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1Experimental study on N_2O and CH_4 fluxes from the dark coniferous forest zone soil of the Gongga Mountain, China显示文摘The static closed chamber technique is used in the study on the CH4 and N2O fluxes from the soils of primeval Abies fabri forest, the succession Abies fabri forest and the clear-cut areas of mid-aged Abies fabri forest in the Gongga Mountain from May 1998 to September 1999. The results indicate the following: (i) The forest soil serves as the source of atmospheric N2O at the three measurement sites, while the fluxes of CH4 are all negative, and soil is the sink of atmospheric CH4. The comparative relations of N2O emissions between the three sites are expressed as primeval Abies fabri forest > clear-cut areas > succession Abies fabri forest, and those of CH4 consumption fluxes are primeval Abies fabri forest > succession Abies fabri forest > clear-cut areas. (ii) Signifi-cant seasonal variations of N2O emission at various sites were observed, and two emission peaks of N2O occurr during summer (July—August) and spring (February—March), whereas N2O emission is relatively low in winter and spring (mid March—April). Seasonal variations of CH4 consumption at each measurement site fluctuate drastically with unclear regularities. Generally, CH4 consumption fluxes of succession Abies fabri forest and clear-cut areas are higher from mid May to late July but lower in the rest of sampling time, while the CH4 flux keeps a relatively high value even up to Sep-tember in primeval Abies fabri forest. In contrast to primeval Abies fabri forest, the CH4 absorbabili-ties of succession Abies fabri forest and clear-cut areas of mid-aged Abies fabri forest are weaker. Particularly, the absorbability of the clear-cut areas is even weaker as compared with the other two sites, for the deforestation reduces the soil absorbability of atmospheric CH4. (iii) Evident diurnal variation regularity exists in the N2O emissions of primeval Abies fabri forest, and there is a statistic positive correlation between the fluxes of N2O and air temperature (R=0.95, n=11, <0.01), and also the soil temperature of 5-cm layer (R=0.81, n=11, < 0.01), whereas the CH4 diurnal variation regularities are unclear and have no significant correlation with the soil temperature of 5-cm layer and air temperature.董云社 齐玉春 罗辑 梁涛 雒昆利 章申 2003Science China Earth Sciences2003,46,3:16
2Dark Matter Particle Explorer: The First Chinese Cosmic Ray and Hard γ-ray Detector in Space显示文摘The Dark Matter Particle Explorer(DAMPE) mission is one of the five scientific space science missions within the framework of the Strategic Pioneer Program on Space Science of the Chinese Academy of Science(CAS) approved in 2011. The main scientific objective of DAMPE is to detect electrons and photons in the range of 5 GeV–10 TeV with unprecedented energy resolution(1.5% at 100 GeV) in order to identify possible Dark Matter(DM) signatures. It will also measure the flux of nuclei up to above 500 TeV with excellent energy resolution(40% at 800 GeV), which will bring new insights to the origin and propagation high energy cosmic rays. With its excellent photon detection capability, the DAMPE mission is well placed for new discoveries in high energy-ray astronomy as well.CHANG Jin 2014空间科学学报2014,34,5:11
3Improvement of Dark Object Method in Atmospheric Correction of hyperspectral remotely sensed data显示文摘The existing methods in atmospheric correction of hyperspectral data usually focus on removing the effects of water vapor and other absorptive gases, while this paper mainly studies the method of re- moving the influence of the aerosol and the water vapor simultaneously. Because the hyperspectral data has a larger number of bands, the conventional dark object method cannot be applied to the at- mospheric correction of the hyperspectral data which can be improved, as described in this paper, by adequately making use of spectral characteristics of the hyperspectral data with an iterative correction during the whole process. The effects of the aerosol and water vapor are eliminated at the same time finally. The improved dark object method is used to do the atomospheric correction of the Hyperion data in Yanzhou, Shandong Province as an example. And the result indicates that it can correct the atmospheric influence of the hyperspectral data quickly and remarkably.ZHAO Xiang LIANG ShunLin LIU SuHong WANG JinDi QIN Jun LI Qing LI XiaoWen 2008Science China Earth Sciences2008,51,3:8
4Comparison of dark energy models:A perspective from the latest observational data显示文摘We compare some popular dark energy models under the assumption of a flat universe by using the latest observational data including the type Ia supernovae Constitution compilation,the baryon acoustic oscillation measurement from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey,the cosmic microwave background measurement given by the seven-year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe observations and the determination of H0 from the Hubble Space Telescope.Model comparison statistics such as the Bayesian and Akaike information criteria are applied to assess the worth of the models.These statistics favor models that give a good fit with fewer parameters.Based on this analysis,we find that the simplest cosmological constant model that has only one free parameter is still preferred by the current data.For other dynamical dark energy models,we find that some of them,such as the αdark energy,constant w,generalized Chaplygin gas,Chevalliear-Polarski-Linder parametrization,and holographic dark energy models,can provide good fits to the current data,and three of them,namely,the Ricci dark energy,agegraphic dark energy,and Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati models,are clearly disfavored by the data.LI Miao1,2,LI XiaoDong2,3 & ZHANG Xin1,4 1Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics China,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China 2Key Laboratory of Frontiers in Theoretical Physics,Institute of Theoretical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China 3Interdisciplinary Center for Theoretical Study,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China 4Department of Physics,College of Sciences,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110004,China 2010Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2010,53,9:7
5Observations favor the crossing of phantom divide lines显示文摘Using three different parameterized dark energy models, we reconstruct the properties of dark energy from the latest 397 Sne Ia, CMB and BAO with the present matter density, Ωm0, given prior. We find that, when Ωm0 is not small, for example, Ωm0 = 0.28 or 0.32, an evolving dark energy with a crossing of phantom divide line is favored and this conclusion seems to be model independent. We also find that the evolving properties of dark energy become more and more evident with the increase of Ωm0 given prior.HUANG TieTie1,2,3, WU PuXun2,3 & YU HongWei2,3 1Department of Physics, Xiangnan College, Chenzhou 423000, China 2Department of Physics and Institute of Physics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China 3Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China 2010Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2010,53,3:6
6Dark matter direct search sensitivity of the PandaX-4T experiment显示文摘The Panda X-4T experiment, a 4-ton scale dark matter direct detection experiment, is being planned at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory. In this paper we present a simulation study of the expected background in this experiment. In a 2.8-ton fiducial mass and the signal region between 1-10 keV electron equivalent energy, the total electron recoil background is found to be 4.9 × 10^(-5) kg^(-1) d^(-1) keV^(-1). The nuclear recoil background in the same region is 2.8 × 10^(-7) kg^(-1) d^(-1) keV^(-1). With an exposure of 5.6 ton-years, the sensitivity of Panda X-4 T could reach a minimum spin-independent dark matter-nucleon cross section of 6 × 10^(-48) cm^2 at a dark matter mass of 40 Ge V/c^2.HongGuang Zhang Abdusalam Abdukerim Wei Chen Xun Chen YunHua Chen XiangYi Cui BinBin Dong DeQing Fang ChangBo Fu Karl Giboni Franco Giuliani LinHui Gu XuYuan Guo ZhiFan Guo Ke Han ChangDa He ShengMing He Di Huang XingTao Huang Zhou Huang Peng Ji XiangDong Ji YongLin Ju ShaoLi Li Yao Li Heng Lin HuaXuan Liu JiangLai Liu YuGang Ma YaJun Mao KaiXiang Ni JinHua Ning XiangXiang Ren Fang Shi AnDi Tan AnQing Wang Cheng Wang HongWei Wang Meng Wang QiuHong Wang SiGuang Wang XiuLi Wang XuMing Wang Zhou Wang MengMeng Wu ShiYong Wu JingKai Xia MengJiao Xiao PengWei Xie BinBin Yan JiJun Yang Yong Yang ChunXu Yu JuMin Yuan JianFeng Yue Dan Zhang Tao Zhang Li Zhao QiBin Zheng JiFang Zhou Ning Zhou XiaoPeng Zhou 2019Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2019,62,3:6
7Study on cosmogenic activation in germanium detectors for future tonne-scale CDEX experiment显示文摘A study on cosmogenic activation in germanium was carried out to evaluate the cosmogenic background level of natural and ^(70)Ge depleted germanium detectors. The production rates of long-lived radionuclides were calculated with Geant4 and CRY.Results were validated by comparing the simulated and experimental spectra of CDEX-1B detector. Based on the validated codes, the cosmogenic background level was predicted for further tonne-scale CDEX experiment. The suppression of cosmogenic background level could be achieved by underground germanium crystal growth and high-purity germanium detector fabrication to reach the sensitivity requirement for direct detection of dark matter. With the low cosmogenic background, new physics channels,such as solar neutrino research and neutrinoless double-beta decay experiments, were opened and the corresponding simulations and evaluations were carried out.JingLu Ma Qian Yue ShinTed Lin Henry Tsz-King Wong JinWei Hu LiPing Jia Hao Jiang Jin Li ShuKui Liu ZhongZhi Liu Hao Ma WeiYou Tang Yang Tian Li Wang Qing Wang Yi Wang LiTao Yang Zhi Zeng 2019Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2019,62,1:5
8Siting of Dark Sky Reserves in China Based on Multi-source Spatial Data and Multiple Criteria Evaluation Method显示文摘With the rapid development of population and urbanization and the progress of lighting technology, the influence of artificial light sources has increased.In this context, the problem of light pollution has attracted wide attention.Previous studies have revealed that light pollution can affect biological living environments, human physical and mental health, astronomical observations and many other aspects.Therefore, organizations internationally have begun to advocate for measures to prevent light pollution, many of which are recognized by the International Dark-Sky Association(IDA).In addition to improving public awareness, legal protections, technical treatments and other means, the construction of Dark Sky Reserves(DSR) has proven to be an effective preventive measure.So far, as a pioneer practice in this field, the IDA has identified 11 DSRs worldwide.Based on the DA requirements for DSRs, this paper utilizes NPP-VIIRS nighttime light data and other multi-source spatial data to analyze possible DSR sites in China.The land of China was divided into more than ten thousand 30 km × 30 km fishnets, and constraint and suitable conditions were designated, respectively, as light and cloud conditions, and scale, traffic and attractiveness conditions.Using a multiple criteria evaluation, 1443 fishnets were finally selected as most suitable sites for the construction of DSRs.Results found that less than 25% of China is not subject to light pollution, and less than 13% is suitable for DSR construction, primarily in western and northern areas, including Tibet, Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu and Inner Mongolia.WEI Ye CHEN Zuoqi XIU Chunliang YU Bailang LIU Hongxing 2019Chinese Geographical Science2019,29,6:5
9Modified Chaplygin gas as an interacting holographic dark energy model显示文摘The modified Chaplygin gas (MCG) as an interacting model of holographic dark energy in which dark energy and dark matter are coupled together is investigated in this paper. Concretely, by studying the evolutions of related cosmological quantities such as density parameter Ω, equation of state w, deceleration parameter q and transition redshift zT, we find the evolution of the universe is from deceleration to acceleration, their present values are consistent with the latest observations, and the equation of state of holographic dark energy can cross the phantom divide w = -1. Furthermore, we put emphasis upon the geometrical diagnostics for our model, i.e., the statefinder and Om diagnostics. By illustrating the evolutionary trajectories in r - s, r - q, w -w and Om planes, we find that the holographic constant c and the coupling constant b play very important roles in the holographic dark energy (HDE) model. In addition, we also plot the LCDM horizontal lines in Om diagrams, and show the discrimination between the HDE and LCDM models.WU YaBo, YANG WeiQiang, WANG Cong & WANG Lei Department of Physics, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China 2010Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2010,53,4:5
10Comparison of the dark signal degradation induced by Gamma ray, proton, and neutron radiation in pinned photodiode CMOS image sensors显示文摘Dear editor,CMOS image sensors (CISs) present numerous advantages and have become feasible alternatives for CCDs (charge coupled devices) in satellite imaging system, nuclear industry, and particle detection (1–3)However, CISs used in these applications are often operated under harsh radiation environments and are susceptible to total ionizing dose (TID) and displacement damage.Zujun WANG Yuanyuan XUE Wei CHEN Rui XU Hao NING Baoping HE Zhibin YAO Minbo LIU Jiangkun SHENG Wuying MA Guantao DONG 2019Science China(Information Sciences)2019,62,6:4
11QE and Suns-Voc study on the epitaxial CSiTF solar cells显示文摘In order to clarify the major factors h?ving confined the efficiencies of as-prepared crystalline silicon thin film (CSiTF) solar eelis on the SSP (silicon sheets from powder) ribbons, QE (quantum efficiency) and Suns-Voc study were performed on the epitaxial CSiTF solar eelis fabricated on the SSP ribbons, the SSP ribbons after surface being zone melting recrystallized (ZMR) and single crystalline silicon (sc-Si) substrates. The r esults show that the epi-layers deposited on the SSP ribbons have rough surfaces, which not only increases the diffusion reflectance on the surfaces but also makes the anti-reflection coatings become structure-loosened, both of which would deteriorate the light trapping effect; in addition, the epi-layers deposited on the SSP ribbons possess poor crystallographic quality, so the heavy grain boundary (GB) recombination limits the diffusion length of the minority carriers in the epi-layers, which makes the as-prepared CSiTF solar eelis suffer the worse spectra response at long-wavelength range. Nearly all the darkcharacteristicparametersoftheCSiTFsolareelisarefarawayfromtheidealvalues. The performances of the CSiTF solar cells are especially affected by too high /02 (the dark saturation current of space charge region) values and too low Rsh(parallel resistance) values. The higher /02 values are mainly caused by the heavy GB recombination resulting from the poor crystallographic qualities of the silicon active layers in the space charge regions, while the lower Rsh values are attributed to the electrical leakage at the un-passivated PN junction or solar cell edges after the solar cells are cut by the laser scriber.AlBin1,2,SHENHui2,BANQun2,LIANGZongcun1,CHENRulong3, SHI Zhengrong3 & LIAO Xianbo4 1. GuangzhouInstituteofEnergyConversion,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Guangzhou510640,China 2. InstituteforSolarEnergySystem,EnergyEngineeringAcademy,SUNYAT-SENUniversity,Guangzhou 510275,China 3. SuntechPowerCo.Ltd,Wuxi214028,China 4. Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China 2005Science China(Technological Sciences)2005,48,1:4
12PHoToNs–A parallel heterogeneous and threads oriented code for cosmological N-body simulation显示文摘We introduce a new code for cosmological simulations, PHo To Ns, which incorporates features for performing massive cosmological simulations on heterogeneous high performance computer(HPC) systems and threads oriented programming. PHo To Ns adopts a hybrid scheme to compute gravitational force, with the conventional Particle-Mesh(PM) algorithm to compute the long-range force,the Tree algorithm to compute the short range force and the direct summation Particle-Particle(PP) algorithm to compute gravity from very close particles. A self-similar space filling a Peano-Hilbert curve is used to decompose the computing domain. Threads programming is advantageously used to more flexibly manage the domain communication, PM calculation and synchronization, as well as Dual Tree Traversal on the CPU+MIC platform. PHo To Ns scales well and efficiency of the PP kernel achieves68.6% of peak performance on MIC and 74.4% on CPU platforms. We also test the accuracy of the code against the much used Gadget-2 in the community and found excellent agreement.Qiao Wang Zong-Yan Cao Liang Gao Xue-Bin Chi Chen Meng Jie Wang Long Wang 2018Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics2018,18,6:4
13Dark mode plasmonic optical microcavity biochemical sensor显示文摘Whispering gallery mode(WGM) microtoroid optical resonators have been effectively used to sense low concentrations of biomolecules down to the single molecule limit. Optical WGM biochemical sensors such as the microtoroid operate by tracking changes in resonant frequency as particles enter the evanescent near field of the resonator.Previously, gold nanoparticles have been coupled to WGM resonators to increase the magnitude of resonance shifts via plasmonic enhancement of the electric field. However, this approach results in increased scattering from the WGM, which degrades its quality(Q) factor, making it less sensitive to extremely small frequency shifts caused by small molecules or protein conformational changes. Here, we show using simulation that precisely positioned trimer gold nanostructures generate dark modes that suppress radiation loss and can achieve high (> 10~6) Q with an electric-field intensity enhancement of 4300, which far exceeds that of a single rod(~2500 times). Through an overall evaluation of a combined enhancement factor, which includes the Q factor of the system, the sensitivity of the trimer system was improved 105× versus 84× for a single rod. Further simulations demonstrate that unlike a single rod system, the trimer is robust to orientation changes and has increased capture area. We also conduct stability tests to show that small positioning errors do not greatly impact the result.CHENG LI LEI CHEN EUAN MCLEOD JUDITH SU 2019Photonics Research2019,7,8:3
14“Dark Ages”冷事件研究进展显示文摘以历史文献资料、树木年轮、冰芯等记录为依据, 论证了'Dark Ages'(400~600 AD)时期发生过一次以冷干为特征的气候突变. 此次气候突变在中国及世界其它地区均有所反映, 可以推断此次气候突变在北半球比较明显甚至具有全球性, 它对人类社会的发展造成了灾难性的影响. 到目前为止关于'Dark Ages'时期气候突变的原因有许多争议, 有待于进一步的研究证实. 气候总是在冷暖波动中前进的, 结合紧随其后的中世纪暖期(MWP), 由'Dark Ages'向'MWP'的过渡可以为认识由小冰期(LIA)向20世纪全球变暖的转变提供借鉴.赵引娟 钟巍 薛积彬 彭晓莹 2005冰川冻土2005,27,2:3
15Restudy on Time-Evolution of SUSY Dark Matter显示文摘We restudy the Lee-Weinberg time-evolution equation including the R-parity violation. We carefullyanalyze the intluence of the boundary conditions, equation of state, SUSY parameters, especially the R-parity violation,and other factors on the time-evolution of the SUSY cold dark matter. Our numerical results show that without Rparity violation, only two ranges 20 < mx01 < 30 GeV and 75 < mx01 < 110 GeV can be consistent with data, if30 < mx01 < 75 GeV, there must be at least two kinds of heavy particles contributing to the cold dark matter. However,with the R-parity violation, the heavy neutralino can be dark matter constituent, but it must decay and the R-parityviolation parameter is constrained by the present data.FENG Tai-Fu LI Xue-Qian MENG Qing-Wei REN Zhen-Yu 2002Communications in Theoretical Physics2002,,10:3
16Complex Space-Time and Complex Quantum Mind—An Unified Platform to Explain the Large,Medium,and Small Scaled Mysteries of Universe and Consciousness显示文摘The large scale universe is full of mystery;the dark matter and dark energy amount to respective 23%and 73%of the total energy of the universe,whereas the rest 4%of the total energy is attributed to the normal material world which can be comprehended by the present science.In the nano-scale quantum world,the EPR(Einstein,Podolsky,and Rosen)paradox and Bells formalism and its experimental tests demonstrated that there is an intrinsic nonlocality present in the quantum world through quantum entanglement which is against the relativity that the information communication between two quanta cannot exceed the speed of light.Even more seriously is the philosophical problem why a deterministic Schrodinger equation describes a particle resulting in a probability interpretation of the particle.In the medium size of the universe,the human brain is mysterious;the human all have consciousness that is the subjective awareness of the inner and outer world which is hard to comprehend in physics;some paranormal phenomena due to the action of the consciousness like finger reading,remote viewing,psychokinesis are even harder to understand.In order to explain these large,medium,and small scale bewildering phenomena in the universe,I proposed two hypotheses in 2014(Lee,2014):(1)The real universe is a complex universe consisting of 8 dimensional(8D)space-time.In addition to our familiar 4D real space-time(Yang),there exists another 4D imaginary space-time(Yin)full of consciousness and information websites which are part of the dark matter.(2)When an object is in a quantum state,the imaginary part of its complex wavefunction(or quantum field)represents the consciousness of the object;the content of the consciousness is determined by the space-time geometry of the real part of the complex wavefunction(quantum mind).This hypothesis provides a scientific basis for pan-psychism that everything has a soul but so long as it enters into the quantum state.Si-chen Lee 2019Journal of Philosophy Study2019,9,5:3
17Patch-Based Dark Channel Prior Dehazing for RS Multi-spectral Image显示文摘Remote sensing(RS) multi-spectral images are usually suffered from cloud and fog cover, which can lead to analysis troubles and application limitations. A novel patch-based dark channel prior dehaze method is proposed for solving this problem. An Atmospheric light(AL) curved surface hypothesis, instead of globally invariable plane, is applied to describe AL distribution, and a patch-based approach is given to estimate curved surface.By using AL curved surface estimation, a new recovering model for RS multi-spectral images is given to obtain dehaze-free images. Comparative experiments are conducted, those results illustrate that the proposed method can produces visually impressive restored images, and the proposed method is superior to other relative methods in terms of image quality evaluations.WANG Lixia XIE Weixin PEI Jihong 2015Chinese Journal of Electronics2015,24,3:2
18Dark count rate and band to band tunneling optimization for single photon avalanche diode topologies显示文摘This paper proposes two optimal designs of single photon avalanche diodes(SPADs) minimizing dark count rate(DCR). The first structure is introduced as p^+/pwell/nwell, in which a specific shallow pwell layer is added between p^+and nwell layers to decrease the electric field below a certain threshold. The simulation results show on average 19.7%and 8.5% reduction of p^+/nwell structure’s DCR comparing with similar previous structures in different operational excess bias and temperatures respectively. Moreover, a new structure is introduced as n+/nwell/pwell, in which a specific shallow nwell layer is added between n+and pwell layers to lower the electric field below a certain threshold. The simulation results show on average 29.2% and 5.5% decrement of p^+/nwell structure’s DCR comparing with similar previous structures in different operational excess bias and temperatures respectively. It is shown that in higher excess biases(about 6 volts), the n+/nwell/pwell structure is proper to be integrated as digital silicon photomultiplier(dSiPM) due to low DCR. On the other hand, the p^+/pwell/nwell structure is appropriate to be utilized in dSiPM in high temperatures(above 50?C) due to lower DCR value.Taha Haddadifam Mohammad Azim Karami 2019Chinese Physics B2019,28,6:2
19Modeling dark signal of CMOS image sensors irradiated by reactor neutron using Monte Carlo method显示文摘The dark signal degradation of the CMOS image sensor(CIS) was induced by neutron radiation,and it was modeled by Geant4, which is a three-dimensional Monte Carlo code. The simplified model of the CIS array was established according to the actual pixel geometry, material, and doping concentration. Nuclear elastic interaction and capture interaction were included in the physical processes, and the displacement damage dose in the space charge region of the pixel was calculated. The mean dark signal and dark signal distribution were modeled using Geant4, and the physical mechanisms were analyzed. The modeling results were in good agreement with the experimental and theoretical results.Yuanyuan XUE Zuun WANG Wei CHEN Baoping HE Zhibin YAO Minbo LIU Jiangkun SHENG Wuying MA Guantao DONG Junshan JIN 2018Science China(Information Sciences)2018,61,6:2
20A correction method for aero-optics thermal radiation effects based on gradient distribution and dark channel显示文摘In this paper, a new algorithm is proposed to remove the effects of aerodynamic optical thermal radiation from a single infrared image. In this method, the joint probability model of gradient distribution is introduced by studying the 'global smoothing and local fluctuation' characteristics of the bias field. A prior L0 norm of dark channel is introduced to constrain the latent clear image. Finally, the split Bregman method is used to solve the optimization problem. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by a series of experiments, and the results are compared with the results of the existing methods for the correction of thermal radiation effects.洪汉玉 时愈 张天序 刘照 2019Optoelectronics Letters2019,15,5:1
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