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1De Novo Domestication:An Alternative Route toward New Crops for the Future显示文摘Current global agricultural production must feed over 7 billion people.However,productivity varies greatly across the globe and is under threat from both increased competitions for land and climate change and associated environmental deterioration.Moreover,the increase in human population size and dietary changes are putting an ever greater burden on agriculture.The majority of this burden is met by the cultivation of a very small number of species,largely in locations that differ from their origin of domestication.Recent technological advances have raised the possibility of de novo domestication of wild plants as a viable solution for designing ideal crops while maintaining food security and a more sustainable lowinput agriculture.Here we discuss how the discovery of multiple key domestication genes alongside the development of technologies for accurate manipulation of several target genes simultaneously renders de novo domestication a route toward crops for the future.Alisdair R.Fernie Jianbing Yan 2019Molecular Plant2019,12,5:32
2Carotenoid metabolism and regulation in horticultural crops显示文摘Carotenoids are a diverse group of pigments widely distributed in nature.The vivid yellow,orange,and red colors of many horticultural crops are attributed to the overaccumulation of carotenoids,which contribute to a critical agronomic trait for flowers and an important quality trait for fruits and vegetables.Not only do carotenoids give horticultural crops their visual appeal,they also enhance nutritional value and health benefits for humans.As a result,carotenoid research in horticultural crops has grown exponentially over the last decade.These investigations have advanced our fundamental understanding of carotenoid metabolism and regulation in plants.In this review,we provide an overview of carotenoid biosynthesis,degradation,and accumulation in horticultural crops and highlight recent achievements in our understanding of carotenoid metabolic regulation in vegetables,fruits,and flowers.Hui Yuan Junxiang Zhang Divyashree Nageswaran Li Li 2015Horticulture Research2015,2,1:32
3Development of japonica Photo-Sensitive Genic Male Sterile Rice Lines by Editing Carbon Starved Anther Using CRISPR/Cas9显示文摘Rice is one of the most important crops as it supports over25%of total caloric intake for humans(Kusano et al.,2015).The world population reached 7.3 billion in 2015 and is projected to reach 8.5 billion in 2030(Word Population Prospects:2015 Revision).To meet the food demands for the everincreasing population with limited arable land,scarceQuanlin Li Dabing Zhang Mingjiao Chen Wanqi Liang Jiaojun Wei Yiping Qi Zheng Yuan 2016Journal of Genetics and Genomics2016,43,6:26
4Effects of heavy metal pollution on farmland soils and crops:A case study of the Xiaoqinling Gold Belt,China显示文摘This paper focuses on the heavy metal enrichment and heavy metal pollution degree associated with mining activities in some crops and the soils of different parent materials in the Xiaoqinling Gold Belt.According to the geochemical analysis results of the soils observed in the gold belt,the soils are most highly enriched in Pb,followed by Cr,Cu,and Zn.Furthermore,they are relatively poor in Hg,Cd,and As.It is also shown that the heavy metals in all kinds of soils have the same geochemical characteristics in the gold belt.As for the crops(such as corn and wheat)in the gold belt,Zn and Cu are the most abundant elements,followed by Pb and Cr.Meanwhile,Hg,Cd,and As were found to have relatively low concentrations in the crops.The heavy metals in wheat and corn have the same geochemical characteristics in the gold belt in general.Compared to the aeolian loess soils and the crops therein,heavy metals are more enriched in diluvial and alluvial soils and the crops therein.As shown by relevant studies,the Hg,Pb,Cd,Cu,and Zn pollution are mainly caused by mining activities.Corn and wheat in the gold belt have a high tendency of risk exposure to heavy metal pollution since they are mostly affected by mining activities and feature high background values of heavy metal concentrations.Furthermore,wheat is more liable to be enriched in heavy metals than corn is grown in all types of soils.The Hg pollution in soils leads to Hg accumulation,increasing the risk of Hg uptake in crops,and further affecting human health.This study will provide a scientific basis for the control and management of heavy metals in farmland soils of mining areas.Rui-ping Liu You-ning Xu Jiang-hua Zhang Wen-ke Wang Rafaey M Elwardany 2020China Geology2020,3,3:19
5Breeding better cultivars,faster:applications of new technologies for the rapid deployment of superior horticultural tree crops显示文摘Woody perennial plants,including trees that produce fruits and nuts of horticultural value,typically have long breeding cycles,and development and introduction of improved cultivars by plant breeders may require many breeding cycles and dozens of years.However,recent advances in biotechnologies and genomics have the potential to accelerate cultivar development greatly in all crops.This mini-review summarizes approaches to reduce the number and the duration of breeding cycles for horticultural tree crops,and outlines the challenges that remain to implement these into efficient breeding pipelines.Steve van Nocker Susan E Gardiner 2014Horticulture Research2014,1,1:19
6Accuracy and responses of genomic selection on key traits in apple breeding显示文摘The application of genomic selection in fruit tree crops is expected to enhance breeding eficiency by increasing prediction accuracy,increasing selection intensity and decreasing generation interval.The objectives of this study were to assess the accuracy of prediction and selection response in commercial apple breeding programmes for key traits.The training population comprised 977 individuals derived from 20 pedigreed fllsib families.Historic phenotypic data were available on 10 traits related to productivity and fruit external appearance and genotypic data for 7829 SNPs obtained with an llumina 20K SNP array.From these data,a genome-wide prediction model was built and subsequently used to calculate genomic breeding values of five application fllsib families.The application families had genotypes at 364 SNPs from a dedicated 512 SNP array,and these genotypic data were extended to the high-density level by imputation.These five families were phenotyped for 1 year and their phenotypes were compared to the predicted breeding values.Accuracy of genomic prediction across the 10 traits reached a maximum value of 0.5 and had a median value of 0.19.The accuracies were strongly affected by the phenotypic distribution and heritability of traits.In the largest family,significant selection response was observed for traits with high heritability and symmetric phenotypic distribution.Traits that showed non-significant response often had reduced and skewed phenotypic variation or low heritability.Among the five application families the accuracies were uncorrelated to the degree of relatedness to the training population.The results underline the potential of genomic prediction to accelerate breeding progress in outbred fruit tree crops that still need to overcome long generation intervals and extensive phenotyping costs.Hélène Muranty Michela Troggio Inès Ben Sadok Mehdi Al Rifaï Annemarie Auwerkerken Elisa Banchi Riccardo Velasco Piergiorgio Stevanato W.Eric van de Weg Mario Di Guardo Satish Kumar François Laurens Marco C.A.M.Bink 2015Horticulture Research2015,2,1:14
7Effect of various crop rotations on rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency in paddy–upland systems in southeastern China显示文摘To evaluate the effects of various rotation systems on rice grain yield and N use efficiency, a paddy–upland cropping experiment(2013–2016) was conducted in southeastern China. The experiment was designed using six different rice––winter crop rotations: rice–fallow(RF),rice–wheat(RW), rice–potato with rice straw mulch(RP), rice–green manure(Chinese milk vetch; RC–G), rice–oilseed rape(RO), and rice–green manure crop(oilseed rape with fresh straw incorporated into soil at flowering; RO–G) and three N rates, N0(0 kg N ha-1), N1(142.5 kg N ha-1), and N2(202.5 kg N ha-1). Average rice yields in the RF(5.93 t ha-1) rotation were significantly lower than those in the rotations with winter crops(7.20–7.48 t ha-1)under the N0 treatment, suggesting that incorporation of straw might be more effective for increasing soil N than winter fallow. The rice yield differences among the rotations varied by year with the N input. In general, the grain yields in the RP and RO–G rotations –were respectively 11.6–28.5% and 14.80–37.19% higher than those in the RF in plots with N applied. Increasing the N rate may have tended to minimize the average yield gap between the RF and the other rotations; the yield gaps were 18.55%, 4.14%, and 0.23% in N0, N1, and N2, respectively. However, the N recovery efficiency in the RF was significantly lower than that in other rotations, except for 2015 under both N1 and N2 rates, a finding that implies a large amount of chemical N loss. No significant differences in nitrogen agronomic efficiency(NAE) and physiological efficiency(NPE) were found between the rotations with legume(RC–G) and non–legume(RO and RW) winter crops, a result that may be due partly to straw incorporation. For this reason, we concluded that the return of straw could reduce differences in N use efficiency between rotations with and without legume crops. The degree of synchrony between the crop N demand and the N supply was evaluated by comparison of nitrogen balance degree(NBD) values. The NBD values in the RP and RW were significantly lower than those in the other rotations under both N1 and N2 rates. Thus,in view of the higher grain yield in the RP compared to the RW under the N1 rate, the RP rotation might be a promising practice with comparable grain yield and greater N use efficiency under reduced N input relative to the other rotations. The primary yield components of the RF and RP were identified as number of panicles m-2 and numbers of kernels panicle-1, respectively. The NAE and NPE were positively correlated with harvest index, possibly providing a useful indicator for evaluating N use efficiency.Song Chen Shaowen Liu Xi Zheng Min Yin Guang Chu Chunmei Xu Jinxiang Yan Liping Chen Danying Wang Xiufu Zhang 2018The Crop Journal2018,6,6:13
8Exploring the molecular basis of heterosis for plant breeding显示文摘Since approximate a century ago, many hybrid crops have been continually developed by crossing two inbred varieties. Owing to heterosis(hybrid vigor) in plants, these hybrids often have superior agricultural performances in yield or disease resistance succeeding their inbred parental lines. Several classical hypotheses have been proposed to explain the genetic causes of heterosis. During recent years, many new genetics and genomics strategies have been developed and used for the identifications of heterotic genes in plants. Heterotic effects of the heterotic loci and molecular functions of the heterotic genes are being investigated in many plants such as rice, maize, sorghum, Arabidopsis and tomato.More and more data and knowledge coming from the molecular studies of heterotic loci and genes will serve as a valuable resource for hybrid breeding by molecular design in future. This review aims to address recent advances in our understanding of the genetic and molecular mechanisms of heterosis in plants. The remaining scientific questions on the molecular basis of heterosis and the potential applications in breeding are also proposed and discussed.Jie Liu Mengjie Li Qi Zhang Xin Wei Xuehui Huang 2020Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2020,62,3:13
9CRISPR technology is revolutionizing the improvement of tomato and other fruit crops显示文摘Fruits are major sources of essential nutrients and serve as staple foods in some areas of the world.The increasing human population and changes in climate experienced worldwide make it urgent to the production of fruit crops with high yield and enhanced adaptation to the environment,for which conventional breeding is unlikely to meet the demand.Fortunately,clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat(CRISPR)technology paves the way toward a new horizon for fruit crop improvement and consequently revolutionizes plant breeding.In this review,the mechanism and optimization of the CRISPR system and its application to fruit crops,including resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses,fruit quality improvement,and domestication are highlighted.Controversies and future perspectives are discussed as well.Tian Wang Hongyan Zhang Hongliang Zhu 2019Horticulture Research2019,6,1:13
10Genome-editing technologies and their potential application in horticultural crop breeding显示文摘Plant breeding,one of the oldest agricultural activities,parallels human civilization.Many crops have been domesticated to satisfy human's food and aesthetical needs,including numerous specialty horticultural crops such as fruits,vegetables,ornamental flowers,shrubs,and trees.Crop varieties originated through selection during early human civilization.Other technologies,such as various forms of hybridization,mutation,and transgenics,have also been invented and applied to crop breeding over the past centuries.The progress made in these breeding technologies,especially the modern biotechnology-based breeding technologies,has had a great impact on crop breeding as well as on our lives.Here,we first review the developmental process and applications of these technologies in horticultural crop breeding.Then,we mainly describe the principles of the latest genome-editing technologies and discuss their potential applications in the genetic improvement of horticultural crops.The advantages and challenges of genome-editing technologies in horticultural crop breeding are also discussed.Jin-Song Xiong Jing Ding Yi Li 2015Horticulture Research2015,2,1:12
11DNA-informed breeding of rosaceous crops: promises, progress and prospects显示文摘Crops of the Rosaceae family provide valuable contributions to rural economies and human health and enjoyment.Sustained solutions to production challenges and market demands can be met with genetically improved new cultivars.Traditional rosaceous crop breeding is expensive and time-consuming and would benefit from improvements in efficiency and accuracy.Use of DNA information is becoming conventional in rosaceous crop breeding,contributing to many decisions and operations,but only after past decades of solved challenges and generation of sufficient resources.Successes in deployment of DNA-based knowledge and tools have arisen when the‘chasm’between genomics discoveries and practical application is bridged systematically.Key steps are establishing breeder desire for use of DNA information,adapting tools to local breeding utility,identifying efficient application schemes,accessing effective services in DNA-based diagnostics and gaining experience in integrating DNA information into breeding operations and decisions.DNA-informed germplasm characterization for revealing identity and relatedness has benefitted many programs and provides a compelling entry point to reaping benefits of genomics research.DNA-informed germplasm evaluation for predicting trait performance has enabled effective reallocation of breeding resources when applied in pioneering programs.DNA-based diagnostics is now expanding from specific loci to genome-wide considerations.Realizing the full potential of this expansion will require improved accuracy of predictions,multi-trait DNA profiling capabilities,streamlined breeding information management systems,strategies that overcome plant-based features that limit breeding progress and widespread training of current and future breeding personnel and allied scientists.Cameron P Peace 2017Horticulture Research2017,4,1:11
12Identification of Conserved Cotton MicroRNAs and Their Targets显示文摘No study has been performed on identifying microRNAs(miRNAs) and their targets in cotton although cotton is one of the most important fiber and economic crops around the world.In this study,ZHANG Bao-hong1,WANG Qing-lian2(1.Department of Biology,East Carolina University,Greenville,NC 27858,USA 2.Henan Institute of Science and Technology,Xinxiang,Henan 453003,China) 2008棉花学报2008,20,S1:10
13The Ghd7 transcription factor represses ARE1 expression to enhance nitrogen utilization and grain yield in rice显示文摘The genetic improvement of nitrogen use efficiency(NUE)of crops is vital for grain productivity and sustainable agriculture.However,the regulatory mechanism of NUE remains largely elusive.Here,we report that the rice Grain number,plant height,and heading date7(Ghd7)gene genetically acts upstream of ABC1 REPRESSOR1(ARE1),a negative regulator of NUE,to positively regulate nitrogen utilization.As a transcriptional repressor,Ghd7 directly binds to two Evening Element-like motifs in the promoter and intron 1 of ARE1,likely in a cooperative manner,to repress its expression.Ghd7 and ARE1 display diurnal expression patterns in an inverse oscillation manner,mirroring a regulatory scheme based on these two loci.Analysis of a panel of 2656 rice varieties suggests that the elite alleles of Ghd7 and ARE1 have undergone diversifying selection during breeding.Moreover,the allelic distribution of Ghd7 and ARE1 is associated with the soil nitrogen deposition rate in East Asia and South Asia.Remarkably,the combination of the Ghd7 and ARE1 elite alleles substantially improves NUE and yield performance under nitrogen-limiting conditions.Collectively,these results define a Ghd7–ARE1-based regulatory mechanism of nitrogen utilization,providing useful targets for genetic improvement of rice NUE.Qing Wang Qingmei Su Jinqiang Nian Jian Zhang Meng Guo Guojun Dong Jiang Hu Rongsheng Wang Changshuo Wei Guanwen Li Wan Wang Hui-Shan Guo Shaoyang Lin Wenfeng Qian XianzhiXie Qian Qian Fan Chen Jianru Zuo 2021Molecular Plant2021,14,6:10
14中国转基因作物的环境安全评介与风险管理显示文摘基因工程技术是21世纪最伟大的科学技术之一,基因工程技术的应用开启了一次全新的农业'绿色革命'。自1996年美国第一例商业化转基因作物诞生以来,全球转基因作物的种植快速平稳增长。转基因作物的种植具有巨大的潜在效益,但是其可能带来的环境风险已成为了人们关心和争论的焦点。转基因作物的安全性已然成为许多国家和政府不得不面对的主要议题之一。在过去的20年里。吴孔明 刘海军 2014华中农业大学学报2014,33,6:9
15Exploring suitability for tropical crop cultivation in Hainan Island by SOTAL methodology显示文摘A SOTER-based automatic procedure for qualitative land evaluation is developed. This procedure was created in the automated land evaluation system (ALES). The objective was to design a procedure that allows for a quick separation of potentially suitable from non-suitable SOTER units for the intended land use, indicating constraints to different kinds of land use. Different kinds of land are unequal1y suited to various uses, land eva1uation is the assessment of the suitability of a tract of land for a specified kind of land use. In practice this implicates the comparison (matching) between the requirements of a specified land use and the properties of the land. Land evaluation concepts and definitions are treated in the paper. The ALES is a computer program that allows land evaluators to build their own knowledge-based system with which they can compute the physical and economical suitability of map units in accordance with FAO framework for land evaluation. The ALES program works with so-called decision trees, being hierarchical multiway keys in which the leaves are results (e.g., severity levels of land qualities), and the interior nodes of the tree are decision criteria (e.g., land characteristic values). These trees are traversed by the program to compute an evaluation using actual land data for each map unit. SOTAL is a SOTER-based qualitative model developed in ALES for physical land evaluation in which presently three land utilization types (LUTs) are distinguished, i.e., cultivated banana, coffee and rubber under different input and technological conditions. These LUTs are characterized by 11 landuse requirements and evaluated by matching the land use requirements with the corresponding land qualities. The paper elaborates on the criteria used in SOTAL for land quality assessment and how a final suitability rating is achieved on the basis of the rated land qualities. Results are visualized through G1S-generated maps as products in response to the specific information and data needs of decision and policy makers.Zhang Xue-lei S.Mantel Zhang Gan-lin V.W.P.van Engelen 2001Journal of Geographical Sciences2001,11,4:9
16Tea plant genomics:achievements,challenges and perspectives显示文摘Tea is among the world’s most widely consumed non-alcoholic beverages and possesses enormous economic,health,and cultural values.It is produced from the cured leaves of tea plants,which are important evergreen crops globally cultivated in over 50 countries.Along with recent innovations and advances in biotechnologies,great progress in tea plant genomics and genetics has been achieved,which has facilitated our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of tea quality and the evolution of the tea plant genome.In this review,we briefly summarize the achievements of the past two decades,which primarily include diverse genome and transcriptome sequencing projects,gene discovery and regulation studies,investigation of the epigenetics and noncoding RNAs,origin and domestication,phylogenetics and germplasm utilization of tea plant as well as newly developed tools/platforms.We also present perspectives and possible challenges for future functional genomic studies that will contribute to the acceleration of breeding programs in tea plants.En-Hua Xia Wei Tong QiongWu ShuWei Jian Zhao Zheng-Zhu Zhang Chao-Ling Wei Xiao-Chun Wan 2020Horticulture Research2020,7,1:9
17基于CAN总线的谷物产量快速计量系统研发(英文)显示文摘It depended on the spatial and temporal variation of soil and grain yield to implement precision agriculture.Grain yield monitoring on combine harvester was a cornerstone of precision fertilization.The intelligent grain yield monitoring system with the sensors and DGPS(differential global positioning system),which was loaded on the combine harvester,could get the different blocks’yield and produce the yield map.In this study,a new grain yield monitoring system based on CAN bus technology was developed.The system consisted of sensor unit,data acquisition unit,GPS module and LCD(liquid crystal display)terminal.The grain yield data were collected by the grain flow sensor,and processed by the signal condition circuit.And then the grain yield data and GPS signal were transmitted to the control unit by CAN bus.With the algorithm of grain yield conversion,all the collected data including real-time grain yield,harvest area and average grain yield were displayed on the LCD terminal.Flow sensor unit included grain yield flow sensor,force impact plate and mounting bracket.The sensor frame was mounted at the top of clean grain elevator of combine harvester.When the elevator paddles rotated around the sprocket,grain was propelled towards a flat impact plate.As grain momentum was lost in the subsequent collision with the impact plate,an effective force was measured by the impact parallel-beam load cell.Along with the calibration relationship between measured force and mass flow rate,the output of the impact parallel-beam load cell could indicate the flow rate of grain yield.Data acquisition unit included power conversion circuit,sensor signal acquisition circuit,analog-to-digital conversion circuit and CAN communication circuit.It could fulfill data acquisition function,CAN communication function and interrupt handling function.LCD terminal had the function of sensor detection,the function of GPS information collection,parameter calibration,data display and storage.It could display the real-time grain yield,total yield,average yield and harvest area.In order to evaluate the grain yield monitoring system,3 experiments which included static performance experiment of grain yield flow sensor,platform test experiment of grain yield monitoring system and dynamic performance experiment on combine harvester were carried out.The result of platform test experiment showed that the system error between predicted yield and measured yield was less than 3%and the system could avoid the effect of vibration from the platform effectively.Field dynamic experiment showed that the system error was less than 5%.Both the experimental results indicated that the grain yield monitoring system could satisfy the need of practical production.安晓飞 孟志军 武广伟 李立伟 魏学礼 2015农业工程学报2015,31,S2:8
18Research on the invasive pest of fall armyworm(Spodoptera frugiperda)in China显示文摘The fall armyworm(Spodoptera frugiperda)is a major agricultural pest native to the Americas.It is widely distributed throughout the Western Hemisphere.It damages crops such as maize,wheat,rice,sorghum,cotton,herbage and various weeds,and reportedly feeds on more than 300 species(Montezano et al.2018).Fall army wo rm is a typical lepidoptera pest and goes through four life stages:egg,larva,pupa and adult Adults can lay eggs between 1000 and 2000 and complete a life cycle within about 30 days,reproducing at a fast speed.There are two biotypes of fall armyworm:Corn-biotype(C-strain)and Rice-biotype(R-strain).XIAO Yu-tao 2021Journal of Integrative Agriculture2021,20,3:7
19Analysis of China’s Water Security and Virtual Water Trade显示文摘Producing goods and services all needs water consumption.The water used in the process of an agricultural or industrial product is called the'Virtual Water'contained in this product. Through international trade,water-scarce countries and regions could purchase water-intensive products--especially foods,from water-rich countries to balance their water deficits and achieve water safety.China is one of the 13 most water-deficit countries whose water safety have been severely challenged.This paper generalized the recent global research development and made a brief introduction about the methods calculating virtual water content in specific products.As a case study,we qualified China's annual virtual water flows from year 2000 to 2002 with trade in crops,and ended with some policy advice for application and practice of virtual water strategy.Wang Hongrui1,2,Liu Xinghan3,Dong Yanyan1,2,Wang Junhong1,2 1.College of Water Sciences,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China 2.Key Laboratory for Water and Sediment Sciences Ministry of Education,Beijing 100875,China 3.College of Economics&Management,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100022,China 2006Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment2006,4,4:7
20Knockdown of MLO genes reduces susceptibility to powdery mildew in grapevine显示文摘Erysiphe necator is the causal agent of powdery mildew(PM),one of the most destructive diseases of grapevine.PM is controlled by sulfur-based and synthetic fungicides,which every year are dispersed into the environment.This is why PM-resistant varieties should become a priority for sustainable grapevine and wine production.PM resistance can be achieved in other crops by knocking out susceptibility S-genes,such as those residing at genetic loci known as MLO(Mildew Locus O).All MLO S-genes of dicots belong to the phylogenetic clade V,including grapevine genes VvMLO7,11 and 13,which are upregulated during PM infection,and VvMLO6,which is not upregulated.Before adopting a gene-editing approach to knockout candidate S-genes,the evidence that loss of function of MLO genes can reduce PM susceptibility is necessary.This paper reports the knockdown through RNA interference of VvMLO6,7,11 and 13.The knockdown of VvMLO6,11 and 13 did not decrease PM severity,whereas the knockdown of VvMLO7 in combination with VvMLO6 and VvMLO11 reduced PM severity up to 77%.The knockdown of VvMLO7 and VvMLO6 seemed to be important for PM resistance,whereas a role for VvMLO11 does not seem likely.Cell wall appositions(papillae)were present in both resistant and susceptible lines in response to PM attack.Thirteen genes involved in defense were less upregulated in infected mlo plants,highlighting the early mlo-dependent disruption of PM invasion.Stefano Pessina Luisa Lenzi Michele Perazzolli Manuela Campa Lorenza Dalla Costa Simona Urso Giampiero Valè Francesco Salamini Riccardo Velasco Mickael Malnoy 2016Horticulture Research2016,3,1:7
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