were studied by a universal material testing machine. | 许杜亮 张建光 莫秀梅 | 2014 | Journal of Donghua University(English Edition)2014，31，5： | 1 |
| 13 | Towards a Medium/High Load-Bearing Scaffold Fabrication System显示文摘This paper describes fabrication of scaffolds for load-bearing applications, with primary consideration from the manufacturing perspective. An extrusion device, inspired by the FDM process, was used to create scaffolds from a variety of different polymeric materials and mixtures. The effectiveness of these scaffolds to host cells for bone regeneration has been investigated. This ongoing work has generated significant insight into the future direction of research and the possibilities of developing scaffolds for medium/high load-bearing applications. | GIBSON Ian SAVALANI Monica M LAM Christopher X F OLKOWSKI Radoslow EKAPUTRA Andrew K TAN Kim Cheng HUTMACHER Dietmar W | 2009 | Tsinghua Science and Technology2009，14，S1： | 0 |
| 14 | Advances in tissue engineering | 刘伟 商庆新 崔垒 汪铮 曹谊林 | 2001 | Progress in Natural Science:Materials International2001，11，10： | 0 |
| 15 | Preventing bacterial adhesion on scaffolds for bone tissue engineering显示文摘Bone implant infection constitutes a major sanitary concern which is associated to high morbidity and health costs.This manuscript focused on overviewing the main research efforts committed up to date to develop innovative alternatives to conventional treatments,such as those with antibiotics.These strategies mainly rely on chemical modifications of the surface of biomaterials,such as providing it of zwitterionic nature,and tailoring the nanostructure surface of metal implants.These surface modifications have successfully allowed inhibition of bacterial adhesion,which is the first step to implant infection,and preventing long-term biofilm formation compared to pristine materials.These strategies could be easily applied to provide three-dimensional(3D)scaffolds based on bioceramics and metals,of which its manufacture using rapid prototyping techniques was reviewed.This opens the gates for the design and development of advanced 3D scaffolds for bone tissue engineering to prevent bone implant infections. | Sandra Sánchez-Salcedo Montserrat Colilla Isabel Izquierdo-Barba María Vallet-Regí | 2016 | International Journal of Bioprinting2016，2，1： | 0 |
| 16 | Mineralized Composite Nanofibrous Mats for Bone Tissue Engineering显示文摘Composite nanofibrous mats consisting of poly( L-lactideco-ε-caprolactone)( PLCL) and collagen type I( COL) were fabricated by electrospinning,and ten times simulated body fluid(10SBF) were employed to mineralize nanofibrous mats. Ballshaped hydroxyapatite( HA) was deposited on the surface of nanofibrous mats in 1. 5 h at room temperature. Human fetal osteoblasts( hFob) were seeded to investigate their proliferation and differentiation on mineralized composite nanofibrous mats. The results showed that hFob grew well on mineralized composite nanofibrous mats and alkaline phosphatase( ALP) activity of hFob on mineralized composite nanofibrous mats at 14 d was much higher than that on untreated nanofibrous mats. Moreover,the expression of osteocalcin of cells on mineralized composite nanofibrous mats was also much higher than those on untreated nanofibrous mats at 7 d and 14 d. This mineralized composite nanofibrous mats may have a great potential for bone tissue engineering. | 刘威 詹建朝 吴桐 苏艳 莫秀梅 廖素三 RAMAKRISHNA Seeram | 2013 | Journal of Donghua University(English Edition)2013，30，5： | 0 |
| 17 | Electrospun Nanofibers of Hydroxyapatite / Collagen / Chitosan Promote Osteogenic Differentiation of BMSCs显示文摘Bone tissue engineering, aiming at developing bone substitutes for repair and regeneration of bone defects instead of using autologous bone grafts,has attracted wide attention in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.Developing biomimetic biomaterial scaffolds able to regulate osteogenic differentiation of stem cells could be a promising strategy to improve the therapeutic efficacy.In this study, electrospun composite nanofibers of hydroxyapatite / collagen / chitosan( HAp / Col / CTS)resembling the fibrous nanostructure and constituents of the hierarchically organized natural bone,were prepared to investigate their capacity for promoting bone mesenchymal stem cells( BMSCs)to differentiate into the osteogenic lineage in the absence and presence of the osteogenic supplementation, respectively.Cell morphology,proliferation and quantified specific osteogenic protein expression on the electrospun HAp / Col / CTS scaffolds were evaluated in comparison with different controls including electrospun nanofibrous CTS,HAp / CTS and tissue culture plate.Our results showed that the nanofibrous HAp / Col / CTS scaffolds supported better spreading and proliferation of the BMSCs than other substrates( P < 0.01).Expressions of osteogenesis protein markers,alkaline phosphatase( ALP) and Col,were significantly upregulated on the HAp / Col / CTS than those on the CTS( P < 0.01) and HAp /CTS( P < 0.05) scaffolds in the absence of the osteogenic supplementation.Moreover,presence of osteogenic supplementation also proved to enhance osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs on HAp /Col / CTS scaffolds, indicative of a synergistic effect.This study highlights the potential of BMSCs / HAp / Col / CTS cell-scaffold system for functional bone repair and regeneration applications. | 谢静 娄向新 王先流 杨亮亮 张彦中 | 2014 | Journal of Donghua University(English Edition)2014，31，5： | 0 |
| 18 | Bone regeneration with adipose derived stem cells in a rabbit model显示文摘It has been shown that stem cells are able to calcify both in vitro and in vivo once implanted under the skin, if conveniently differentiated. Nowadays, however, a study on their efficiency in osseous regeneration does not exist in scientific literature and this very task is the real aim of the present experimentation. Five different defects of 6 mm in diameter and 2 mm in depth were created in the calvaria of 8 white New Zealand rabbits. Four defects were regenerated using 2 different conveniently modified scaffolds(Bio-Oss Block and Bio-Oss Collagen, Geistlich),with and without the aid of stem cells. After the insertion, the part was covered with a collagen membrane fixed by 5 modified titan pins(Altapin). The defect in the front was left empty on purpose as an internal control to each animal.Two animals were sacrificed respectively after 2, 4, 6, 10 weeks. The samples were evaluated with micro-CT and histological analysis. Micro-CT analysis revealed that the quantity of new bone for samples with Bio-Oss Block and stem cells was higher than for samples with Bio-Oss Block alone. Histological analysis showed that regeneration occurred in an optimal way in every sample treated with scaffolds. The findings indicated that the use of adult stem cells combined with scaffolds accelerated some steps in normal osseous regeneration. | Michele Maglione Enrico Salvador Maria E.Ruaro Mauro Melato Giuliana Tromba Daniele Angerame Lorenzo Bevilacqua | 2019 | The Journal of Biomedical Research2019，33，1： | 0 |
| 19 | Design and Fabrication of Manual Bone Scaffolds via Rapid Prototyping显示文摘Biomaterials,β-TCP (β-tricalcium phosphate),and polymeric blends were used on a selective laser sintering (SLS) system,a kind of rapid prototyping machine,to produce some scaffold specimens which were designed with CAD (Computer Aided Design) software according to bone tissue engineering scaffold characteristics and properties. The scaffolds were produced with a pore size 800μm,and regular geometrical cylinder or sphere pores,depending on the processing. Then the specimens were treated by high temperature to assess their suitability on SLS processing. Their microstructures which had been investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) exhibited fully interconnected pore which had a range size 500-800μm. X-ray diffraction analysis performed after high temperature treatment showed that β-TCP did not change. The porosity checked was about 71.29%. And the treated scaffolds could be provided an inter-connective network for the circulation of tissue fluid and hence sped up osteogenesis. | HU Qingxi,HUANG Xianxu,LIN Liulan,FANG Minglun (Rapid Manufacturing Engineering Center,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China) | 2006 | 武汉理工大学学报2006，28，S1： | 0 |
| 20 | Effect of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates) as natural polymers on mesenchymal stem cells显示文摘Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)are stromal multipotent stem cells that can differentiate into multiple cell types,including fibroblasts,osteoblasts,chondrocytes,adipocytes,and myoblasts,thus allowing them to contribute to the regeneration of various tissues,especially bone tissue.MSCs are now considered one of the most promising cell types in the field of tissue engineering.Traditional petri dish-based culture of MSCs generate heterogeneity,which leads to inconsistent efficacy of MSC applications.Biodegradable and biocompatible polymers,poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates)(PHAs),are actively used for the manufacture of scaffolds that serve as carriers for MSC growth.The growth and differentiation of MSCs grown on PHA scaffolds depend on the physicochemical properties of the polymers,the 3D and surface microstructure of the scaffolds,and the biological activity of PHAs,which was discovered in a series of investigations.The mechanisms of the biological activity of PHAs in relation to MSCs remain insufficiently studied.We suggest that this effect on MSCs could be associated with the natural properties of bacteria-derived PHAs,especially the most widespread representative poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)(PHB).This biopolymer is present in the bacteria of mammalian microbiota,whereas endogenous poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)is found in mammalian tissues.The possible association of PHA effects on MSCs with various biological functions of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)in bacteria and eukaryotes,including in humans,is discussed in this paper. | Vera Voinova Garina Bonartseva Anton Bonartsev | 2019 | World Journal of Stem Cells2019，11，10： | 0 |
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