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| 1 | 慢性阻塞性肺疾病中医证候诊断标准(2011版)显示文摘慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases,COPD)是一种具有气流受限不完全可逆特征的疾病,呈进行性发展,与肺部对香烟烟雾等有害气体或有害颗粒的异常炎症反应有关。COPD主要累及肺脏,可引起全身的不良效应。主要表现为咳嗽、咳痰、呼吸困难,常出现急性加重。随着年龄的增长,男女患病率均增加。COPD多属于中医学"肺胀"、"喘病"等范畴。近年来,国内曾制定发布了COPD及相关疾病如慢性支气管炎的证候分类和辨证规范[1-4],对于提高临床辨证治疗水平具有一定的指导作用, | | 2012 | 中医杂志2012，53，2： | 486 |
| 2 | 隐球菌性脑膜炎诊治专家共识显示文摘引言2000年,美国感染病学会(Infectious Diseases Society of America,IDSA)首次发表了“隐球菌病治疗的实践指南”,2010年更新为“隐球菌病治疗临床实践指南,美国感染病学会2010更新”,该指南经过多年临床应用,确实发挥了规范隐球菌感染治疗的作用;但是在我国临床实施过程中,的确发现有很多不适用于中国的内容。 | 刘正印 王贵强 朱利平 吕晓菊 章强强 俞云松 周志慧 刘焱斌 蔡卫平 李若瑜 张文宏 张福杰 吴昊 徐英春 卢洪洲 李太生 | 2018 | 中华内科杂志2018，57，5： | 127 |
| 3 | Helicobacter pylori and extragastric diseases: A review显示文摘Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection is very common and affects approximately half of the world population. It causes gastric diseases, but some authors have reported an association of H. pylori infection with other systemic manifestations beginning in 1994. The list of potential effects of H. pylori outside the stomach includes a number of extragastric manifestations and we focused on neurological, dermatological, hematologic, ocular, cardiovascular, metabolic, allergic, and hepatobiliary diseases. This review discusses these important reported manifestations that are not related to the gastrointestinal tract. | Antonietta Gerarda Gravina Rocco Maurizio Zagari Cristiana De Musis Lorenzo Romano Carmelina Loguercio Marco Romano | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，29： | 90 |
| 4 | Exercise as a prescription for patients with various diseases显示文摘A growing understanding of the benefits of exercise over the past few decades has prompted researchers to take an interest in the possibilities of exercise therapy.Because each sport has its own set of characteristics and physiological complications that tend to occur during exercise training,the effects and underlying mechanisms of exercise remain unclear.Thus,the first step in probing the effects of exercise on different diseases is the selection of an optimal exercise protocol.This review summarizes the latest exercise prescription treatments for 26 different diseases:musculoskeletal system diseases(low back pain,tendon injury,osteoporosis,osteoarthritis,and hip fracture),metabolic system diseases(obesity,type 2 diabetes,type 1 diabetes,and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease),cardio-cerebral vascular system diseases(coronary artery disease,stroke,and chronic heart failure),nervous system diseases(Parkinson’s disease,Huntington’s disease,Alzheimer’s disease,depression,and anxiety disorders),respiratory system diseases(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,interstitial lung disease,and after lung transplantation),urinary system diseases(chronic kidney disease and after kidney transplantation),and cancers(breast cancer,colon cancer,prostate cancer,and lung cancer).Each exercise prescription is displayed in a corresponding table.The recommended type,intensity,and frequency of exercise prescriptions are summarized,and the effects of exercise therapy on the prevention and rehabilitation of different diseases are discussed. | Xin Luan Xiangyang Tian Haixin Zhang Rui Huang Na Li Peijie Chen Ru Wang | 2019 | Journal of Sport and Health Science2019，8，5： | 61 |
| 5 | Increased numbers of Foxp3-positive regulatory T cells in gastritis, peptic ulcer and gastric adenocarcinoma显示文摘AIM: To determine the number of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in gastric mucosa of patients with gastritis, peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. METHODS: This study was a retrospective analysis of gastric antrum biopsy specimens from healthy controls (n = 22) and patients with gastritis (n = 30), peptic ulcer (n = 83), or gastric cancer (n = 32). Expression of CD4, CD25 and Foxp3 was determined by immunohistochemistry in three consecutive sections per sample.RESULTS: Compared with healthy controls, there was an increased number of CD25+ and Foxp3+ cells in patients with gastritis (P = 0.004 and P = 0.008), peptic ulcer (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001), and gastric cancer (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001). The ratio of CD25+/CD4+ or Foxp3+/CD4+ cells was also significantly higher in all disease groups (P < 0.001, respectively). The number of CD4+, CD25+, and Foxp3+ cells, and the ratio of CD25+/CD4+ and Foxp3+/CD4+ cells, were associated with the histological grade of the specimens, including acute inflammation, chronic inflammation, lymphoid follicle number, and Helicobacter pylori infection. The number of CD4+, CD25+ and Foxp3+ cells, and the ratio of CD25+/CD4+ and Foxp3+/CD4+ cells, were negatively associated with intestinal metaplasia among gastritis (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P = 0.002 and P = 0.002) and peptic ulcer groups (P = 0.013, P = 0.004, P < 0.001, P = 0.040 and P = 0.003). | Hsin-Hung Cheng Guan-Ying Tseng Hsiao-Bai Yang Hung-Jung Wang Hwai-Jeng Lin Wen-Ching Wang | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，1： | 56 |
| 6 | 隐球菌性脑膜炎诊治专家共识显示文摘隐球菌性脑膜炎为临床上常见的难治性中枢神经系统感染,死亡率和致残率较高,中华医学会感染病学分会组织专家经过充分讨论形成本共识。鉴于国内治疗隐球菌性脑膜炎的现状,从引言、隐球菌的生物学鉴定、隐球菌性脑膜炎的临床表现和诊断、隐球菌性脑膜炎的抗隐球菌治疗、难治性和复发性隐球菌性脑膜炎的处理,以及颅内高压的处理6个方面进行了阐述。本共识没有单独对HIV感染患者的隐球菌性脑膜炎进行讨论。重点介绍了我国隐球菌性脑膜炎抗隐球菌治疗的药物和方案以及颅内压处理和美国感染病学会(Infectious Diseases Society of America,IDSA)2010年《隐球菌病治疗临床实践指南:美国感染病学会2010更新》区别。强调早期诊断,联合长期抗真菌治疗,控制颅内高压的重要性。 | 中华医学会感染病学分会 李太生 | 2018 | 中华传染病杂志2018，36，4： | 58 |
| 7 | 慢性下肢静脉疾病的流行病学研究现状显示文摘慢性静脉疾病(chronic venous diseases,CVD)是因静脉的结构或功能异常而使静脉血回流不畅、静脉压力过高导致的一系列症状和体征的总称。 | 何静 王军 杨涛 | 2018 | 中国血管外科杂志(电子版)2018，10，1： | 43 |
| 8 | ICD-11慢性疼痛分类中文编译版显示文摘世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)于2018年6月18日正式公布了最新国际疾病分类(International Classification of Diseases, ICD)第11次修订(ICD-11)的网络预览(征求意见)版。第10次修订版(ICD-10)于1983年启动,经1990年世界卫生大会批准并于1994年起正式在WHO成员国家使用。ICD是WHO根据成员国各医学相关学科领域专家的建议制定的国际疾病分类系统,是各类疾病发病率和死亡率的统计工具,是医疗健康管理的标准化诊断工具. | 吕岩 程建国 樊碧发 刘延青 于生元 张达颖 傅志俭 宋学军 易晓彬 程志祥 刘小立 傅开元 马柯 黄东 杨晓秋 肖礼祖 冯智英 金毅 董钊 韩济生 | 2018 | 中国疼痛医学杂志2018，24，11： | 44 |
| 9 | 难治性肾病综合征的病因及治疗研究进展显示文摘随着人类生活水平和健康意识的提高,各种慢性肾脏疾病(chronickidney diseases,CKD)的发病率也在不断上升,其发病率已达10%左右。临床上由于大量蛋白尿是导致肾功能恶化的独立危险因素,因此肾病综合征(NS)无论是原发性还是继发性,若大量蛋白尿得不到有效控制,将导致肾组织进行性纤维化,继而逐渐发展至终末期肾病。难治性NS(refractory ne-phritic syndrome,RNS)通常指常复发型、激素依赖、激素抵抗型或激素不耐受、激素使用禁忌的NS, | 郝静 袁伟杰 | 2013 | 中国中西医结合肾病杂志2013，14，6： | 35 |
| 10 | Ocular complications of diabetes mellitus显示文摘Diabetes mellitus(DM) is a important health problem that induces ernestful complications and it causes significant morbidity owing to specific microvascular complications such as, retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy, and macrovascular complications such as, ischaemic heart disease, and peripheral vasculopathy. It can affect children, young people and adults and isbecoming more common. Ocular complications associated with DM are progressive and rapidly becoming the world's most significant cause of morbidity and are preventable with early detection and timely treatment. This review provides an overview of five main ocular complications associated with DM, diabetic retinopathy and papillopathy, cataract, glaucoma, and ocular surface diseases. | Nihat Sayin Necip Kara G?khan Pekel | 2015 | World Journal of Diabetes2015，6，1： | 38 |
| 11 | Targeting NF-κB pathway for the therapy of diseases:mechanism and clinical study显示文摘NF-κB pathway consists of canonical and non-canonical pathways.The canonical NF-κB is activated by various stimuli,transducing a quick but transient transcriptional activity,to regulate the expression of various proinflammatory genes and also serve as the critical mediator for inflammatory response.Meanwhile,the activation of the non-canonical NF-κB pathway occurs through a handful of TNF receptor superfamily members.Since the activation of this pathway involves protein synthesis,the kinetics of non-canonical NF-κB activation is slow but persistent,in concordance with its biological functions in the development of immune cell and lymphoid organ,immune homeostasis and immune response.The activation of the canonical and non-canonical NF-κB pathway is tightly controlled,highlighting the vital roles of ubiquitination in these pathways.Emerging studies indicate that dysregulated NF-κB activity causes inflammation-related diseases as well as cancers,and NF-κB has been long proposed as the potential target for therapy of diseases.This review attempts to summarize our current knowledge and updates on the mechanisms of NF-κB pathway regulation and the potential therapeutic application of inhibition of NF-κB signaling in cancer and inflammatory diseases. | Hui Yu Liangbin Lin Zhiqiang Zhang Huiyuan Zhang Hongbo Hu | 2020 | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy2020，5，1： | 35 |
| 12 | 提高对瘤样炎性脱髓鞘病的诊断及鉴别诊断水平显示文摘瘤样炎性脱髓鞘病(tumor-like inflammatory demyelinating diseases, TIDD)是一种累及中枢神经系统(central nervous system, CNS)的较为特殊的脱髓鞘疾病,是CNS炎性假瘤的一种。近年来,TIDD受到越来越多的关注,但多为个案报道,对其临床及影像学特征观察研究比较浅显。随着近年来影像技术的发展及脑活体组织检查术的应用,学者们发现该病罹患人数并不在少数,特别是其临床、影像学等方面与脑肿瘤有诸多相似之处,临床中二者易于混淆、误诊或误治。 | 戚晓昆 | 2010 | 中华神经科杂志2010，43，1： | 33 |
| 13 | 侵袭性肺真菌病诊治的再认识显示文摘近年来,侵袭性肺真菌病(invasive pulmonary fungal diseases,IPFD)已经逐渐为广大医务工作者所认识,尤其是国内外各种有关侵袭性真菌感染的诊治指南不断问世,如欧洲癌症研究和治疗组织/侵袭性真菌感染协作组(EORTC/IFICG)和美国真菌病研究组(MSG)制定的共识。美国感染病学会(IDSA)制定的曲霉病和念珠菌病临床实践指南, | 施毅 | 2011 | 中华结核和呼吸杂志2011，34，2： | 33 |
| 14 | 整合医学纵论显示文摘什么是整合医学?我在全国各地已作过200余场报告。掐指算来,已涉及到40多个临床专业,应该说引起过一次又一次的共鸣。发表的比较系统的文章中,一篇叫“整合医学初探”,发表在《医学争鸣》上;一篇叫“整合医学再探”,发表在《医学与哲学》上;还有一篇是英文的,叫“Holistic Integrative Medicine”,已被接收,很快将发表在《A-merican Journal of Digestive Diseases》上。本篇文章取个什么标题,思来想去,就叫“整合医学纵论”吧。 | 樊代明 | 2014 | 重庆医学2014，43，29： | 32 |
| 15 | Apoptosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases显示文摘The number of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases(NAFLD) including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH), has been increasing. NASH causes cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) and is one of the most serious health problems in the world. The mechanism through which NASH progresses is still largely unknown. Activation of caspases, Bcl-2 family proteins, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase-induced hepatocyte apoptosis plays a role in the activation of NAFLD/NASH. Apoptotic hepatocytes stimulate immune cells and hepatic stellate cells toward the progression of fibrosis in the liver through the production of inflammasomes and cytokines. Abnormalities in glucose and lipid metabolism as well as microbiota accelerate these processes. The production of reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress, and endoplasmic reticulum stress is also involved. Cell death, including apoptosis, seems very important in the progression of NAFLD and NASH. Recently, inhibitors of apoptosis have been developed as drugs for the treatment of NASH and may prevent cirrhosis and HCC. Increased hepatocyte apoptosis may distinguish NASH from NAFLD, and the improvement of apoptosis could play a role in controlling the development of NASH. In this review, the association between apoptosis and NAFLD/NASH are discussed. This review could provide their knowledge, which plays a role in seeing the patients with NAFLD/NASH in daily clinical practice. | Tatsuo Kanda Shunichi Matsuoka Motomi Yamazaki Toshikatsu Shibata Kazushige Nirei Hiroshi Takahashi Tomohiro Kaneko Mariko Fujisawa Teruhisa Higuchi Hitomi Nakamura Naoki Matsumoto Hiroaki Yamagami Masahiro Ogawa Hiroo Imazu Kazumichi Kuroda Mitsuhiko Moriyama | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，25： | 32 |
| 16 | Helicobacter pylori in human health and disease:Mechanisms for local gastric and systemic effects显示文摘Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) is present in roughly 50% of the human population worldwide and infection levels reach over 70% in developing countries. The infection has classically been associated with different gastro-intestinal diseases, but also with extra gastric diseases. Despite such associations, the bacterium frequently persists in the human host without inducing disease, and it has been suggested that H. pylori may also play a beneficial role in health. To understand how H. pylori can produce such diverse effects in the human host, several studies have focused on understanding the local and systemic effects triggered by this bacterium. One of the main mechanisms by which H. pylori is thought to damage the host is by inducing local and systemic inflammation. However, more recently, studies are beginning to focus on the effects of H. pylori and its metabolism on the gastric and intestinal microbiome. The objective of this review is to discuss how H. pylori has co-evolved with humans, how H. pylori presence is associated with positive and negative effects in human health and how inflammation and/or changes in the microbiome are associated with the observed outcomes. | Denisse Bravo Anilei Hoare Cristopher Soto Manuel A Valenzuela Andrew FG Quest | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，28： | 32 |
| 17 | Nature brings new avenues to the therapy of central nervous system diseases——an overview of possible treatments derived from natural products显示文摘Natural products(NPs), including traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), have been long and widely used in the prevention and treatment of central nervous system(CNS) diseases by virtue of their abundant sources, diverse structures, and novel activities.In this review article, we intend to summarize and discuss the situation or status of the clinical employments or trials of the NPs and their derivatives with CNS activities. NPs that have been extensively studied in preclinical research in recent years are also included. The compounds presented in this review are classified according to their indications and followed by details such as natural sources, possible biological mechanisms, and development status, while a considerable proportion of them are found in TCM. In addition, some drug combinations with synergistic effects are also mentioned. According to their impressive therapeutic effects and novel chemical structures, NPs are not only effective therapeutic remedies in clinic, but also lead compounds for structural modification, which indicate that nature brings new avenues to the therapy of CNS diseases. | Junchi Zhang Yang He Xiangrui Jiang Hualiang Jiang Jingshan Shen | 2019 | Science China(Life Sciences)2019，62，10： | 30 |
| 18 | Transcriptional and epigenetic basis of Treg cell development and function: its genetic anomalies or variations in autoimmune diseases显示文摘Naturally arising regulatory CD4^+T(Treg)cells,which specifically express the transcription factor FoxP3 in the nucleus and CD25 and CTLA-4 on the cell surface,are a T-cell subpopulation specialized for immune suppression,playing a key role in maintaining immunological self-tolerance and homeostasis.FoxP3 is required for Treg function,especially for its suppressive activity.However,FoxP3 expression per se is not necessary for Treg cell lineage commitment in the thymus and insufficient for full Treg-type gene expression in mature Treg cells.It is Treg-specific epigenetic changes such as CpG demethylation and histone modification that can confer a stable and heritable pattern of Treg type gene expression on developing Treg cells in a FoxP3-independent manner.Anomalies in the formation of Treg-specific epigenome,in particular,Treg-specific super-enhancers,which largely include Tregspecific DNA demethylated regions,are indeed able to cause autoimmune diseases in rodents.Furthermore,in humans,single nucleotide polymorphisms in Treg-specific DNA demethylated regions associated with Treg signature genes,such as IL2RA(CD25)and CTLA4,can affect the development and function of naive Treg cells rather than effector T cells.Such genetic variations are therefore causative of polygenic common autoimmune diseases including type 1 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis via affecting endogenous natural Treg cells.These findings on the transcription factor network with FoxP3 at a key position as well as Tregspecific epigenetic landscape facilitate our understanding of Treg cell development and function,and can be exploited to prepare functionally stable FoxP3-expressing Treg cells from antigen-specific conventional T cells to treat autoimmune diseases. | Naganari Ohkura Shimon Sakaguchi | 2020 | Cell Research2020，30，6： | 29 |
| 19 | From fatty liver to fibrosis:A tale of “second hit”显示文摘Although much is known about how fat accumulates in the liver,much remains unknown about how this causes sustained hepatocellular injury.The consequences of injury are recognized as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) and progressive fibrosis.The accumulation of fat within the hepatocytes sensitizes the liver to injury from a variety of causes and the regenerative capacity of a fatty liver is impaired.An additional stressor is sometimes referred to as a 'second hit' in a paradigm that identifies the accumulation of fat as the 'first hit'.Possible candidates for the second hit include increased oxidative stress,lipid peroxidation and release of toxic products such as malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal,decreased antioxidants,adipocytokines,transforming growth factor(TGF)-β,Fas ligand,mitochondrial dysfunction,fatty acid oxidation by CYPs(CYP 2E1,4A10 and 4A14),and peroxisomes,excess iron,small intestinal bacterial overgrowth,and the generation of gut-derived toxins such as lipopolysaccharide and ethanol.Oxidative stress is one of the most popular proposed mechanisms of hepatocellular injury.Previous studies have specifically observed increased plasma and tissue levels of oxidative stress markers and lipid peroxidation products,with reduced hepatic and plasma levels of antioxidants.There is also some indirect evidence of the benefit of antioxidants such as vitamin E,S-adenosylmethionine,betaine,phlebotomy to remove iron,and N-acetylcysteine in NASH.However,a causal relationship or a pathogenic link between NASH and oxidative stress has not been established so far.A number of sources of increased reactive oxygen species production have been established in NASH that include proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,iron overload,overburdened and dysfunctional mitochondria,CYPs,and peroxisomes.Briefly,the pathogenesis of NASH is multifactorial and excess intracellular fatty acids,oxidant stress,ATP depletion,and mitochondrial dysfunction are important causes of hepatocellular injury in the steatotic liver. | Metin Basaranoglu Gkcen Basaranoglu Hakan Sentürk | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，8： | 28 |
| 20 | 慢性肾脏病——公共卫生领域的新挑战——写在2009“世界肾脏日”之前显示文摘 | 郑法雷 章友康 陈香美 吴华 | 2009 | 北京医学2009，31，3： | 28 |
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