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| 1 | Porous LiF layer fabricated by a facile chemical method toward dendrite-free lithium metal anode显示文摘Lithium metal is supposed to be critical material for constructing next-generation batteries due to extremely high capacity and ultralow redox potential. However, the perplexing issue of lithium dendrite growth impedes the commercial application. The initial nucleation and low Li ions diffusion rate in the electrolyte/electrode interface dominate the deposition behavior. Therefore, a uniform and flexible interface is urgently needed. Here, a facile method is proposed to prepare a thin and porous LiF-rich layer (TPL) by the in-situ reaction of small amount of ammonium hydrogen difluoride (NH4HF2) and Li metal. The deposition morphology on Li metal anode with LiF layer is significantly flat and homogeneous owning to low lateral diffusion barrier on LiF crystals and the porous structure of TPL film. Additionally, the symmetrical cells made with such TPL Li anodes show significantly stable cycling over 100 cycles at high current density of 6 mA/cm^2. The TPL Li|LiFePO4 full cells keep over 99% capacity retention after 100 cycles at 2.0 C. This approach serves as a facile and controllable way of adjusting the protective layer on Li metal. | Yanxia Yuan Feng Wu Guanghai Chen Ying Bai Chuan Wu | 2019 | Journal of Energy Chemistry2019，28，10： | 14 |
| 2 | Three dimensional porous frameworks for lithium dendrite suppression显示文摘Lithium metal is a promising anode material owing to its very low electrochemical potential and ultrahigh specific capacity.However,the growth of lithium dendrites could result in a short lifespan,low coulombic efficiency,and potential safety hazards during the progress of lithium plating/stripping.These factors drastically hinder its application in lithium metal batteries.This review focuses on the use of three dimensional(3D)porous host frameworks to improve Li plating/stripping behaviors,accommodate the change in volume,and suppress or block lithium dendrite growth.Various 3D porous frameworks,including the conductive carbon-based,metal-based,and lithiophilic inorganic-compound frameworks are introduced and summarized in detail.The particular functions,relative developments,and optimized strategies of various 3D porous frameworks for lithium deposition/dissolution behaviors are discussed.Moreover,the challenges and promising developments in the field of Li metal anodes will be discussed at the end of this review. | Shuyan Ni Shuangshuang Tan Qinyou An Liqiang Mai | 2020 | Journal of Energy Chemistry2020，29，5： | 11 |
| 3 | Peritectic solidification under high undercooling conditions显示文摘The solidification characteristics of highly undercooled Cu-7.77% Co peritectic alloy has been examined by glass fluxing technique. The obtained undercoolings vary from 93 to 203 K(0.14 T_L). It is found that the a(Co) phase always nucleates and grows preferentially, which is followed by peritectic transformation. This means that the peritectic phase cannot form directly, even though the alloy melt is undercooled to a temperature far below its peritectic point. The maximum recalescence temperature measured experimentally decreases as undercooling increases, which is lower than the thermodynamic calculation result owing to the actual non-adiabatic nature of recalescence process. The dendritic fragmentation of primary α(Co) phase induced by high undercooling is found to enhance the completion of peritectic transformation. In addition, the LKT/BCT dendrite growth model is modified in order to make it applicable to those binary alloy systems with seriously curved liquidus and solidus lines. The dendrite | Chongde Cao Xiaoyu Lu Bingbo Wei | 1999 | Chinese Science Bulletin1999，44，14： | 11 |
| 4 | Containerless rapid solidification of undercoolecl Cu-Co peritectic alloys显示文摘Droplets of Co-16%Cu and Co-71.6%Cu peritectic alloys were solidified during container-less processing in a 3-m drop tube. The microstructures of Co-16%Cu alloy droplets were characterized by dendritic or equiaxed α-Co phase with a small amount of Cu-rich solid solution distributed on α-Co phase boundaries. Two thresholds of droplet diameter were observed for Co-16%Cu alloy at which 'equiaxed-dendritic-equiaxed' morphological transitions occur to primary α-Co phase. This conspicuous refinement of primary α-Co grains results from the fragmentation of α-Co dendrites caused by re-calescence effect. For Co-71.6% Cu alloy, the primary a-Co phase forms as coarse columnar dendrites in large droplets and equiaxed dendrites in small droplets. Theoretical calculations indicate that Marangoni migration contributes more to the growth of disperse Co-rich spheres by stimulating collision and coalescence than Stokes motion caused by the residual gravity in the falling Co-71.6%Cu alloy droplets. | 曹崇德 王楠 魏炳波 | 2000 | Science China Mathematics2000，43，12： | 8 |
| 5 | Strategies to anode protection in lithium metal battery:A review显示文摘Lithium metal batteries(LMBs)are considered the most promising energy stor-age devices for applications such as electrical vehicles owing to its tremendous theoretical capacity(3860 mAh g−1).However,the serious safety issues and poor cycling performance caused by the dendritic crystal growth during deposi-tion are concerned for any rechargeable batteries with a lithium metal anode.To make widespread adoption a possibility,considerable efforts have been devoted to suppressing lithium(Li)dendrite growth.In this review,the recent strategies to developing dendrite free Li anode,including constructing an artifi-cial solid electrolyte interface,current collector modification,separator film improvement,and electrolyte additive,are summarized.The merits and short-comings for different strategies are reviewed and a general summary and per-spective on the next generation rechargeable batteries are presented. | Jiawei Li Zhao Kong Xiaoxi Liu Bocong Zheng Qi Hua Fan Elias Garratt Thomas Schuelke Keliang Wang Hui Xu Hong Jin | 2021 | InfoMat2021，3，12： | 8 |
| 6 | An air-stable and waterproof lithium metal anode enabled by wax composite packaging显示文摘The reviving use of lithium metal anode(LMA)is one of the most promising ways to upgrade the energy density of lithium ion batteries.In the roadmap towards the real use,besides the formation of the dendrite,various adverse reactions due to the high activity of LMA when exposed to air or the electrolyte limit its practical applications.Learning from the packaging technology in electronic industry,we propose a wax-based coating compositing with the ion conducting poly(ethylene oxide)by a simple dip-coating technology and the prepared LMA is featured with an air-stable and waterproof surface.The LMA thus remains stable for 24 h in ambient air even with the relative humidity of 70% while retaining about85% its electrochemical capacity.More importantly,the LMA is accessible to water and when dipping in water,no obvious adverse reactions or capacity decay is observed.With the composite coating,a steady cycling performance for 500 h in symmetrical cells and a low capacity decay rate of 0.075% per cycle after 300 cycles in lithium-sulfur batteries assembled with the packaged anode have been achieved.This work demonstrates a very simple and effective LMA package technology which is easily scalable and is very promising for speeding up the industrialization of lithium-sulfur batteries and shows potentials for the large-scale production of air-sensitive electrode materials not limited to LMAs. | Yunbo Zhang Wei Lv Zhijia Huang Guangmin Zhou Yaqian Deng Jun Zhang Chen Zhang Boyu Hao Qi Qi Yan-Bing He Feiyu Kang Quan-Hong Yang | 2019 | Science Bulletin2019，64，13： | 7 |
| 7 | Recent advances in metal-organic frameworks for lithium metal anode protection显示文摘The lithium metal battery has been considered as a promising candidate for next generation batteries.However,safety concerns caused by uncontrollable lithium dendrite growth on lithium anode are severely hampering the commercial application.Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)become one of the most attractive materials due to the high porosity,structural designability and tunability.With unique open channels and pores as well as functional components in MOFs,the transportation and deposition of lithium ions can be regulated,which leads to enhanced electrochemical prope rties.Various strategies for lithium metal protection are proposed in recent wo rks on applications of MOFs in lithium metal batteries.In this review,we highlight latest key approaches in this field and discuss the prospects for MOFs in advanced Li anodes. | Ying Du Xing Gao Siwu Li Lu Wang Bo Wang | 2020 | Chinese Chemical Letters2020，31，3： | 6 |
| 8 | METASTABLE PHASE SEPARATION OF Fe_(50)Cu_(50) HYPOPERITECTIC ALLOY UNDER SPACE SIMULATION CONDITIONS显示文摘1.IntroductionRecentlytherehasbeenangrowinginterestinthesolidificationofperitecticsystems[1--4]tespeciallythosesystemslikeFe-CuandCu-Co,whichexhibitdefinitethermodynamictendencytowardsliquidimmiscibilityuponundercoolingduetothenearlyflatliquiduscurve... | Lu, X.Y. Cao, C.D. Wei, B.B. | 1999 | Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters)1999，12，2： | 5 |
| 9 | Zinc Anode for Mild Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries: Challenges, Strategies, and Perspectives显示文摘The rapid advance of mild aqueous zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs)is driving the development of the energy storage system market.But the thorny issues of Zn anodes,mainly including dendrite growth,hydrogen evolution,and corrosion,severely reduce the performance of ZIBs.To commercialize ZIBs,researchers must overcome formidable challenges.Research about mild aqueous ZIBs is still developing.Various technical and scientific obstacles to designing Zn anodes with high stripping efficiency and long cycling life have not been resolved.Moreover,the performance of Zn anodes is a complex scientific issue determined by various parameters,most of which are often ignored,failing to achieve the maximum performance of the cell.This review proposes a comprehensive overview of existing Zn anode issues and the corresponding strategies,frontiers,and development trends to deeply comprehend the essence and inner connection of degradation mechanism and performance.First,the formation mechanism of dendrite growth,hydrogen evolution,corrosion,and their influence on the anode are analyzed.Furthermore,various strategies for constructing stable Zn anodes are summarized and discussed in detail from multiple perspectives.These strategies are mainly divided into interface modification,structural anode,alloying anode,intercalation anode,liquid electrolyte,non-liquid electrolyte,separator design,and other strategies.Finally,research directions and prospects are put forward for Zn anodes.This contribution highlights the latest developments and provides new insights into the advanced Zn anode for future research. | Jinzhang Yang Bosi Yin Ying Sun Hongge Pan Wenping Sun Baohua Jia Siwen Zhang Tianyi Ma | 2022 | Nano-Micro Letters2022，14，3： | 5 |
| 10 | Mechanism understanding for stripping electrochemistry of Li metal anode显示文摘The pursuit of sustainable energy has a great request for advanced energy stor-age devices.Lithium metal batteries are regarded as a potential electrochemi-cal storage system because of the extremely high capacity and the most nega-tive electrochemical potential of lithium metal anode.Dead lithium formed in the stripping process significantly contributes to the low efficiency and short lifespan of rechargeable lithium metal batteries.This review displays a critical review on the current research status about the stripping electrochemistry of lithium metal anode.The significance of stripping process to a robust lithium metal anode is emphasized.The stripping models in different electrochemical scenarios are discussed.Specific attention is paid to the understanding for the electrochemical principles of atom diffusion,electrochemical reaction,ion dif-fusion in solid electrolyte interphase(SEI),and electron transfer with the pur-pose to strengthen the insights into the behavior of lithium electrode stripping.The factors affecting stripping processes and corresponding solutions are sum-marized and categorized as follows:surface physics,SEI,operational and exter-nal factors.This review affords fresh insights to explore the lithium anode and design robust lithium metal batteries based on the comprehensive understand-ing of the stripping electrochemistry. | Feng-Ni Jiang Shi-Jie Yang He Liu Xin-Bing Cheng Lei Liu Rong Xiang Qiang Zhang Stefan Kaskel Jia-Qi Huang | 2021 | SusMat2021，1，4： | 5 |
| 11 | Mechanism of reduction of columnar dendrite spacing in unidirectional solidification caused by electric current passing through solid liquid interface显示文摘Considering the S L interface morphology stability, the S L interface energy, the Joule heat produced by electric current at the S L interface, and the change of solute concentration at the S L interface indirectly caused by electric current, the mechanism of reduction of columnar dendrite spacing in unidirectional solidification caused by electric current passing through solid liquid interface was studied. The following conclusions can be drawn that: 1) under sub rapid solidification condition, increasing electric current density will improve the stability of S L interface, thus decreasing the columnar dendrite spacing; 2)there are two ways by which the increase of electric current decreases the columnar dendrite spacing, one is promoting the splitting of the protruding tips at the S L interface, the other is promoting the forming of new convex parts at the bottom of the concave interface.[ | 常国威 袁军平 王自东 吴春京 王新华 胡汉起 | 2000 | 中国有色金属学会会刊:英文版2000，10，5： | 5 |
| 12 | Advanced Na metal anodes显示文摘Na metal anode, benefiting from its high theoretical capacity and lowest electrochemical potential, is one of the most favorable candidates for future Na-based batteries with high energy density. Dendrite growth, volume change and high reactivity are the formidable challenges in terms of good cycling performance and high Coulombic efficiency as well as an expected safety guarantee of Na metal anode for the practical application. Solid electrolyte interphase(SEI) layer as an indispensable component of a battery,its formation and stability play the critical role in the feasibility of Na metal anode. In this review, we first discuss the current consideration and challenges of Na metal anode, and then summarize several strategies to suppress dendrite growth and improve electrochemical performance, including interface engineering, electrolyte composition, electrode construction, and so on. Finally, the conclusion and future perspective of potential development on Na metal anode are proposed. | Chenglong Zhao Yaxiang Lu Jinming Yue Du Pan Yuruo Qi Yong-Sheng Hu Liquan Chen | 2018 | Journal of Energy Chemistry2018，27，6： | 5 |
| 13 | Stable interfaces constructed by concentrated ether electrolytes to render robust lithium metal batteries显示文摘Lithium metal batteries(LMBs)are highly considered as promising candidates for next-generation energy storage systems.However,routine electrolytes cannot tolerate the high potential at cathodes and low potential at anodes simultaneously,leading to severe interfacial reactions.Herein,a highly concentrated electrolyte(HCE)region trapped in porous carbon coating layer is adopted to form a stable and highly conductive solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)on Li metal surface.The protected Li metal anode can potentially match the high-voltage cathode in ester electrolytes.Synergistically,this ingenious design promises high-voltage-resistant interfaces at cathodes and stable SEI with abundance of inorganic components at anodes simultaneously in high-voltage LMBs.The feasibility of this interface-regulation strategy is demonstrated in Li|LiFePO_(4) batteries,realizing a lifespan twice as long as the routine cells,with a huge capacity retention enhancement from 46.4%to 88.7%after 100 cycles.This contribution proof-ofconcepts the emerging principles on the formation and regulation of stable electrode/electrolyte interfaces in the cathode and anode simultaneously towards the next-generation high-energy-density batteries. | He Liu Tao Li Xiangqun Xu Peng Shi Xueqiang Zhang Rui Xu Xinbing Cheng Jiaqi Huang | 2021 | Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering2021，34，9： | 5 |
| 14 | Effect of rotating magnetic field on the solidification microstructures of Pb-Sn alloys显示文摘The influence of the rotating magnetic field (RMF) on the solidification proc- ess of Pb-Sn binary alloys is studied by comparing the solidification microstructures under the common condition and RMF condition. It is found that the RMF can completely elimi- nate the gravity induced macrosegregation, and result in dendrite fragmentation and promote solute diffusion velocity. These differences are regarded as the effect of compli- cated melt flow caused by RMF. Moreover, when the content of the primary phase is small, many spherical microstructures form under the RMF condition. The analyses indicate that these special microstructures are likely the conjunction action of melt flow and concentra- tion and temperature field uniformity caused by RMF. | MENG Xiaohua CHEN Changle HONG Zhenyu WANG Jianyuan | 2006 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2006，49，3： | 4 |
| 15 | Controlling Li deposition below the interface显示文摘The desire for high-energy-density batteries calls for the revival of the Li metal anode.However,its application is hindered by enormous challenges associated with Li deposition/desolvation behaviors,such as side reactions,volume change,and dendrite formation.To overcome these challenges,Li deposition must be controlled to remain below the separator.Further,to enable longer cycle life,Li deposition should be constrained below the solid electrolyte interphase(SEI).To achieve these goals,it is critical to have a deep theoretical understanding and corresponding strategies.This paper examines Li plating/stripping in terms of behaviors,mechanisms,and influencing factors,and it proposes general strategies to control Li deposition.Comprehensive design strategies for the electrode,electrolyte,and their interface are essential.Three dimensional(3D)anodes are recommended to store most of the Li deposited below the surface of the anode.Artificial interface engineering can reduce the risk of Li deposition outside of the 3D anode,while electrolyte engineering favors Li transport,regulates Li deposition,and suppresses dendrites,serving as the final barrier to uncontrolled Li deposition.This paper reviews systemic theories and solutions to control Li deposition below the interface,paving the way for a promising route to build safer lithium metal batteries. | Wenzhuo Cao Quan Li Xiqian Yu Hong Li | 2022 | eScience2022，2，1： | 4 |
| 16 | Effect of dendrite arm spacing and the γ' phase size on stress rupture properties of Ni_3Al-base single crystal superalloy IC6SX显示文摘The effect of dendrite arm spacing and the size of γ' phase on stress rupture properties of as-cast Ni3Al-based single crystal superalloy IC6SX was studied.It has been found that the stress rupture properties were affected by dendrite arm spacing and the size of γ' phase significantly,i.e.,the stress rupture lives of as-cast specimens under the test condition of 1100°C/120 MPa were significantly increased from about 10 h to 31 h with decreasing dendrite arm spacing and the size of γ' phase from 3.0 μm and 1.6 μm to 1.3 μm and 0.8 μm,respectively.The creep cracks generated easily in the brittle Y-NiMo phase.Then the cracks gradually mergered and grew up during creep,and finally led to specimens fracture.The orientated coarsening of γ' phase has been found in the stress ruptured specimens,due to the elements diffusion.However,the γ' phase did not form the integrated structure during the short periods of 10-31 h as the creep tests lasted. | JIANG LiWu1,LI ShuSuo1,WU MeiLing1 & HAN YaFang1,2 1 School of Materials Science and Engineering,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China 2 Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials,Beijing 100095,China | 2010 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2010，53，6： | 4 |
| 17 | Electrolyte for lithium protection: From liquid to solid显示文摘Lithium battery with high energy density and enhanced safety is undoubtedly the ideal choice for consumer electronics and electric vehicles.Metal anode such as lithium has been considered as the most effective way to enhance the energy density as it provides ultra-high theoretical capacity and the lowest redox potential.However,due to the low coulombic efficiency as well as safety concerns originated from dendrite issue of lithium,its further commercial utilization is hindered.Dendrite growth is a common phenomenon in metal electrodeposition while the plating process of Li is more complicated than other metals for its high reactivity nature.As a matter of fact,the Li plating process is accompanied with the generation of solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)in which the electrolyte plays a vital role.In this paper,recent advances of electrolytes for Li protect application are reviewed,from liquid to gel polymer and solid state,on which we find that although tremendous progress has been accomplished,there are still great challenges before Li metal anode could be commercially used. | Xiaohong Wu Kecheng Pan Mengmin Jia Yufei Ren Hongyan He Lan Zhang Suojiang Zhang | 2019 | Green Energy & Environment2019，4，4： | 4 |
| 18 | Phase selection and microstructure evolution of undercooled Fe-Cu peritectic alloy | 鲁晓宇 曹崇德 魏炳波 | 1999 | Progress in Natural Science:Materials International1999，9，4： | 3 |
| 19 | Effect of cooling rate on microstructure and inclusion in non-quenched and tempered steel during horizontal directional solidification显示文摘In order to investigate the relationship between microstructure and MnS inclusion in non-quenched and tempered steel, and cooling rate during horizontal directional solidification, 49MnVS steel was used to conduct the experiments with a selfdesigned device. The mathematical effect of cooling rate on dendritic arm spacing and mean diameter of MnS particles (dMnS) were determined by using linear regression method. The results show that the length of dendrite from solid–liquid interface to end-solidification decreased with increasing the withdrawal velocity (#). dMnS has a similar value in the area of the steady directional solidification;the value of dMnS was 4.1, 3.6, 3.3, 2.8 and 2.3 lm at withdrawal velocity of 50, 75, 100, 150 and 200 lm/s, respectively. dMnS increased with reducing # or RC (interface cooling rate). MnS precipitated in the gaps between dendrites and was influenced by secondary dendritic arm spacing. Besides, a new concept of the ‘Precipitation Unit Space’(PUS) was proposed and the relationships between dMnS, VPUS (volume of PUS) and RC were obtained. | Hui Liu Zong-ze Huang Da-jiang Yu De-lin Hu Hong-gang Zhong Qi-jie Zhai Jian-xun Fu | 2019 | Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International)2019，26，9： | 3 |
| 20 | Dendritic and eutectic growth in Sb_(60)Ag_(20)Cu_(20) ternary alloy显示文摘The rapid solidification of Sb60Ag20Cu20 ternary alloy was realized by high under- cooling method, and the maximum undercooling is up to 142 K (0.18TL). Within the wide undercooling range of 40-142 K, the solidified microstructures are composed of (Sb), θ and ε phases. High undercooling enlarges the solute solubility of (Sb) phase, which causes its crystal lattice to expand and its crystal lattice constants to increase. Primary (Sb) phase grows in two modes: at small undercoolings non-faceted dendrite growth is the main growth form; whereas at large undercool- ings faceted dendrite growth takes the dominant place. The remarkable difference of crystal structures between (Sb) and θ phases leads to (θ + Sb) pseudobinary eutectic hard to form, whereas strips of θ form when the alloy melt reaches the (θ + Sb) pseudobinary eutectic line. The cooperative growth of θ and ε phases contrib- utes to the formation of (ε + θ ) pseudobinary eutectic easily. In addition, the crys- tallization route has been determined via microstructural characteristic analysis and DSC experiment. | RUAN Ying WEI BingBo | 2007 | Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2007，50，5： | 3 |
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